Crystal defects of mordenite structures

Crystal defects in mordenite materials were observed and characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). These defects are identified as line, planar, and 3D defects, which may result in pore blockage of the mordenite channel structure and be detrimental to their chemical properties for catalytic applications. The planar defects are the most severe ones affecting the structural properties of mordenite because of their density and scale. The main emphasis of this investigation is focused on the crystallographic aspects of these defects.