journal article·2024-10-28

Tunable structural, optical and bioactive properties of magnesium and bismuth co-doping on bioactive glass nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Divya Goel, Deenan Santhiya

Journal of Materials Research· Volume 39· Issue 20
Publisher page

Abstract

The current study focused to synthesize magnesium (Mg2+) and bismuth (Bi3+) co-doped bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles (NPs) at ambient conditions. XPS studies confirmed the existence of Mg2+as MgO and Bi3+as Bi2O3in co-doped BG NPs. XRD reported an increase in mean crystallite size from 0.1 ± 0.01 nm to 0.25 ± 0.04 nm with 0.5 to 1.5 mol% increase in Bi2O3content. TGA revealed co-doping of Mg2+and Bi3+to BG NPs increased their thermal stability by 20 to 30 w/w% in comparison to the control. FTIR and NMR studies depicted open SiO2network in co-doped BG NPs. HR-TEM evidenced co-doped BG NPs were of ~ 50 nm. The optical transmittance showed strong emission peak at 480 nm for co-doped BG NPs with decreased intensity with increasing Bi3+ion concentration. In-vitro bioactivity, hemolysis and MTT assay revealed excellent bone binding ability, least toxicity and excellent biocompatibility.Graphical abstract
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles · Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (71)

Show source-provided references
1. Y. Gao, M.A. Seles, M. Rajan, Role of bioglass derivatives in tissue regeneration and repair: a review. Rev. Adv. Mater. 62, 20220318 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-031810.1515/rams-2022-0318 ↗
2. G. Kaur, V. Kumar, F. Baino, J.C. Mauro, G. Pickrell, I. Evans, O. Bretcanu, Mechanical properties of bioactive glasses, ceramics, glass-ceramics, and composites: state-of-the-art review and future challenges. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 104, 109895 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.10989510.1016/j.msec.2019.109895 ↗
3. B. Ben-Nissan, A.H. Choi, I. Macha, Advances in bioglass and glass ceramics for biomedical applications, in Biomaterials for implants and scaffolds. ed. by Q. Li, Y.W. Mai (Springer, Berlin, 2017), pp.133–16110.1007/978-3-662-53574-5_5 ↗
4. S.M. Rabiee, N. Nazparvar, M. Azizian, D. Vashaee, L. Tayebi, Effect of ion substitution on properties of bioactive glasses: a review. Ceram. Int. 41, 7241–7251 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.02.14010.1016/j.ceramint.2015.02.140 ↗
5. A. Anand, H. Kaňková, Z. Hájovská, D. Galusek, A.R. Boccaccini, D. Galusková, Bio-response of copper–magnesium co-substituted mesoporous bioactive glass for bone tissue regeneration. J. Mater. Chem. B. 12, 1875–1891 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB01568H10.1039/D3TB01568H ↗
6. I.E. Pinto e Souza, B.R. Barrioni, N.M.L. Miriceia, D. Sachs, G.C. Ribeiro, D.C.F. Soares, M.M. Pereira, E.H.M. Nunes, Synergistic effect of cobalt and cerium on the structural properties and biological behavior of sol–gel-derived mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles. J. Non-Cryst. 613, 122391 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.12239110.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122391 ↗
7. M. Zhu, Y. Zhu, Bioactive glasses as carriers for the controlled release of therapeutic species, in Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. ed. by F. Baino, S. Kargozar (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 2022), pp.227–26110.1002/9781119724193.ch11 ↗
8. V. Stanić, Variation in properties of bioactive glasses after surface modification, in Clinical applications of biomaterials: state-of-the-art progress, trends, and novel approaches. ed. by G. Kaur (Springer, Cham, 2017), pp.35–6310.1007/978-3-319-56059-5_2 ↗
9. S. Kargozar, M. Montazerian, S. Hamzehlou, H.-W. Kim, F. Baino, Mesoporous bioactive glasses: promising platforms for antibacterial strategies. Acta Biomater. 81, 1–19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.05210.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.052 ↗
10. G. Sa, T. Das, Anti cancer effects of curcumin: cycle of life and death. Cell Div. 3, 1–14 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-3-1410.1186/1747-1028-3-14 ↗
11. M. Shoaib, A. Bahadur, S. Iqbal, M.M. Al-Anazy, A. Laref, M.A. Tahir, P.A. Channar, S. Noreen, M. Yasir, A. Iqbal, K.W. Ali, Magnesium doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles: a promising material for apatite formation and mitomycin c delivery to the MG-63 cancer cells. J. Alloys Compd. 866, 159013 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.15901310.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159013 ↗
12. H. Zhou, B. Liang, H. Jiang, Z. Deng, K. Yu, Magnesium-based biomaterials as emerging agents for bone repair and regeneration: from mechanism to application. J. Magnes. Alloy. 9, 779–804 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.03.00410.1016/j.jma.2021.03.004 ↗
13. C.F. Carolin, P.S. Kumar, A. Saravanan, G.J. Joshiba, M. Naushad, Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: a review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 5, 2782–2799 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.02910.1016/j.jece.2017.05.029 ↗
14. J. Yin, A.P. Wang, W.F. Li, R. Shi, H.T. Jin, J.F. Wei, Time-response characteristic and potential biomarker identification of heavy metal induced toxicity in zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 72, 309–317 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.04710.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.047 ↗
15. A.E. Pazarçeviren, A. Tahmasebifar, A. Tezcaner, D. Keskin, Z. Evis, Investigation of bismuth doped bioglass/graphene oxide nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. Ceram. Int. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.16410.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.164 ↗
16. D.K. Gara, R. Gujjala, S.P.P.N. Madaboosi, Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of silica intertwined bismuth-based bioactive glass coalescence possibility towards biological applications. J. Nanopart. Res. 26, 85 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-06001-710.1007/s11051-024-06001-7 ↗
17. L. Wang, N.J. Long, L. Li, Y. Lu, M. Li, J. Cao, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, S. Xu, Z. Yang, C. Mao, M. Peng, Multi-functional bismuth-doped bioglasses: combining bioactivity and photothermal response for bone tumor treatment and tissue repair. Light Sci Appl. 7, 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0007-z10.1038/s41377-018-0007-z ↗
18. S. Murimadugula, A. Prasad, A.M. Lakshmi, S. Kumari, P.V. Rao, G.N. Raju, K. Kumari, M. Özcan, N. Madaboosi, P.S. Prasad, Biomimetic Bi3+ substituted borate bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering via enhanced biological and antimicrobial activity. Surf. Interfaces. 51, 104697 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2024.10469710.1016/j.surfin.2024.104697 ↗
19. S. Himeno, H. Fujishiro, D. Sumi, Chapter 6—bismuth, in Handbook on the toxicology of metals, 5th edn., ed. by G.F. Nordberg, M. Costa (Academic Press, London, 2022), pp.121–13910.1016/B978-0-12-822946-0.00005-2 ↗
20. S. Chen, R. Zhao, X. Sun, H. Wang, L. Li, J. Liu, Toxicity and biocompatibility of liquid metals. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12, 2201924 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.20220192410.1002/adhm.202201924 ↗
21. S. Salari Sedigh, A. Gholipour, M. Zandi, B. Qubais Saeed, B.Z.T. Al-Naqeeb, N.M. Abdullah Al-Tameemi, M.F. Nassar, P. Amini, S. Yasamineh, O. Gholizadeh, Retracted Article: the role of bismuth nanoparticles in the inhibition of bacterial infection. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39, 190 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03629-w10.1007/s11274-023-03629-w ↗
22. H. Goel, D. Santhiya, Role of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf extract in tailoring the synthesis and properties of bioactive glass nanoparticles. Sustain. Mater. Technol. 33, e00485 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e0048510.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00485 ↗
23. N. Yang, C. Cao, H. Li, Y. Hong, Y. Cai, X. Song, W. Wang, X. Mou, X. Dong, Polymer-based therapeutic nanoagents for photothermal-enhanced combination cancer therapy. Small Struct. 2, 2100110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.20210011010.1002/sstr.202100110 ↗
24. I.M. Marzano, D. Tomco, R.J. Staples, E.H. Lizarazo-Jaimes, D.A. Gomes, M. Bucciarelli-Rodriguez, W. Guerra, Í.P. de Souza, C.N. Verani, E.C. Pereira Maia, Dual anticancer and antibacterial activities of bismuth compounds based on asymmetric [NN’O] ligands. J. Inorg. Biochem. 222, 111522 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.11152210.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111522 ↗
25. W. Wei, X. Zhang, S. Zhang, G. Wei, Z. Su, Biomedical and bioactive engineered nanomaterials for targeted tumor photothermal therapy: a review. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 104, 109891 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.10989110.1016/j.msec.2019.109891 ↗
26. Y. Hsu, Y. Lu, S. Wang, Y. Zheng, D. Xia, Y. Liu, Magnesium alloys in tumor treatment: current research status, challenges and future prospects. J. Magnes. Alloys 11, 3399–3426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2023.08.00810.1016/j.jma.2023.08.008 ↗
27. D. Zhi, T. Yang, J. O’Hagan, S. Zhang, R.F. Donnelly, Photothermal therapy. J. Control. Release 325, 52–71 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.03210.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.032 ↗
28. X. Li, J.F. Lovell, J. Yoon, X. Chen, Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 17, 657–674 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-020-0410-210.1038/s41571-020-0410-2 ↗
29. C. Khatua, S. Bodhak, B. Kundu, V.K. Balla, In vitro bioactivity and bone mineralization of bismuth ferrite reinforced bioactive glass composites. Materialia 4, 361 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2018.10.01410.1016/j.mtla.2018.10.014 ↗
30. L. Cheng, C. Wang, L. Feng, K. Yang, Z. Liu, Functional nanomaterials for phototherapies of cancer. Chem. Rev. 114, 10869–10939 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400532z10.1021/cr400532z ↗
31. C. Zhang, D. Ni, Y. Liu, H. Yao, W. Bu, J. Shi, Magnesium silicide nanoparticles as a deoxygenation agent for cancer starvation therapy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 378–386 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.28010.1038/nnano.2016.280 ↗
32. B. Guo, N.-W. Cao, H.-Y. Zhou, X.-J. Chu, B.-Z. Li, Efficacy and safety of bismuth-containing quadruple treatment and concomitant treatment for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb. Pathog. 152, 104661 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.10466110.1016/j.micpath.2020.104661 ↗
33. F. An, Y. Zhao, H. Li, J. Meng, L. Jiao, Z. Zhang, X. Li, X. Sun, Intramolecular charge transfer versus intersystem crossing: the way toward super-high photothermal efficiency by thionation. Dyes Pigm. 217, 111411 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.11141110.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111411 ↗
34. N. Sezer, Z. Evis, S.M. Kayhan, A. Tahmasebifar, M. Koç, Review of magnesium-based biomaterials and their applications. J. Magnes. Alloys 6, 23–43 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2018.02.00310.1016/j.jma.2018.02.003 ↗
35. L. Tong, Q. Liao, Y. Zhao, H. Huang, A. Gao, W. Zhang, X. Gao, W. Wei, M. Guan, P.K. Chu, H. Wang, Near-infrared light control of bone regeneration with biodegradable photothermal osteoimplant. Biomaterials 193, 1–11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.00810.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.008 ↗
36. J.-W. Lu, F. Yang, Q.-F. Ke, X.-T. Xie, Y.-P. Guo, Magnetic nanoparticles modified-porous scaffolds for bone regeneration and photothermal therapy against tumors. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 14, 811–822 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.02510.1016/j.nano.2017.12.025 ↗
37. L. Zhang, Y. Liu, H. Huang, H. Xie, B. Zhang, W. Xia, B. Guo, Multifunctional nanotheranostics for near infrared optical imaging-guided treatment of brain tumors. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 190, 114536 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.11453610.1016/j.addr.2022.114536 ↗
38. Y. Cui, X. Zhang, R. Guo, H. Zhang, B. Li, M. Xie, Q. Cheng, X. Cheng, Construction of Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst and its enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance and mechanism. Sep. Purif. Technol. 203, 301–309 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.06110.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.061 ↗
39. N. Gupta, D. Santhiya, S. Murugavel, A. Kumar, A. Aditya, M. Ganguli, S. Gupta, Effects of transition metal ion dopants (Ag, Cu and Fe) on the structural, mechanical and antibacterial properties of bioactive glass. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 538, 393–403 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.02310.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.023 ↗
40. M.H. Misbah, M. El-Kemary, R. Ramadan, Effect of Mg2+ coordination on the structural and optical properties of iron magnesium phosphate glasses. J. Non-Cryst. 569, 120987 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.12098710.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.120987 ↗
41. S.I. Sohn, A. Priya, B. Balasubramaniam, P. Muthuramalingam, C. Sivasankar, A. Selvaraj, A. Valliammai, R. Jothi, S. Pandian, Biomedical applications and bioavailability of curcumin—an updated overview. Pharmaceutics. 13, 2102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics1312210210.3390/pharmaceutics13122102 ↗
42. B. Salehi, Z.S. Radić, J. Matejić, M.S. Rad, N.V.A. Kumar, N. Martins, J.S. Rad, The therapeutic potential of curcumin: a review of clinical trials. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 163, 527–545 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.01610.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.016 ↗
43. J. Serra, P. González, S. Liste, C. Serra, S. Chiussi, B. León, M. Pérez-Amor, H.O. Ylänen, M. Hupa, FTIR and XPS studies of bioactive silica-based glasses. J. Non-Cryst. 332, 20–27 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.01310.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.013 ↗
44. F. Uhl, V. Staemmler, An ab initio study of the O1s and Mg1s, Mg2s, Mg2p core electron binding energies in bulk MgO. J. Electron Spectros. Relat. Phenomena 233, 90–96 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2019.03.00910.1016/j.elspec.2019.03.009 ↗
45. S. Chitra, S. Balakumar, Insight into the impingement of different sodium precursors on structural, biocompatible, and hemostatic properties of bioactive materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 123, 111959 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2021.11195910.1016/j.msec.2021.111959 ↗
46. V. Sugumaran, E. Krishnamoorthy, A. Kamalakkannan, R.C. Ramachandran, B. Subramanian, Unscrambling the influence of sodium cation on the structure, bioactivity, and erythrocyte compatibility of 45S5 bioactive glass. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 18, 1576–1590 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.1c0132210.1021/acsabm.1c01322 ↗
47. A.M. Deliormanlı, B. Rahman, S. Oguzlar, M.Z. Ongun, Investigation of the structural, photoluminescence properties, bioactivity and 5-fluorouracil delivery behavior of Dy3+ and Dy: Eu3+-doped bioactive glasses. J. Alloys Compd. 944, 169153 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.16915310.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169153 ↗
48. Y. Song, E.-H. Han, K. Dong, D. Shan, C.D. Yim, B.S. You, Microstructure and protection characteristics of the naturally formed oxide films on Mg–xZn alloys. Corros. Sci. 72, 133–143 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.03.02110.1016/j.corsci.2013.03.021 ↗
49. R. Zhang, J. Ren, X. Yuan, Y. Cui, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Structural studies of Bi2O3–NaPO3 glasses by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 10087 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b0187110.1021/acs.jpcc.7b01871 ↗
50. S.S. Hettiarachchi, S.P. Dunuweera, A.N. Dunuweera, R.M.G. Rajapakse, Synthesis of curcumin nanoparticles from raw turmeric rhizome. ACS Omega 6, 8246–8252 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c0631410.1021/acsomega.0c06314 ↗
51. U. Holzwarth, N. Gibson, The Scherrer equation versus the “Debye-Scherrer equation.” Nat. Nanotech. 6, 534 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.14510.1038/nnano.2011.145 ↗
52. Z. Neščáková, K. Zheng, L. Liverani, Q. Nawaz, D. Galusková, H. Kaňková, M. Michálek, D. Galusek, A.R. Boccaccini, Multifunctional zinc ion doped sol–gel derived mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Bioact. Mater. 4(312–321), 312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.10.00210.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.10.002 ↗
53. M. Erol Taygun, A.R. Boccaccini, 10—Nanoscaled bioactive glass particles and nanofibers, in Bioactive glasses, 2nd edn., ed. by H. Ylänen (Woodhead Publishing, Duxford, 2018), pp.235–28310.1016/B978-0-08-100936-9.00012-5 ↗
54. M.A. Al-Ghouti, D.A. Da’ana, Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: a review. J. Hazard. Mater. 393, 122383 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.12238310.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122383 ↗
55. Z. Azari, F. Kermani, S. Mollazadeh, F. Alipour, A.S. Avalshahr, M.R. Mohammadi, B.J. Kondori, Z. Mollaei, S.A. Hosseini, S. Nazarnezhad, K. Zheng, F. Baino, S. Kargozar, Fabrication and characterization of cobalt- and copper-doped mesoporous borate bioactive glasses for potential applications in tissue engineering. Ceram. Int. 49, 38773 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.09.21410.1016/j.ceramint.2023.09.214 ↗
56. S.S. Salcedo, C. Heras, D. Lozano, M.V. Regí, A.J. Salinas, Nanodevices based on mesoporous glass nanoparticles enhanced with zinc and curcumin to fight infection and regenerate bone. Acta Biomater. 166, 655–669 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.04610.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.046 ↗
57. F.A. Adam, M.G. Ghoniem, M. Diawara, S. Rahali, B.Y. Abdulkhair, M.R. Elamin, M.A.B. Aissa, M. Seydou, Enhanced adsorptive removal of indigo carmine dye by bismuth oxide doped MgO based adsorbents from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetic and computational studies. RSC Adv. 12, 24786–24803 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA02636H10.1039/D2RA02636H ↗
58. L. Wang, M. Peng, X. Li, Y. Wang, H. Luo, J. Cao, X. Li, Suppressing the thermal degradation of bismuth near-infrared luminescence in optical amorphous materials via topologically polymerized network structures. J. Mater. Chem. C. 7, 5074–5083 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC00718K10.1039/C9TC00718K ↗
59. P. Dang, D. Liu, G. Li, A.A. Al Kheraif, J. Lin, Recent advances in bismuth ion-doped phosphor materials: structure design, tunable photoluminescence properties, and application in white LEDs. Adv. Opt. Mater. 8, 1901993 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.20190199310.1002/adom.201901993 ↗
60. J. Liqiang, Q. Yichun, W. Baiqi, L. Shudan, J. Baojiang, Y. Libin, F. Wei, F. Honggang, S. Jiazhong, Review of photoluminescence performance of nano-sized semiconductor materials and its relationships with photocatalytic activity. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90, 1773–1787 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.11.00710.1016/j.solmat.2005.11.007 ↗
61. P. Rohilla, A. Prasad, A. Srinivasa Rao, Structural and luminescence studies on thermally stable Bi3+-activated Ba3MoTiO8 phosphors for near UV-pumped w-LED applications. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. 21, 1208–1219 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.1458010.1111/ijac.14580 ↗
62. D.R. Taikar, S. Tamboli, S.J. Dhoble, Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Li2SO4: RE (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Gd3+ and Ce3+) phosphors. Optik 139, 111–122 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.03.11510.1016/j.ijleo.2017.03.115 ↗
63. A. Hoppe, N.S. Güldal, A.R. Boccaccini, A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. Biomaterials 32, 2757–2774 (2011)10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.004 ↗
64. A. Taghizadeh Tabrizi, H. Aghajani, H. Kivrak, A. Jangjoo, F. Afaghi, Electrochemical evaluation of the hydroxyapatite coating synthesized on the AZ91 by electrophoretic deposition route. Synth. Sinter. (2021). https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2021.122610.53063/synsint.2021.1226 ↗
65. S. Khanmohammadi, H. Aghajani, Electrophoretic deposition of ternary chitosan/mesoporous bioglass/hydroxyapatite composite coatings for drug delivery application. Bull. Mater. Sci. 47, 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-03125-910.1007/s12034-023-03125-9 ↗
66. T. Kokubo, H. Takadama, How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials 27, 2907–2915 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.01710.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017 ↗
67. M.L. Dittler, I. Unalan, A. Grünewald, A.M. Beltrán, C.A. Grillo, R. Destch, M.C. Gonzalez, A.R. Boccaccini, Bioactive glass (45S5)-based 3D scaffolds coated with magnesium and zinc-loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for tissue engineering applications. Colloids Surf. B 182, 110346 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.11034610.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110346 ↗
68. D. Santhiya, H. Kumari Alajangi, F. Anjum, S. Murugavel, M. Ganguli, Bio-inspired synthesis of microporous bioactive glass-ceramic using CT-DNA as a template. J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 6329–6338 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TB21212B10.1039/C3TB21212B ↗
69. M.A. Dobrovolskaia, J.D. Clogston, B.W. Neun, J.B. Hall, A.K. Patri, S.E. McNeil, Method for analysis of nanoparticle hemolytic properties in vitro. Nano Lett. 8, 2180–2187 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl080561510.1021/nl0805615 ↗
70. Z. Zhen, X. Tingfei, Z. Yufeng, L. Li, L. Lugee, In vitro study on Mg–Sn–Mn alloy as biodegradable metals. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 30, 675–685 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2014.04.00510.1016/j.jmst.2014.04.005 ↗
71. F. Molly, W. Sean, S. Mark, M. Colleen, A. Scott, R. Don, Standard practice for assessment of hemolytic properties of materials, American Society for Testing of Materials. ASTM F756-00. (2000).