Torsion of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Strengthened Inverted T-Beams under Combined Loading

1. Alexander, M., and Beushausen, H., “Durability, Service Life Prediction, and Modelling for Reinforced Concrete Structures: Review and Critique,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 122, Aug. 2019, pp. 17-29. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.04.01810.1016/j.cemconres.2019.04.018 ↗

2. Ghobarah, A.; Ghorbel, M. N.; and Chidiac, S. E., “Upgrading Torsional Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 6, No. 4, Nov. 2002, pp. 257-263. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:4(257)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:4(257) ↗

3. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2019, 624 pp.

4. Salom, P. R.; Gergely, J.; and Young, D. T., “Torsional Strengthening of Spandrel Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 8, No. 2, Apr. 2004, pp. 157-162. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:2(157)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:2(157) ↗

5. Elsanadedy, H. M.; Abbas, H.; Almusallam, T. H.; and Al-Salloum, Y. A., “Organic Versus Inorganic Matrix Composites for Bond-Critical Strengthening Applications of RC Structures – State-of-the-Art Review,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 174, Oct. 2019, p. 106947. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.10694710.1016/j.compositesb.2019.106947 ↗

6. ACI Committee 440, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures (ACI 440.2R-17),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2017, 112 pp.

7. Ameli, M.; Ronagh, H. R.; and Dux, P. F., “Behavior of FRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 11, No. 2, Apr. 2007, pp. 192-200. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:2(192)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:2(192) ↗

8. Ma, S.; Bunnori, N. M.; and Choong, K. K., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Box Beam Strengthened with CFRP U-Wrap Strips Under Torsion,” MATEC Web of Conferences, V. 47, 2016, 8 pp.10.1051/matecconf/20164702002 ↗

9. Alabdulhady, M. Y., and Sneed, L. H., “Torsional Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Externally Bonded Composites: A State of the Art Review,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 205, Apr. 2019, pp. 148-163. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.16310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.163 ↗

10. Jing, M., and Grünberg, J., “Mechanical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Box Beam Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheets Under Combined Actions,” Composite Structures, V. 73, No. 4, 2006, pp. 488-494. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.02.02010.1016/j.compstruct.2005.02.020 ↗

11. Deifalla, A., and Ghobarah, A., “Full Torsional Behavior of RC Beams Wrapped with FRP: Analytical Model,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 14, No. 3, June 2010, pp. 289-300. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000008510.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000085 ↗

12. Hii, A. K. Y., and Al-Mahaidi, R., “Torsional Capacity of CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 11, No. 1, Feb. 2007, pp. 71-80. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:1(71)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:1(71) ↗

13. Chai, H. K.; Majeed, A. A.; and Allawi, A. A., “Torsional Analysis of Multicell Concrete Girders Strengthened with CFRP Using a Modified Softened Truss Model,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 20, No. 8, Aug. 2015, p. B4014001. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.000062110.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000621 ↗

14. Mirza, S. A.; Furlong, R. W.; and Ma, J. S., “Flexural Shear and Ledge Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Inverted T-Girders,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 85, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1988, pp. 509-520.10.14359/2790 ↗

15. Fédération internationale du béton, “Externally Bonded FRP Reinforcement for RC Structures (fib Bulletin 14),” fib, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 2001, 138 pp.

16. TRB, “Recommended Guide Specifications for the Design of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Repair and Strengthening of Concrete Bridge Elements,” NCHRP Report 655, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2010, 106 pp.

17. ASTM C39/C39M-15a, “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, 7 pp.

18. Chalioris, C. E., “Torsional Strengthening of Rectangular and Flanged Beams Using Carbon Fibre-Reinforced-Polymers – Experimental Study,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 22, No. 1, Jan. 2008, pp. 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.09.00310.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.09.003 ↗

19. Wight, J. K., and MacGregor, J. G., Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design, fifth edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2009, 1112 pp.

20. Montgomery, D. C., Design and Analysis of Experiments, eighth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013, 752 pp.

21. Nawy, E. G., Reinforced Concrete: A Fundamental Approach, sixth edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2008, 944 pp.

22. Huang, L.; Lu, Y.; and Shi, C., “Unified Calculation Method for Symmetrically Reinforced Concrete Section Subjected to Combined Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2013, pp. 127-136.10.14359/51684336 ↗

23. Lasdon, L. S.; Fox, R. L.; and Ratner, M. W., “Nonlinear Optimization Using the Generalized Reduced Gradient Method,” Technical Memorandum No. 325, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1973, 63 pp.10.21236/AD0774723 ↗

24. Oldershaw, B., “Combined Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Sustained Loads on Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRPs,” MS thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, 2008, 134 pp.

25. Lu, R.; Luo, Y.; and Conte, J. P., “Reliability Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Structural Safety, V. 14, No. 4, July 1994, pp. 277-298. doi: 10.1016/0167-4730(94)90016-710.1016/0167-4730(94)90016-7 ↗

26. Nowak, A. S., and Collins, K. R., Reliability of Structures, second edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2013, 407 pp.

27. Sánchez-Heres, L. F.; Ringsberg, J. W.; and Johnson, E., “Influence of Mechanical and Probabilistic Models on the Reliability Estimates of Fibre-Reinforced Cross-Ply Laminates,” Structural Safety, V. 51, Nov. 2014, pp. 35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2014.06.00110.1016/j.strusafe.2014.06.001 ↗

28. Atadero, R. A., and Karbhari, V. M., “Calibration of Resistance Factors for Reliability Based Design of Externally-Bonded FRP Composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 39, No. 4, June 2008, pp. 665-679. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.06.00410.1016/j.compositesb.2007.06.004 ↗

29. Okeil, A. M.; El-Tawil, S.; and Shahawy, M., “Flexural Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Girders Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 7, No. 5, Sept. 2002, pp. 290-299. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2002)7:5(290)10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2002)7:5(290) ↗

30. Mirza, S. A.; Kikuchi, D. K.; and MacGregor, J. G., “Flexural Strength Reduction Factor for Bonded Prestressed Concrete Beams,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 77, No. 4, July-Aug. 1980, pp. 237-246.10.14359/7001 ↗

31. Elwan, S. K., “Torsion Strengthening of RC Beams Using CFRP (Parametric Study),” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 21, No. 4, May 2017, pp. 1273-1281. doi: 10.1007/s12205-016-0156-710.1007/s12205-016-0156-7 ↗