Effects of gamma radiation as terminal sterilization on mechanical properties and organic composition of bone and skin allograft
Source abstract
Abstract
The increasing demand for allograft tissues in musculoskeletal repair necessitates effective sterilization methods that preserve mechanical integrity. This study investigates the effects of gamma irradiation (25 kGy) on the mechanical properties and organic composition of freeze-dried bone and skin allografts. Results showed a significant decline on average in Young’s modulus (62.0 ± 0.80% for bone and 46.5 ± 0.7% for skin) and ultimate stress (23.0 ± 0.4% for bone and 31.2 ± 0.4% for skin), attributed to collagen network disruption. Hydroxyproline content decreased by 0.22–1.15 μg/mg in bone and 0.89–1.20 μg/mg in skin, confirming collagen degradation. FTIR analysis revealed alterations in amide and phosphate peaks, while SEM images indicated increased porosity and structural fragmentation. These findings highlight a critical balance between sterilization efficacy and biomechanical stability, offering insights for optimizing gamma irradiation parameters in tissue banking.Graphical AbstractThe process of evaluating the gamma radiation impact on the biomechanical properties of bone and skin allograft
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Dental materials and restorations · Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (60)
Show source-provided references
1. R. Singh, D. Singh, A. Singh, Radiation sterilization of tissue allografts: a review. World J. Radiol. 8(4), 355 (2016)10.4329/wjr.v8.i4.355 ↗
2. S.A. Barbour, W. King, The safe and effective use of allograft tissue—an update. Am. Compr. J. Sports Med. 31(5), 791 (2003)10.1177/03635465030310052801 ↗
3. R. Singh, D. Singh, Gamma irradiated bone allografts processed from femoral heads. Front. Sci. 2(5), 119 (2012)10.5923/j.fs.20120205.04 ↗
4. P. David, S. Singh, R. Ankar, A comprehensive overview of skin complications in diabetes and their prevention. Cureus. 15(5), (2023)10.7759/cureus.38961 ↗
5. S. Aldekhayel, A.M. Khubrani, K.S. Alshaalan, M. Barajaa, O. Al-Meshal, Outcomes and complications of diabetic burn injuries: a single center experience. Int. J. Burns Trauma. 11(3), 220 (2021)
6. K. Ou, M. Wang, C. Meng, K. Guo, N.S. Emon, J. Li, K. Qi, Y. Dai, B. Wang, Enhanced mechanical strength and stretchable ionic conductive hydrogel with double-network structure for wearable strain sensing and energy harvesting. Compos. Sci. Technol. 255, 110732 (2024)10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110732 ↗
7. M. Megahed, S. Elkashity, A. Talaab, M. AboShaban, The impact of human skin allograft as a temporary substitute for early coverage of major burn wounds on clinical outcomes and mortality. Ann. Burns Fire Disasters 34(1), 67 (2021)
8. A.M. Nahum, J.W. Melvin, Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention (Springer, Berlin, 2012)
9. A. Heinz, Elastic fibers during aging and disease. Ageing Res. Rev. 66, 101255 (2021)10.1016/j.arr.2021.101255 ↗
10. T. Eastlund, D.M. Strong, Infectious disease transmission through tissue transplantation, in Advances in Tissue Banking (World Scientific, 2004), p. 5110.1142/9789812796646_0003 ↗
11. H. Nguyen, D.A. Morgan, M.R. Forwood, Sterilization of allograft bone: effects of gamma irradiation on allograft biology and biomechanics. Cell Tissue Bank. 8(2), 93 (2007)10.1007/s10561-006-9020-1 ↗
12. S. Zou, R.Y. Dodd, S.L. Stramer, D.M. Strong, Probability of viremia with HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV among tissue donors in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 351(8), 751 (2004)10.1056/NEJMoa032510 ↗
13. N. Rahman, R. Khan, S. Badshah, Effect of X-rays and gamma radiations on the bone mechanical properties: literature review. Cell Tissue Bank. 19(4), 457 (2018)10.1007/s10561-018-9736-8 ↗
14. S.W. Shalaby, S.D. Nagatomi, E.F. Powell, 6—Sterilization techniques for biotextiles for medical applications, in Biotextiles as Medical Implants, ed. by M.W. King, B.S. Gupta, R. Guidoin (Woodhead Publishing, 2013), p. 15710.1533/9780857095602.1.157 ↗
15. K. Brouwer, P. Geutjes, E. Versteeg, R. Wismans, J. Deprest, H. Chajra, D. Tiemessen, W. Feitz, E. Oosterwijk, W. Daamen, T. Kuppevelt, The effect of ethylene oxide sterilisation, beta irradiation and gamma irradiation on collagen fibril-based scaffolds. Evaluation of biological, physical and chemical parameters. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 8, 460 (2011)
16. V.L. Kudryk, M.J. Scheidt, M.J. McQuade, D.E. Sutherland, T.E. Vandyke, J.O. Hollinger, Toxic effect of ethylene-oxide-sterilized freeze-dried bone allograft on human gingival fibroblasts. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 26(11), 1477 (1992)10.1002/jbm.820261107 ↗
17. M. Silindir Gunay, Y. Ozer, Sterilization methods and the comparison of E-Beam sterilization with gamma radiation sterilization. FABAD J. Pharm. Sci. 34, 43 (2009)
18. A. Hoburg, S. Keshlaf, T. Schmidt, M. Smith, U. Gohs, C. Perka, A. Pruss, S. Scheffler, High-dose electron beam sterilization of soft-tissue grafts maintains significantly improved biomechanical properties compared to standard gamma treatment. Cell Tissue Bank. 16(2), 219 (2015)10.1007/s10561-014-9461-x ↗
19. A.T. Hoburg, S. Keshlaf, T. Schmidt, M. Smith, U. Gohs, C. Perka, A. Pruss, S. Scheffler, Effect of electron beam irradiation on biomechanical properties of patellar tendon allografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am. J. Sports Med. 38(6), 1134 (2010)10.1177/0363546509361161 ↗
20. A. Dziedzic-Goclawska, A. Kaminski, I. Uhrynowska-Tyszkiewicz, W. Stachowicz, Irradiation as a safety procedure in tissue banking. Cell Tissue Bank. 6, 201 (2005)10.1007/s10561-005-0338-x ↗
21. S. Girard, E. Régnier, A. Boukenter, Y. Ouerdane, J.-P. Meunier, D. Hamdani, Gamma and UV radiation-induced color centers in optical fibers, in Materials Science Forum, vol. 480 (Trans Tech Publ, 2005), p. 32310.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.480-481.323 ↗
22. A. Dziedzic-Goclawska, A. Kaminski, I. Uhrynowska-Tyszkiewicz, W. Stachowicz, Irradiation as a safety procedure in tissue banking. Cell Tissue Bank. 6(3), 201 (2005)10.1007/s10561-005-0338-x ↗
23. C.R. Harrell, V. Djonov, C. Fellabaum, V. Volarevic, Risks of using sterilization by gamma radiation: the other side of the coin. Int. J. Med. Sci. 15(3), 274 (2018)10.7150/ijms.22644 ↗
24. S. Reilly, N. Gibbs, C. Griffiths, R. Watson, M. Sherratt, Ultraviolet irradiation directly influences the structure of fibrillin microfibrils. Br. J. Dermatol. (2007)
25. N.S. El-Hansi, H.H. Said, O.S. Desouky, M.A. Khalaf, M.S. Talaat, A.M. Sallam, XRD and ATR-FTIR techniques for integrity assessment of gamma radiation sterilized cortical bone pretreated by antioxidants. Cell Tissue Bank. 22, 305 (2021)10.1007/s10561-020-09879-4 ↗
26. O. Akkus, R.M. Belaney, P. Das, Free radical scavenging alleviates the biomechanical impairment of gamma radiation sterilized bone tissue. J. Orthop. Res. 23(4), 838 (2005)10.1016/j.orthres.2005.01.007 ↗
27. Y. Wan, D. Liu, X. Wang, L. Wang, R. Ma, Z. Jiang, W. Li, B. Gao, J. Zhang, Y. Hu, Temperature-based protection of biochemical and biomechanical characteristics during 25 kGy 60Co irradiation for allograft tendons (2024)10.21203/rs.3.rs-3974845/v1 ↗
28. D.B. Crocker, T.M. Hering, O. Akkus, M.E. Oest, C.M. Rimnac, Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation sterilization on the collagen matrix of human cortical bone allograft and its influence on fatigue crack propagation resistance. Cell Tissue Bank. 25(3), 735 (2024)10.1007/s10561-024-10135-2 ↗
29. B. Burton, A. Gaspar, D. Josey, J. Tupy, M.D. Grynpas, T.L. Willett, Bone embrittlement and collagen modifications due to high-dose gamma-irradiation sterilization. Bone 61, 71 (2014)10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.006 ↗
30. A. Kaminski, A. Jastrzebska, E. Grazka, J. Marowska, G. Gut, A. Wojciechowski, I. Uhrynowska-Tyszkiewicz, Effect of gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of human cortical bone: influence of different processing methods. Cell Tissue Bank. 13(3), 363 (2012)10.1007/s10561-012-9308-2 ↗
31. C. Gaidau, M. Râpă, G. Ionita, I.R. Stanculescu, T. Zaharescu, R.-R. Constantinescu, A. Lazea-Stoyanova, M. Stanca, The influence of gamma radiation on different gelatin nanofibers and gelatins. Gels 10(4), 226 (2024)10.3390/gels10040226 ↗
32. A. Mansor, A.F. Ariffin, N. Yusof, S. Mohd, S. Ramalingam, A.P. Md Saad, R. Baharin, N.W. Min, Effects of processing and gamma radiation on mechanical properties and organic composition of frozen, freeze-dried and demineralised human cortical bone allograft. Cell Tissue Bank. 24(1), 25 (2023)10.1007/s10561-022-10013-9 ↗
33. H. Mrazova, J. Koller, G. Fujerikova, P. Babal, Structural changes of skin and amnion grafts for transplantation purposes following different doses of irradiation. Cell Tissue Bank. 15(3), 429 (2014)10.1007/s10561-013-9407-8 ↗
34. S. Khosla, Pathogenesis of age-related bone loss in humans. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biomed. Sci. Med. Sci. 68(10), 1226 (2013)10.1093/gerona/gls163 ↗
35. R.M. Zebaze, A. Ghasem-Zadeh, A. Bohte, S. Iuliano-Burns, M. Mirams, R.I. Price, E.J. Mackie, E. Seeman, Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 375(9727), 1729 (2010)10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60320-0 ↗
36. J.N. Farr, S. Khosla, Skeletal changes through the lifespan—from growth to senescence. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 11(9), 513 (2015)10.1038/nrendo.2015.89 ↗
37. D.B. Crocker, T.M. Hering, O. Akkus, M.E. Oest, C.M. Rimnac, Dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation sterilization on the collagen matrix of human cortical bone allograft and its influence on fatigue crack propagation resistance. Cell Tissue Bank. 1 (2024)10.1007/s10561-024-10135-2 ↗
38. A. Eckersley, M. Ozols, R. O’Cualain, E.-J. Keevill, A. Foster, S. Pilkington, D. Knight, C.E. Griffiths, R.E. Watson, M.J. Sherratt, Proteomic fingerprints of damage in extracellular matrix assemblies. Matrix Biol. Plus 5, 100027 (2020)10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100027 ↗
39. S.A. Hibbert, R.E. Watson, C.E. Griffiths, N.K. Gibbs, M.J. Sherratt, Selective proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases of photo-oxidised dermal extracellular matrix proteins. Cell. Signal. 54, 191 (2019)10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.024 ↗
40. S. Reilly, N. Gibbs, C. Griffiths, R. Watson, M. Sherratt, Ultraviolet irradiation directly influences the structure of fibrillin microfibrils (2007)
41. M. Wei, X. He, N. Liu, H. Deng, Role of reactive oxygen species in ultraviolet-induced photodamage of the skin. Cell Div. 19(1), 1 (2024)10.1186/s13008-024-00107-z ↗
42. N. Yoganandan, A.M. Nahum, J.W. Melvin, Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention (Springer, Berlin, 2014)
43. A.A. Poundarik, P.-C. Wu, Z. Evis, G.E. Sroga, A. Ural, M. Rubin, D. Vashishth, A direct role of collagen glycation in bone fracture. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 52, 120 (2015)10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.08.012 ↗
44. E. Morgan, M. Bouxsein, Biomechanics of bone and age-related fractures. Princ. Bone Biol. Two-Vol. Set. 1, 29 (2008)10.1016/B978-0-12-373884-4.00024-0 ↗
45. S. Ganguly, D. Ray, P. Das, P.P. Maity, S. Mondal, V. Aswal, S. Dhara, N.C. Das, Mechanically robust dual responsive water dispersible-graphene based conductive elastomeric hydrogel for tunable pulsatile drug release. Ultrason. Sonochem. 42, 212 (2018)10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.028 ↗
46. A. Hamer, J. Strachan, M. Black, C. Ibbotson, I. Stockley, R. Elson, Biomechanical properties of cortical allograft bone using a new method of bone strength measurement: a comparison of fresh, fresh-frozen and irradiated bone. J. Bone Jt. Surg Br. Vol. 78(3), 363 (1996)10.1302/0301-620X.78B3.0780363 ↗
47. A. Kaminski, A. Jastrzebska, E. Grazka, J. Marowska, G. Gut, A. Wojciechowski, I. Uhrynowska-Tyszkiewicz, Effect of gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of human cortical bone: influence of different processing methods. Cell Tissue Bank. 13, 363 (2012)10.1007/s10561-012-9308-2 ↗
48. O. Cornu, X. Banse, P.L. Docquier, S. Luyckx, C. Delloye, Effect of freeze-drying and gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone. J. Orthop. Res. 18(3), 426 (2000)10.1002/jor.1100180314 ↗
49. D.B. Burr, Changes in bone matrix properties with aging. Bone 120, 85 (2019)10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.010 ↗
50. Y. Bala, E. Seeman, Bone’s material constituents and their contribution to bone strength in health, disease, and treatment. Calcif. Tissue Int. 97, 308 (2015)10.1007/s00223-015-9971-y ↗
51. E.A. Zimmermann, E. Schaible, H. Bale, H.D. Barth, S.Y. Tang, P. Reichert, B. Busse, T. Alliston, J.W. Ager III., R.O. Ritchie, Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108(35), 14416 (2011)10.1073/pnas.1107966108 ↗
52. J. Kamml, C.-Y. Ke, C. Acevedo, D.S. Kammer, The influence of AGEs and enzymatic cross-links on the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 143, 1058 (2023)10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105870 ↗
53. S. Park, Biochemical, structural and physical changes in aging human skin, and their relationship. Biogerontology 23(3), 275 (2022)10.1007/s10522-022-09959-w ↗
54. I. Komara, A. Susanto, A. Amaliya, B. Abbas, Y. Warastuti, I. Hendiani, A. Miranda, A.P. Erliani, The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the physical, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of PVA-collagen-chitosan as a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane material. Eur. J. Dent. 17(02), 530 (2023)10.1055/s-0042-1753451 ↗
55. G.J. Fisher, B. Wang, Y. Cui, M. Shi, Y. Zhao, T. Quan, J.J. Voorhees, Skin aging from the perspective of dermal fibroblasts: The interplay between the adaptation to the extracellular matrix microenvironment and cell autonomous processes. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 17(3), 523 (2023)10.1007/s12079-023-00743-0 ↗
56. B. Thomas, D. McIntosh, T. Fildes, L. Smith, F. Hargrave, M. Islam, T. Thompson, R. Layfield, D. Scott, B. Shaw, Second-harmonic generation imaging of collagen in ancient bone. Bone Rep. 7, 137 (2017)10.1016/j.bonr.2017.10.005 ↗
57. D. de Cassan, A.L. Hoheisel, B. Glasmacher, H. Menzel, Impact of sterilization by electron beam, gamma radiation and X-rays on electrospun poly-(ε-caprolactone) fiber mats. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 30, 1 (2019)10.1007/s10856-019-6245-7 ↗
58. M. Stanca, C. Gaidau, T. Zaharescu, G.-A. Balan, I. Matei, A. Precupas, A.R. Leonties, G. Ionita, Physico-chemical changes induced by Gamma irradiation on some structural protein extracts. Biomolecules 13(5), 774 (2023)10.3390/biom13050774 ↗
59. A.H. Gage, A.P. MacKenzie, D. Baker, H.E. Newman, Considerations in determination of residual moisture in lyophilized demineralized bone matrix: the role of residual moisture analyzers. Cell Tissue Bank. 14(2), 243 (2013)10.1007/s10561-012-9321-5 ↗
60. R.E. Neuman, M.A. Logan, The determination of hydroxyproline. J. Biol. Chem. 184(1), 299 (1950)10.1016/S0021-9258(19)51149-8 ↗