Creep behavior of in situ dual-scale particles-TiB whisker and TiC particulate-reinforced titanium composites

A titanium composite reinforced by in situ dual-scale particle, high-aspect-ratio TiB whiskers and fine TiC particulates was fabricated by a reactive hot pressing technique from a B₄C–Ti system. The composite was subjected to creep investigations in compression at 873–923 K. This composite exhibited a stress exponent of 4.5–4.6 and a creep activation energy of 298 kJ/mol. By comparison, unreinforced Ti exhibited a stress exponent of 5.2–5.3 and a creep activation energy of 259 kJ/mol. No change in the stress exponent with varying creep rates was observed in both composite and unreinforced Ti under the investigated creep rates. The creep resistance of the composite was more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the unreinforced Ti. The load transfer mechanism accounted for this result. The creep of both composite and unreinforced Ti was controlled by lattice diffusion in the titanium matrix.