Shear Resistance of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Beams with Short Shear Spans: Literature Review and Research Needs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.
Source: Not provided · Quality: missing
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Masonry and Concrete Structural Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. AASHTO, 2018, “AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications for GFRP-Reinforced Concrete,” second edition, American Society of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 121 pp.
2. ACI Committee 318, 2019, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) (Reapproved 2022),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 624 pp.
3. ACI Committee 440, 2015, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 88 pp.
4. ACI Committee 440, 2022, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary (ACI CODE-440.11-22),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 260 pp.
5. Ahmed, E. A.; El-Salakawy, E.; and Benmokrane, B., 2010b, “Performance Evaluation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Shear Reinforcement for Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 107, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 53-61.10.14359/51663388 ↗
6. Ahmed, E. A.; El-Salakawy, E. F.; and Benmokrane, B., 2010c, “Shear Performance of RC Bridge Girders Reinforced with Carbon FRP Stirrups,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 15, No. 1, pp. 44-54. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.000003510.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000035 ↗
7. Ahmed, E. A.; El-Sayed, A. K.; El-Salakawy, E.; and Benmokrane, B., 2010a, “Bend Strength of FRP Stirrups: Comparison and Evaluation of Testing Methods,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 14, No. 1, pp. 3-10. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000005010.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000050 ↗
8. Al-Hamrani, W., and Alnahhal, W., 2021, “Shear Behavior of Basalt FRC Beams Reinforced with Basalt FRP Bars and Glass FRP stirrups: Experimental and Analytical Investigations,” Engineering Structures, V. 242, p. 112612. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.11261210.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112612 ↗
9. Al-Quraishi, H.; Lafta, M. J.; and Abdulridha, A. A., 2018, “Direct Shear Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Elements,” Journal of Engineering, V. 24, No. 1, pp. 231-248. doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2018.01.1610.31026/j.eng.2018.01.16 ↗
10. Alguhi, H., and Tomlinson, D., 2021, “One-Way Shear Strength of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Members without Stirrups: Design Provision Review,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 25, No. 3, p. 04021016. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000112510.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001125 ↗
11. Andermatt, M. F., and Lubell, A. S., 2010, “Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Internal FRP,” Structural Engineering Report No. 291, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
12. Andermatt, M. F., and Lubell, A. S., 2013, “Strength Modeling of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Internal Fiber-Reinforced Polymer,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 595-605.10.14359/51685745 ↗
13. ASCE-ACI Committee 445, 1998, “Recent Approaches to Shear Design of Structural Concrete,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 124, No. 12, pp. 1375-1417. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1375)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1375) ↗
14. Ashour, A. F., 2006, “Flexural and Shear Capacities of Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 20, No. 10, pp. 1005-1015. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.02310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.023 ↗
15. Ashour, A. F., and Kara, I. F., 2014, “Size Effect on Shear Strength of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Composites, Part B: Engineering, V. 60, pp. 612-620. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.00210.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.002 ↗
16. Baumann, T., and Rüsch, H., 1970, “Tests on Dowelling Action of Flexural Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Deutscher Ausscuss für Stahlbeton, V. 210, pp. 42-83.
17. Bažant, Z. P., and Kazemi, M. T., 1991, “Size Effect on Diagonal Shear Failure of Beams without Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 88, No. 3, May-June, pp. 268-276.10.14359/3097 ↗
18. Bažant, Z. P., and Yu, Q., 2007, “Consequences of Ignoring or Mis-Judging the Size Effect in Concrete Design Codes and Practice,” Concrete Technology, V. 1, No. 1, pp. 29-55.
19. Benmokrane, B.; El-Salakawy, E.; El-Ragaby, A.; and El-Gamal, S., 2007, “Performance Evaluation of Innovative Concrete Bridge Deck Slabs Reinforced with Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 34, No. 3, pp. 298-310. doi: 10.1139/l06-17310.1139/l06-173 ↗
20. Bentz, E. C.; Massam, L.; and Collins, M. P., 2010, “Shear Strength of Large Concrete Members with FRP Reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 14, No. 6, pp. 637-646. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000010810.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000108 ↗
21. Bielak, J., 2023, “On the Role of Dowel Action in Shear Transfer of CFRP Textile-Reinforced Concrete Slabs,” Composite Structures, V. 311, p. 116812. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.11681210.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116812 ↗
22. Cadenazzi, T.; Dotelli, G.; Rossini, M.; Nolan, S.; and Nanni, A., 2019, “Life-Cycle Cost and Life-Cycle Assessment Analysis at the Design Stage of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Bridge in Florida,” Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, V. 8, No. 2, pp. 128-151. doi: 10.1520/ACEM2018011310.1520/ACEM20180113 ↗
23. Campana, S.; Fernández Ruiz, M.; Anastasi, A.; and Muttoni, A., 2013, “Analysis of Shear-Transfer Actions on One-Way RC Members Based on Measured Cracking Pattern and Failure Kinematics,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 65, No. 6, pp. 386-404. doi: 10.1680/macr.12.0014210.1680/macr.12.00142 ↗
24. CAN/CSA A23.3-19, 2019, “Design of Concrete Structures,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
25. CAN/CSA S6-19, 2019, “Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
26. CAN/CSA S806-12, 2012, “Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
27. Cavagnis, F.; Fernández Ruiz, M.; and Muttoni, A., 2018, “An Analysis of the Shear‐Transfer Actions in Reinforced Concrete Members without Transverse Reinforcement Based on Refined Experimental Measurements,” Structural Concrete, V. 19, No. 1, pp. 49-64. doi: 10.1002/suco.20170014510.1002/suco.201700145 ↗
28. Chen, C.; Li, C.; Zhou, Y.; Sui, L.; and Li, X., 2022, “Applying Flax FRP in an Innovative Closed-Shape Stirrup for Concrete Beams,” Materials, V. 15, No. 8, p. 2927. doi: 10.3390/ma1508292710.3390/ma15082927 ↗
29. Chen, H.; Yi, W. J.; and Ma, Z. J., 2019, “Shear Size Effect in Simply Supported RC Deep Beams,” Engineering Structures, V. 182, pp. 268-278. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.06210.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.062 ↗
30. Cholostiakow, S.; Di Benedetti, M.; Guadagnini, M.; and Zappa, E., 2018, “Size Effect in FRP RC Beams with and without Shear Reinforcement,” The 13th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, SP-327, ACI Committee 440, R. El-Hacha, L. (D.) Cheng, M. Lopez de Murphy, and W. J. Gold, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 27.1-27.20.
31. Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D., 1991, Prestressed Concrete Structures, V. 9, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
32. Connor, A. B., and Kim, Y. H., 2016, “Shear Transfer Mechanisms for Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1369-1380.10.14359/51689034 ↗
33. Costa, G.; Campos, C. M.; Martha, L. F.; and Cardoso, D. C., 2025, “Novel Multiaction Model for Shear Strength Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Beams: Development and Application to Elements with FRP Bars and FRC,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 29, No. 1, p. 04024092. doi: 10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-488010.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4880 ↗
34. Daoud, O., and Fadul, A., 2021, “Shear Behavior in Beams Reinforced with Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars (GFRPB) without Stirrups,” FES Journal of Engineering Sciences, V. 9, No. 1, pp. 72-78. doi: 10.52981/fjes.v9i1.66110.52981/fjes.v9i1.661 ↗
35. Duarte, I. O.; Forti, N. C. D. S.; Pimentel, L. L.; and Jacintho, A. E. P. G. A., 2024, “A Study of the Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams with Synthetic Fibers Reinforced with Glass and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” Buildings, V. 14, No. 7, p. 2123. doi: 10.3390/buildings1407212310.3390/buildings14072123 ↗
36. El-Sayed, A. K.; El-Salakawy, E. F.; and Benmokrane, B., 2005, “Shear Strength of One-Way Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Bars,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 9, No. 2, pp. 147-157. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:2(147)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:2(147) ↗
37. El-Sayed, A. K.; El-Salakawy, E. F.; and Benmokrane, B., 2007, “Mechanical and Structural Characterization of New Carbon FRP Stirrups for Concrete Members,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 11, No. 4, pp. 352-362. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:4(352)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:4(352) ↗
38. El-Sayed, A. K.; Hussain, R. R.; and Shuraim, A. B., 2016, “Influence of Stirrup Corrosion on Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Slender Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1223-1232.10.14359/51689147 ↗
39. El-Sayed, A. K., and Soudki, K., 2011, “Evaluation of Shear Design Equations of Concrete Beams with FRP reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 15, No. 1, pp. 9-20. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000015810.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000158 ↗
40. Fan, X.; Zhou, Z.; Tu, W.; and Zhang, M., 2021, “Shear Behaviour of Inorganic Polymer Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt FRP Bars and Stirrups,” Composite Structures, V. 255, p. 112901. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.11290110.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112901 ↗
41. Fernández Ruiz, M.; Muttoni, A.; and Sagaseta, J., 2015, “Shear Strength of Concrete Members without Transverse Reinforcement: A Mechanical Approach to Consistently Account for Size and Strain Effects,” Engineering Structures, V. 99, pp. 360-372. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.00710.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.007 ↗
42. Herbrand, M., 2017, “Shear Strength Models for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Members,” PhD dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
43. Hordijk, D. A., 1992, “Tensile and Tensile Fatigue Behaviour of Concrete; Experiments, Modelling and Analyses,” Heron, V. 37, No. 1, 79 pp.
44. Hossain, F. M. Z.; Pal, A.; Ahmed, K. S.; Bediwy, A.; and Alam, M. S., 2023, “Shear Behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Recycled Aggregate and Crumb Rubber,” Journal of Cleaner Production, V. 412, p. 137370. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.13737010.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137370 ↗
45. Hoult, N.; Sherwood, E.; Bentz, E. C.; and Collins, M. P., 2008, “Does the Use of FRP Reinforcement Change the One-Way Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs?” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 12, No. 2, pp. 125-133. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:2(125)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:2(125) ↗
46. Hu, B., and Wu, Y., 2017, “Quantification of Shear Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Engineering Structures, V. 147, pp. 666-678. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.03510.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.035 ↗
47. Huber, P.; Huber, T.; and Kollegger, J., 2016, “Investigation of the Shear Behavior of RC Beams on the Basis of Measured Crack Kinematics,” Engineering Structures, V. 113, pp. 41-58. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.02510.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.025 ↗
48. Huber, T.; Huber, P.; and Kollegger, J., 2019, “Influence of Aggregate Interlock on the Shear Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups,” Engineering Structures, V. 186, pp. 26-42. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.07410.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.074 ↗
49. Hussain, Z.; Ortiz, J. D.; Hosseini, S. A.; Benmokrane, B.; and Nanni, A., 2024, “Effect of GFRP stirrup confinement on the bond strength of GFRP-RC beams,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 18, No. 1, p. 87. doi: 10.1186/s40069-024-00729-110.1186/s40069-024-00729-1 ↗
50. Ismail, K. S., 2016, “Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams,” PhD dissertation, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
51. Issa, M. A.; Ovitigala, T.; and Ibrahim, M., 2016, “Shear Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with and without Basalt FRP Stirrups,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 4, p. 04015083. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000063810.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000638 ↗
52. Jahanzaib, and Sheikh, S. A., 2024, “Theoretical Model for Calculating Shear Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 121, No 5, Sept., pp. 51-64.10.14359/51740851 ↗
53. Jiang, X; Jin, L.; Lu, K.; and Du, X., 2023, “Experimental and Numerical Tests on Shear Failure and Size Effect of CFRP-Wrapped RC Beams without Stirrups: Influence of the Shear-Span Ratio,” Engineering Structures, V. 288, p. 116219. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.11621910.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116219 ↗
54. Jumaa, G. B., and Yousif, A. R., 2019, “Size Effect on the Shear Failure of High-Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt FRP Bars and Stirrups,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 209, pp. 77-94. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.07610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.076 ↗
55. Kani, G. N. J., 1964, “The Riddle of Shear Failure and Its Solution,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 61, No. 4, Apr., pp. 441-468.10.14359/7791 ↗
56. Kani, G. N. J., 1967, “How Safe Are Our Large Reinforced Concrete Beams?” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 64, No. 3, Mar., pp. 128-141.10.14359/7549 ↗
57. Kani, G., 1979, Kani on Shear in Reinforced Concrete, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 225 pp.
58. Karayannis, C. G., and Chalioris, C. E., 2013, “Shear Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Continuous Rectangular Spiral Reinforcement,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 46, No. 9, pp. 86-97. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.02310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.023 ↗
59. Kaszubska, M.; Kotynia, R.; Barros, J. A. O.; and Baghi, H., 2018, “Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced Exclusively with Longitudinal Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars: Experimental Research,” Structural Concrete, V. 19, No. 1, pp. 152-161. doi: 10.1002/suco.20170017410.1002/suco.201700174 ↗
60. Kim, W., and White, R. N., 1999, “Shear-Critical Cracking in Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 96, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 757-765.10.14359/729 ↗
61. Kong, P. Y. L., and Rangan, B. V., 1998, “Shear Strength of High-Performance Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 95, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 667-677.10.14359/581 ↗
62. Krall, M., and Polak, M. A., 2019, “Concrete Beams with Different Arrangements of GFRP Flexural and Shear Reinforcement,” Engineering Structures, V. 198, p. 109333. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.10933310.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109333 ↗
63. Lafta, Y. J., and Ye, K., 2016, “Specification of Deep Beams Affect the Shear Strength Capacity,” Civil and Environmental Research, V. 8, No. 2, pp. 56-68.
64. Leonhardt, F., and Walther, R., 1962, “Shear Tests on Beams with and without Shear Reinforcement,” Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton, V. 151, No. 151, p. 83.
65. Li, W.; Huang, W.; Fang, Y.; Zhang, K.; Liu, Z.; and Kong, Z., 2022, “Experimental and Theoretical Analysis on Shear Behavior of RC Beams Reinforced with GFRP Stirrups,” Structures, V. 46, pp. 1753-1763. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.10.13810.1016/j.istruc.2022.10.138 ↗
66. Li, W., and Leung, C. K., 2016, “Shear Span-Depth Ratio Effect on Behavior of RC Beam Shear Strengthened with Full-Wrapping FRP Strip,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 3, p. 04015067. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000062710.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000627 ↗
67. Liang, J.; Peng, J.; and Ren, R., 2023, “A State-of-the-Art Review: Shear Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 364, p. 129996. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.12999610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129996 ↗
68. Liao, B.; Du, Y.; Zhou, R.; Rahman, M. Z.; and Zhu, D., 2024, “Shear Behavior of Seawater–Sea Sand Concrete Beams Reinforced with BFRP Bars and Stirrups,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 28, No. 2, p. 04023077. doi: 10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-433210.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4332 ↗
69. Lu, Z. H.; Ou, Y. B.; Zhao, Y. G.; and Li, C. Q., 2016, “Investigation of Corrosion of Steel Stirrups in Reinforced Concrete Structures,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 127, pp. 293-305. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.12810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.128 ↗
70. Maranan, G. B.; Manalo, A. C.; Benmokrane, B.; Karunasena, W.; and Mendis, P., 2017, “Shear Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 337-348.
71. Maranan, G. B.; Manalo, A. C.; Benmokrane, B.; Karunasena, W.; Mendis, P.; and Nguyen, T. Q., 2018, “Shear Behaviour of Geopolymer-Concrete Beams Transversely Reinforced with Continuous Rectangular Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Spirals,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 22, No. 6, pp. 454-465.10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.080 ↗
72. Marí, A.; Bairán, J.; Cladera, A.; Oller, E.; and Ribas, C., 2015, “Shear-Flexural Strength Mechanical Model for the Design and Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, V. 11, No. 11, pp. 1399-1419. doi: 10.1080/15732479.2014.96473510.1080/15732479.2014.964735 ↗
73. Matta, F.; El-Sayed, A. K.; Nanni, A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2013, “Size Effect on Concrete Shear Strength in Beams Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 617-628.10.14359/51685747 ↗
74. Mistretta, F.; Puppio, M. L.; Camata, G.; and Nanni, A., 2023, “Analytical and Experimental Shear Evaluation of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Materials and Structures, V. 56, No. 10, p. 173. doi: 10.1617/s11527-023-02256-z10.1617/s11527-023-02256-z ↗
75. Mofidi, A.; Chaallal, O.; Benmokrane, B.; and Neale, K., 2012, “Experimental Tests and Design Model for RC Beams Strengthened in Shear Using the Embedded Through-Section FRP Method,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 16, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 540-550. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000029210.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000292 ↗
76. Nakamura, H.; Iwamoto, T.; Fu, L.; Yamamoto, Y.; Miura, T.; and Gedik, Y. H., 2018, “Shear Resistance Mechanism Evaluation of RC Beams Based on Arch and Beam Actions,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, V. 16, No. 11, pp. 563-576. doi: 10.3151/jact.16.56310.3151/jact.16.563 ↗
77. Nanni, A., 2003, “North American Design Guidelines for Concrete Reinforcement and Strengthening using FRP: Principles, Applications, and Unresolved issues,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 17, No. 6-7, pp. 439-446. doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00042-410.1016/S0950-0618(03)00042-4 ↗
78. Nguyen, P. D., and Dang, V. H., 2025, “Shear Strength of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams: Extension of Beam and Arch Action Model Based on Data-Driven Analysis,” Structures, V. 74, p. 108553. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2025.10855310.1016/j.istruc.2025.108553 ↗
79. Niwa, J.; Choi, I. C.; Mishima, T.; and Suzuki, A., 1996, “Evaluation of Shear Carrying Capacity of Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Rods by the Lattice Model,” Doboku Gakkai Rombunshuu, V. 1996, No. 538, pp. 105-114. doi: 10.2208/jscej.1996.538_10510.2208/jscej.1996.538_105 ↗
80. Olalusi, O. B., 2019, “Present State of Eurocode 2 Variable Strut Inclination Method for Shear Design and Possible Improvement,” Structures, V. 19, pp. 48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2018.11.01610.1016/j.istruc.2018.11.016 ↗
81. Oller, E.; Marí, A.; Bairán, J. M.; and Cladera, A., 2015, “Shear Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with FRP Longitudinal and Transverse Reinforcement,” Composites, Part B: Engineering, V. 74, pp. 104-122. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.03110.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.031 ↗
82. Omeman, Z.; Nehdi, M.; and El-Chabib, H., 2008, “Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Short Beams without Web Reinforcement,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 35, No. 1, pp. 1-10. doi: 10.1139/L07-08010.1139/L07-080 ↗
83. Palipana, D. K.; Trandafir, A. N.; Mihaylov, B. I.; and Proestos, G. T., 2022, “Framework for Quantification of Shear-Transfer Mechanisms from Deep Beam Experiments,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 119, No. 3, May, pp. 53-65.10.14359/51734485 ↗
84. Palipana, D. K.; Trandafir, A. N.; Mihaylov, B. I.; and Proestos, G. T., 2024, “Quantification of Shear Transfer Mechanisms in Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Using Measured Experimental Data,” Engineering Structures, V. 318, p. 118711. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.11871110.1016/j.engstruct.2024.118711 ↗
85. Razaqpur, A. G.; Isgor, B. O.; Greenaway, S.; and Selley, A., 2004, “Concrete Contribution to the Shear Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Members,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 8, No. 5, pp. 452-460. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:5(452)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:5(452) ↗
86. Razaqpur, A. G., and Isgor, O. B., 2006, “Proposed Shear Design Method for FRP-Reinforced Concrete Members Without Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 93-102.10.14359/15090 ↗
87. Robert, M., and Benmokrane, B., 2010, “Physical, Mechanical, and Durability Characterization of Preloaded GFRP Reinforcing Bars,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 14, No. 4, pp. 368-375. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000010410.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000104 ↗
88. Rogowsky, D. M., and MacGregor, J. G., 1986, “Tests of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 83, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 614-623.10.14359/10558 ↗
89. Rombach, G. A.; Kohl, M.; and Nghiep, V. H., 2011, “Shear Design of Concrete Members Without Shear Reinforcement—A Solved Problem?” Procedia Engineering, V. 14, pp. 134-140. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.01510.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.015 ↗
90. Said, M.; Adam, M. A.; Mahmoud, A. A.; and Shanour, A. S., 2016, “Experimental and Analytical Shear Evaluation of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers Bars,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 102, pp. 574-591. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.18510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.185 ↗
91. Saleh, E.; Tarawneh, A. N.; and Naser, M. Z., 2022, “Failure Mode Classification and Deformability Evaluation for Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars,” Composite Structures, V. 292, p. 115651. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.11565110.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115651 ↗
92. Salman, O.; Abed, F.; and Alhoubi, Y., 2025, “Shear Performance of GFRP Reinforced UHPC Short Beams,” Composite Structures, V. 351, p. 118637. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.11863710.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118637 ↗
93. Schlaich, J.; Schäfer, K.; and Jennewein, M., 1987, “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete,” PCI Journal, V. 32, No. 3, pp. 74-150. doi: 10.15554/pcij.05011987.74.15010.15554/pcij.05011987.74.150 ↗
94. Shakir, Q. M., and Alghazali, A., 2024, “Effect of the Arching Action on the Behavior of the RC Precast Concrete Deep Beams: Comparison between Several Hybrid Models,” Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, V. 9, No. 1, p. 23. doi: 10.1007/s41024-023-00377-010.1007/s41024-023-00377-0 ↗
95. Shatarat, N.; Katkhuda, H.; Abdel-Jaber, M.; and Alqam, M., 2016, “Experimental Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Spiral Reinforcement in Shear,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 125, pp. 585-594. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.07010.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.070 ↗
96. Shehata, E.; Morphy, R.; and Rizkalla, S., 2000, “Fibre Reinforced Polymer Shear Reinforcement for Concrete Members: Behaviour and Design Guidelines,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 27, No. 5, pp. 859-872. doi: 10.1139/l00-00410.1139/l00-004 ↗
97. Stratford, T., and Burgoyne, C., 2003, “Shear Analysis of Concrete with Brittle Reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 7, No. 4, pp. 323-330. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:4(323)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:4(323) ↗
98. Sturm, A. B.; Visintin, P.; and Oehlers, D. J., 2021, “Mechanics of shear Failure in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 147, No. 3, p. 04020344. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.000293410.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002934 ↗
99. Tao, X., Guan, T., Lu, X., and Zhang, P., 2025, “Experimental Studies on Shear Behavior of FRP‐UHPC Hybrid Beams,” ce/papers, V. 8, No. 2, pp. 841-847.10.1002/cepa.3173 ↗
100. Walraven, J. C., 1981, “Fundamental Analysis of Aggregate Interlock,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 107, No. 11, pp. 2245-2270. doi: 10.1061/JSDEAG.000582010.1061/JSDEAG.0005820 ↗