Characterization of a new Ca–Cd hydroxide hydrothermally synthesized and its implications for cement isolation of Cd

Mixtures of CaO–CdO (1 : 1) were hydrothermally treated in a pressure reactor at 200 °C and 200 psi of pressure during a period of 16 h. The evolution of the reaction was followed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermogravimetric (TG and DTG) analysis. Also, the composition of the filtered solutions was analyzed to determine the mechanism of the reaction as well as the thermodynamic solubility constant of the new compound formed. The results show that CaO and CdO react, giving rise to a new CaCd(OH)₄ hydroxide whose thermodynamic solubility constant, 1.5 ± 0.4 × 10⁻¹¹ M², is six orders of magnitude lower than those of both Ca(OH) ₂ and β–Cd(OH) ₂. This low solubility constant justifies the Cd²⁺ concentration measured in the pore solution of cement matrices used to immobilize cadmium containing wastes. The mechanism of the reaction proposed is via dissolution of both Ca(OH) ₂ and β–Cd(OH)₂, Ca²⁺ and being the predominant species in solution.