journal article·2025-03-30

Effect of variable gauge rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical property in tailor rolled blanks of aluminum-alloy

Ying Zhi, Yao Jiang, Dong Wang, Xianlei Hu, Tao Sun, Xianghua Liu

Journal of Materials Research· Volume 40· Issue 6
Publisher page

Abstract

This paper investigated the effects of variable gauge rolling (VGR), solution treatment, pre-aging, natural aging and bake-hardening on the microstructure and mechanical properties in tailor rolled blanks of aluminum-alloy (Al-TRB). By optimizing the preparation process, the 6000-series Al-TRB with variable thickness, improved bake-hardening response and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties was prepared, characterized by minimal mechanical property differences between the thin and thick zones. The T4P + BH-state Al-TRB shows optimal properties, with 197 and 201 MPa yield strengths, 303 and 295 MPa tensile strengths, 27.6 and 29.4% elongations, and 97 and 106 MPa BH values for the thin and thick zones, with minimal differences of 8 MPa in tensile strength, 4 MPa in yield strength, and 2.6% in elongation. The overall mechanical properties surpass T6-state 6000-series Al-TRB in existing literature, especially in elongation by about 13%, due to the synergistic role of VGR and heat treatment.Graphical AbstractEnhanced mechanical properties of Al-TRB
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metallurgy and Material Forming · Metal Forming Simulation Techniques · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (30)

Show source-provided references
1. S.G. Wang, W.G. An, T.Y. Lin, X. Han, Topometry optimization of energy absorbing structure through targeting force-displacement method considering tailor rolled blank process. Int. J. Aerosp. Eng. 2022, 1–16 (2022)
2. M. Merklein, M. Johannes, M. Lechner, A. Kuppert, A review on tailored blanks—Production, applications and evaluation. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 214, 151–164 (2014)10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.08.015 ↗
3. X.H. Liu, Q.L. Zhao, L.Z. Liu, Recent development on theory and application of variable gauge rolling, a review. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 27, 483–493 (2014)10.1007/s40195-014-0065-z ↗
4. D.W. Ke, X.H. Liu, Y. Zhi, X.L. Hu, L.Z. Liu, Experiment on properties differentiation in tailor rolled blank of dual phase steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 742, 629–635 (2019)10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.041 ↗
5. N. Klinke, V. Kobelev, A. Schumacher, Rule and optimization-based selection of car body parts for the application of tailor rolled blank technology. Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 65, 60 (2022)10.1007/s00158-021-03111-x ↗
6. X.H. Liu, Q.L. Zhao, Y. Zhi, New progress in flexible control of microstructure and properties of rolled products: Tailor properties on one part according to loads. Steel Rolling 40, 6–11 (2023)
7. B.Y. Zhao, X.S. Zhang, T.S. Zhang, S.X. Chang, X.W. Zhu, Application of tailor rolling blank in automobile stamping parts. Forg. Stamp. Technol. 42, 44–47 (2017)
8. Y.M. Liu, Y.P. Liu, T. Wang, Z.H. Wang, Q.X. Huang, Mathematical modeling and analysis of the tailor rolled blank manufacturing process. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 266, 108991 (2024)10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2024.108991 ↗
9. Y. Zhi, X.G. Wang, S. Wang, X.H. Liu, A review on the rolling technology of shape flat products. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 94, 4507–4518 (2018)10.1007/s00170-017-1004-8 ↗
10. W. Zhang, J. Xu, Advanced lightweight materials for automobiles: A review. Mater. Des. 221, 110994 (2022)10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110994 ↗
11. D. Basile, R. Sesana, M.D. Maddis, L. Borella, P.R. Spena, Investigation of strength and formability of 6016 aluminum tailor welded blanks. Metals 12, 1593 (2022)10.3390/met12101593 ↗
12. O. Engler, C. Schäfer, H.J. Brinkman, J. Brecht, P. Beiter, K. Nijhof, Flexible rolling of aluminium alloy sheet—Process optimization and control of materials properties. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 229, 139–148 (2016)10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.09.010 ↗
13. J.H. Kim, C.J. Lee, S.B. Lee, D.C. Ko, B.M. Kim, Integrated hot forming and heat treatment process on Al6061 tailor rolled blank. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 18(1), 127–132 (2017)10.1007/s12541-017-0016-5 ↗
14. Y. Zhi, Y. Feng, D. Wang, X.L. Hu, T. Sun, X.L. Liu, Forming characteristics of tailor rolled blank of aluminum alloy during three-point bending. Materials 17, 591 (2024)10.3390/ma17030591 ↗
15. S.J. Zhang, X.L. Hu, C.L. Niu, R.D.K. Misra, S. Yan, X.H. Liu, Annealing of HC340LA tailor rolled blanks—Control of mechanical properties and formability. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 281, 116581 (2020)10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116581 ↗
16. B.R. Jin, D.W. Ha, C.Y. Jeong, Effect of solution treatment on the hardness and tensile properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys for automotive chassis. Mater. Trans. 60, 815–823 (2019)10.2320/matertrans.M2018368 ↗
17. L.P. Ding, Y. He, Z. Wen, P.Z. Zhao, Z.H. Jia, Q. Liu, Optimization of the pre-aging treatment for an AA6022 alloy at various temperatures and holding times. J. Alloys Compd. 647, 238–244 (2015)10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.188 ↗
18. J.K. Sunde, C.D. Marioara, R. Holmestad, The effect of low Cu additions on precipitate crystal structures in overaged Al–Mg–Si(-Cu) alloys. Mater Charact 160, 110087 (2020)10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110087 ↗
19. H. Li, Z.H. Yan, L.Y. Cao, Bake hardening behavior and precipitation kinetic of a novel Al–Mg–Si–Cu aluminum alloy for lightweight automotive body. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 728, 88–94 (2018)10.1016/j.msea.2018.05.014 ↗
20. X.G. Duan, Z.L. Mi, H.T. Jiang, Y.X. Wu, J.Y. Wang, Rapid bake-hardening response of Al-Mg-Si alloy during two-stage pre-aging heat treatment. Mater. Res. Express 6, 076576 (2019)10.1088/2053-1591/aafba0 ↗
21. E. Vandersluis, C. Ravindran, Effects of solution heat treatment time on the as-quenched microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of B319 aluminum alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 838, 155577 (2020)10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155577 ↗
22. G.J. Li, M.X. Guo, J.Q. Du, L.Z. Zhuang, Synergistic improvement in bake-hardening response and natural agingstability of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn alloys via non-isothermal pre-agingtreatment. Mater. Des. 218, 110714 (2022)10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110714 ↗
23. X.X. Dong, H.L. Yang, X.Z. Zhu, S.X. Ji, High strength and ductility aluminium alloy processed by high pressure die casting. J. Alloys Compd. 773, 86–96 (2019)10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.260 ↗
24. W.F. Miao, D.E. Laughlin, Precipitation hardening in aluminum alloy 6022. Scr. Mater. 40, 873–878 (1999)10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00046-9 ↗
25. Z.J. Cui, H.C. Jiang, D. Zhang, L.J. Rong, Inhibiting of the negative natural aging effect in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 894, 146196 (2024)10.1016/j.msea.2024.146196 ↗
26. G.J. Gao, Y. Li, J.D. Li, Z.D. Wang, H.S. Di, Influence of pre-aging and pre-strain on the precipitation behaviors of AA6016 alloy for automotive application. Trans. Mater. Heat Treat. 37, 76–81 (2016)
27. T. Uesugi, K. Higashi, First-principles studies on lattice constants and local lattice distortions in solid solution aluminum alloys. Comput. Mater. Sci. 67, 1–10 (2013)10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.08.037 ↗
28. E.O. Hall, The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III Discussion of results. Proc. Phys. Soc. B 64, 747–753 (1951)10.1088/0370-1301/64/9/303 ↗
29. N.J. Petch, The cleavage strength of polycrystals. J. Iron Steel Inst. 174, 25–28 (1953)
30. Y.S. Sato, M. Urata, H. Kokawa, K. Ikeda, Hall-Petch relationship in friction stir welds of equal channel angular-pressed aluminium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 354, 298–305 (2003)10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00008-X ↗