journal article·2021-04-28

Modulating the magnetic-optical properties of Zn1−xCoxO nanocrystals with x-content

Elisson A. Batista, Anielle C. A. Silva, Thaís K. de L. Rezende, Eder V. Guimarães, Pedro A. G. Pereira, Paulo E. N. de Souza, Ricardo S. da Silva, Paulo C. de Morais, Noelio O. Dantas

Journal of Materials Research· Volume 36· Issue 8
Publisher page

Abstract

In this study, magnetic-optical properties of Zn1−xCoxO NCs were modulated with x-content. The optical, structural, morphological, and magnetic properties were investigated by optical absorption (OA), fluorescence (FL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The XRD and Raman results confirm the growth of Zn1−xCoxO NCs, with x greater than 1.0 having occurred for the formation of the nanocomposite (Co-doped ZnO/ZnCo2O4). The formation of the nanocomposite allows new and exciting optical and magnetic properties. SEM images show inhibition in ZnO nanorod growth with Co-content and formation of ZnCo2O4 NCs. OA and FL spectra have changed with x-content in Zn1−xCoxO NCs. These changes are strongly related to the symmetric environment of the Co2+ ions within ZnO NCs and the formation of ZnCo2O4 NCs. A linear dependence of FL intensity was observed with the x-content in the red-green region. The symmetric environment and the nanocomposite formation also alter the magnetic properties confirmed by EPR. Therefore, Zn1−xCoxO NCs can be a material platform suitable for photonic devices, magnetic-optical devices, or spintronics.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: ZnO doping and properties · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (51)

Show source-provided references
1. F. Qu, D. Santos, N. Dantas, A.F. Monte, P. Morais, Effects of nanocrystal shape on the physical properties of colloidal ZnO quantum dots. Physica E 23(3), 410 (2004)10.1016/j.physe.2003.12.137 ↗
2. N.O. Dantas, A.F.G. Monte, W.A. Cardoso, A.G. Brito-Madurro, J.M. Madurro, P.C. Morais, Growth and characterisation of ZnO quantum dots in polyacrylamide. Microelectronics J. 36(3–6), 234 (2005)10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.016 ↗
3. N.O. Dantas, L. Damigo, F. Qu, J.F.R. Cunha, R.S. Silva, K.L. Miranda, E.C. Vilela, P.P.C. Sartoratto, P.C. Morais, Raman investigation of ZnO and Zn1−xMnxO nanocrystals synthesized by precipitation method. J. Non. Cryst. Solids 354(42–44), 4827 (2008)10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.04.051 ↗
4. Y.K. Mishra, R. Adelung, ZnO tetrapod materials for functional applications. Mater. Today 21, 631 (2018)10.1016/j.mattod.2017.11.003 ↗
5. M.A. Borysiewicz, ZnO as a functional material, a review. Crystals 9(10), 505 (2019)10.3390/cryst9100505 ↗
6. A. Silva, M.A.P. Zóia, L.I.V. Correia, F.V.P.V. Azevedo, A.T. de Paula, L.P. Maia, L.S. de Carvalho, L.N. Carvalho, M.P.C. Costa, L.C. Giaretta, R.S. Rodrigues et al., Cytotoxicity (InTech, London, 2018).
7. P.I. Archer, S.A. Santangelo, D.R. Gamelin, Direct Observation of sp-d exchange interactions in colloidal Mn2+- and Co2+-doped CdSe quantum dots. Nano Lett. 7(4), 1037 (2007)10.1021/nl0702362 ↗
8. D.A. Bussian, S.A. Crooker, M. Yin, M. Brynda, A.L. Efros, V.I. Klimov, Tunable magnetic exchange interactions in manganese-doped inverted core-shell ZnSe-CdSe nanocrystals. Nat. Mater. 9, 35 (2009)10.1038/nmat2342 ↗
9. J.A. Gaj, J. Kossut, in Introduction to Physics of the Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. ed. by J.A. Gaj, J. Kossut (Springer, Berlin, 2010), pp. 1–3610.1007/978-3-642-15856-8 ↗
10. E.A. Chekhovich, A.S. Brichkin, A.V. Chernenko, V.D. Kulakovskii, I.V. Sedova, S.V. Sorokin, S.V. Ivanov, Effect of sp-d exchange interaction on excitonic states in CdSeZnSe Zn1-x Mnx Se quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 76, 16 (2007)10.1103/PhysRevB.76.165305 ↗
11. X. Zhang, B. Liu, Y. Xu, H. Liu, W. Zhao, P. Wang, A. Ming, F. Wei, Facile fabrication of cobalt-doped SnO2 for gaseous ethanol detection and the catalytic mechanism of cobalt. CrystEngComm 21(48), 7528 (2019)10.1039/C9CE01530B ↗
12. B. Deka Boruah, A. Misra, Effect of magnetic field on photoresponse of cobalt integrated zinc oxide nanorods. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(7), 4771 (2016)10.1021/acsami.5b11387 ↗
13. S. Munawar Basha, S. Ramasubramanian, M. Rajagopalan, J. Kumar, T. Won Kang, N. Ganapathi Subramaniam, Y. Kwon, Investigations on cobalt doped GaN for spintronic applications. J. Cryst. Growth 318(1), 432 (2011)10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.10.015 ↗
14. S.A. Lourenço, R.S. Silva, N.O. Dantas, Tunable dual emission in visible and near-infrared spectra using Co2+-doped PbSe nanocrystals embedded in a chalcogenide glass matrix. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18(33), 23036 (2016)10.1039/C6CP04419K ↗
15. E.S. Freitas Neto, A.C.A. Silva, S.W. da Silva, P.C. Morais, J.A. Gómez, O. Baffa, N.O. Dantas, Raman spectroscopy of very small Cd1−xCoxS quantum dots grown by a novel protocol: direct observation of acoustic-optical phonon coupling. J. Raman Spectrosc. 44(7), 1022 (2013)10.1002/jrs.4324 ↗
16. S.A. Lourenço, R.S. Silva, A.C.A. Silva, N.O. Dantas, Structural and optical properties of Co2+-doped PbSe nanocrystals in chalcogeneide glass matrix. J. Phys. Chem. C 119(23), 13277 (2015)10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01920 ↗
17. A.S. Silva, S.A. Lourenço, M.A.T. Da Silva, S.W. Da Silva, P.C. Morais, N.O. Dantas, Effect of Co co-doping on the optical properties of ZnTe: Mn nanocrystals. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19(2), 1158 (2017)10.1039/C6CP05866C ↗
18. A.S. Silva, F. Pelegrini, L.C. Figueiredo, P.E.N. De Souza, S.W. Da Silva, P.C. De Morais, N.O. Dantas, Evidence of competition in the incorporation of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions into the structure of ZnTe nanocrystals. RSC Adv. 6(103), 101226 (2016)10.1039/C6RA19189D ↗
19. E.V. Guimarães, E.R. Gonçalves, S.A. Lourenço, L.C. Oliveira, O. Baffa, A.C.A. Silva, N.O. Dantas, R.S. Silva, Concentration effect on the optical and magnetic properties of Co2+-doped Bi2S3 semimagnetic nanocrystals growth in glass matrix. J. Alloys Compd. 740, 974 (2018)10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.073 ↗
20. J. Xu, S. Shi, L. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, Q. Shi, S. Li, H. Wang, Luminescence properties of cobalt-doped ZnO films prepared by sol-gel method. J. Electron. Mater. 42(12), 3438 (2013)10.1007/s11664-013-2719-4 ↗
21. P.R. Chithira, T. Theresa John, Correlation among oxygen vacancy and doping concentration in controlling the properties of cobalt doped ZnO nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.16592810.1016/j.jmmm.2019.165928 ↗
22. D. Skoda, P. Urbanek, J. Sevcik, L. Munster, V. Nadazdy, D.A. Cullen, P. Bazant, J. Antos, I. Kuritka, Colloidal cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles by microwave-assisted synthesis and their utilization in thin composite layers with MEH-PPV as an electroluminescent material for polymer light emitting diodes. Org. Electron. 59, 337 (2018)10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.037 ↗
23. R. Bhargava, P.K. Sharma, R.K. Dutta, S. Kumar, A.C. Pandey, N. Kumar, Influence of Co-doping on the thermal, structural, and optical properties of sol-gel derived ZnO nanoparticles. Mater. Chem. Phys. 120(2–3), 393 (2010)10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.11.024 ↗
24. N. Srinatha, K.G.M. Nair, B. Angadi, Microstructure, electronic structure and optical properties of combustion synthesized Co doped ZnO nanoparticles. Phys. B Condens. Matter 474, 97 (2015)10.1016/j.physb.2015.06.009 ↗
25. E.A. Batista, A.C.A. Silva, T.K. de Lima, E.V. Guimarães, R.S. da Silva, N.O. Dantas, Effect of the location of Mn2+ ions in the optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanocrystals. J. Alloys Compd. 850, 156611 (2021)10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156611 ↗
26. M.W. Maswanganye, K.E. Rammutla, T.E. Mosuang, B.W. Mwakikunga, The effect of Co and In combinational or individual doping on the structural, optical and selective sensing properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 247, 228 (2017)10.1016/j.snb.2017.02.039 ↗
27. J.M. Calleja, M. Cardona, Resonant Raman scattering in ZnO. Phys. Rev. B 16(8), 3753 (1977)10.1103/PhysRevB.16.3753 ↗
28. T.C. Damen, S.P.S. Porto, B. Tell, Raman effect in zinc oxide. Phys. Rev. 142(2), 570 (1966)10.1103/PhysRev.142.570 ↗
29. M. Rajalakshmi, A.K. Arora, B.S. Bendre, S. Mahamuni, Optical phonon confinement in zinc oxide nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 87(5), 2445 (2000)10.1063/1.372199 ↗
30. J.P. Morán-Lázaro, F. López-Urías, E. Muñoz-Sandoval, O. Blanco-Alonso, M. Sanchez-Tizapa, A. Carreon-Alvarez, H. Guillén-Bonilla et al., in Nanostructured Materials Fabric to Application. ed. by F. López-Urías (Rijeka, IntechOpen, 2017)
31. Q. Gao, Y. Dai, C. Li, L. Yang, X. Li, C. Cui, Correlation between oxygen vacancies and dopant concentration in Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation technique. J. Alloys Compd. 684, 669 (2016)10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.05.227 ↗
32. R.B. Bylsma, W.M. Becker, J. Kossut, U. Debska, D. Yoder-Short, Dependence of energy gap on x and T in Zn1-xMnxSe: the role of exchange interaction. Phys. Rev. B 33(12), 8207 (1986)10.1103/PhysRevB.33.8207 ↗
33. H.J. Kim, I.C. Song, J.H. Sim, H. Kim, D. Kim, Y.E. Ihm, W.K. Choo, Electrical and magnetic properties of spinel-type magnetic semiconductor ZnCo2O4 grown by reactive magnetron sputtering. J. Appl. Phys. 95(11), 7387 (2004)10.1063/1.1688571 ↗
34. M.N. Amini, H. Dixit, R. Saniz, D. Lamoen, B. Partoens, The origin of p-type conductivity in ZnM2O4 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) spinels. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(6), 2588 (2014)10.1039/c3cp53926a ↗
35. S. Sugano, Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals, 1st edn. (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1970).
36. L. Nataf, F. Rodríguez, R. Valiente, Pressure-induced Co2+ photoluminescence quenching in MgAl2O4. Phys. Rev. B 86, 12 (2012)10.1103/PhysRevB.86.125123 ↗
37. E.S. Freitas Neto, A.C.A. Silva, S.W. Da Silva, P.C. Morais, J.A. Gómez, O. Baffa, N.O. Dantas, Raman spectroscopy of very small Cd1-xCoxS quantum dots grown by a novel protocol: direct observation of acoustic-optical phonon coupling. J. Raman Spectrosc. 44(7), 1022 (2013)10.1002/jrs.4324 ↗
38. J.J. Freedsman, L.J. Kennedy, R.T. Kumar, G. Sekaran, J.J. Vijaya, Studies on the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nanobushes and Co-doped ZnO self-aggregated nanorods synthesized by simple thermal decomposition route. Mater. Res. Bull. 45(10), 1481 (2010)10.1016/j.materresbull.2010.06.011 ↗
39. S. Husain, L.A. Alkhtaby, I. Bhat, E. Giorgetti, A. Zoppi, M. Muniz Miranda, Study of cobalt doping on structural and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline ZnO. J. Lumin. 154, 430 (2014)10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.05.015 ↗
40. X. Duan, J. Liu, Y. Wu, F. Yu, X. Wang, Structure and luminescent properties of Co2+/Cr3+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles. J. Lumin. 153, 361 (2014)10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.03.027 ↗
41. J.J. Wu, S.C. Liu, M.H. Yang, Room-temperature ferromagnetism in well-aligned Zn1-xCoxO nanorods. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(6), 1027 (2004)10.1063/1.1779958 ↗
42. C. Tirupataiah, A. Suneel Kumar, T. Narendrudu, G. Chinna Ram, M.V. Sambasiva Rao, N. Veeraiah, D. Krishna Rao, Characterization, optical and luminescence features of cobalt ions in multi-component PbO–Al2O3–TeO2–GeO2–SiO2 glass ceramics. Opt. Mater. 88, 289 (2019)10.1016/j.optmat.2018.11.050 ↗
43. P. Lommens, P.F. Smet, C. De Mello Donega, A. Meijerink, L. Piraux, S. Michotte, S. Mátéfi-Tempfli, D. Poelman, Z. Hens, Photoluminescence properties of Co2+-doped ZnO nanocrystals. J. Lumin. 118(2), 245 (2006)10.1016/j.jlumin.2005.08.020 ↗
44. S.H. Sindhu, S.D. Kulkarni, R.J. Choudhary, P.D. Babu, B.V. Rajendra, Influence of cobalt doping on structure, optical and magnetic properties of spray pyrolysed nano structured ZnO films. Phys. B Condens. Matter 572, 18 (2019)10.1016/j.physb.2019.07.034 ↗
45. A. Janotti, C.G. Van De Walle, Fundamentals of zinc oxide as a semiconductor. Rep. Prog. Phys. 72, 126501 (2009)10.1088/0034-4885/72/12/126501 ↗
46. Y. Kutin, N. Cox, W. Lubitz, A. Schnegg, O. Rüdiger, In situ EPR characterization of a cobalt oxide water oxidation catalyst at neutral pH. Catalysts 9(11), 926 (2019)10.3390/catal9110926 ↗
47. H. Drulis, K. Dyrek, K.P. Hoffmann, S.K. Hoffmann, A. Wesetucha-Birczyńska, EPR spectra of low-symmetry tetrahedral high-spin cobalt(II) in a cinchoninium tetrachlorocobaltate(II) dihydrate single crystal. Inorg. Chem. 24(24), 4009 (1985)10.1021/ic00218a009 ↗
48. B.H. Toby, EXPGUI, a graphical user interface for GSAS. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 34, 210 (2001)10.1107/S0021889801002242 ↗
49. H.M. Rietveld, A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2, 65 (1969)10.1107/S0021889869006558 ↗
50. M. Sakata, M.J. Cooper, An analysis of the Rietveld refinement method. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 12, 554 (1979)10.1107/S002188987901325X ↗
51. A.C. Larson, R.B. Von Dreele, General structure analysis system (GSAS). Los Alamos Natl. Lab. Rep. LAUR 86, 745 (2004)