Balancing processing ease with combustion performancein aluminum/PVDF energetic filaments
Source abstract
Abstract
Molecular weight (Mw) effects in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) influence both processability and combustion behavior in energetic Al–PVDF filaments. Results show decreased viscosity in unloaded and fuel-lean (i.e., 15 wt% Al) filaments. In highly loaded filaments (i.e., 30 wt% Al), reduced viscosity is minimal due to higher electrostatic interaction between Al particles and low Mw chains as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal and combustion analysis further corroborates this story as exothermic activity decreases in PVDF with smaller Mw chains. Differential scanning calorimetry and Thermogravimetric analysis show reduced reaction enthalpy and lower char yield in low Mw PVDF. Enthalpy reduction trends continued in nonequilibrium burn rate studies, which confirm that burn rate decreases in the presence of low Mw PVDF. Furthermore, powder X-ray patterns of post-burn products suggest that low Mw PVDF decomposition creates a diffusion barrier near the Al particle surface resulting in negligible AlF3 formation in fuel-rich filaments.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Energetic Materials and Combustion · Rocket and propulsion systems research · Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (25)
Show source-provided references
1. T.J. Fleck, A.K. Murray, I.E. Gunduz, S.F. Son, G.T.C. Chiu, and J.F. Rhoads: Additive manufacturing of multifunctional reactive materials. Addit. Manuf. 17, 176 (2017).
2. J.A. Bencomo, J.M. McCollum, and S.T. Iacono: 3D printing multifunctional fluorinated nanocomposites: Tuning electroactivity, rheology and chemical reactivity. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 12308 (2018).10.1039/C8TA00127H ↗
3. X. Zhou, M. Torabi, J. Lu, R. Shen, and K. Zhang: Nanostructured energetic composites: Synthesis, ignition/combustion modeling, and applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 3058 (2014).10.1021/am4058138 ↗
4. F.D. Ruz-Nuglo and L.J. Groven: 3-D printing and development of fluoropolymer based reactive inks. Adv. Eng. Mater. 20, 1 (2018).10.1002/adem.201700390 ↗
5. H. Wang, M. Rehwoldt, D.J. Kline, T. Wu, P. Wang, and M.R. Zachariah: Comparison study of the ignition and combustion characteristics of directly-written Al/PVDF, Al/Viton and Al/THV composites. Combust. Flame 201, 181 (2019).10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.12.031 ↗
6. L. Li, Q. Lin, M. Tang, A.J.E. Duncan, and C. Ke: Advanced polymer designs for direct-ink-write 3D printing. Chemistry 25, 10768 (2019).10.1002/chem.201900975 ↗
7. J. McCollum, A.M. Morey, and S.T. Iacono: Morphological and combustion study of interface effects in aluminized poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. Mater. Des. 134, 64–70 (2017).10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.028 ↗
8. C. Huang, G. Jian, J.B. DeLisio, H. Wang, and M.R. Zachariah: Electrospray deposition of energetic polymer nanocomposites with high mass particle loadings: A prelude to 3D printing of rocket motors. Adv. Eng. Mater. 17, 95 (2014).10.1002/adem.201400151 ↗
9. Z-X. Xu, C-X. Zhang, Z-X. He, and Q. Wang: Pyrolysis characteristic and kinetics of polyvinylidene fluoride with and without pine sawdust. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 123, 402 (2017).10.1016/j.jaap.2016.10.027 ↗
10. J. B. Delisio, C. Huang, G. Jian, M. R. Zachariah, and G. Young: Ignition and reaction analysis of high loading nano- Al/fluoropolymer energetic composite films. In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Harbor, Maryland (2014); pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-064610.2514/6.2014-0646 ↗
11. E. Suaste-Gómez, G. Rodríguez-Roldán, H. Reyes-Cruz, and O. Terán-Jiménez: Developing an ear prosthesis fabricated in polyvinylidene fluoride by a 3D printer with sensory intrinsic properties of pressure and temperature. Sensors 16, 1 (2016).10.3390/s16030332 ↗
12. H. Kim, F. Torres, Y. Wu, D. Villagran, Y. Lin, and T-L. Tseng: Integrated 3D printing and corona poling process of PVDF piezoelectric films for pressure sensor application. Smart Mater. Struct. 26, 085027 (2017).10.1088/1361-665X/aa738e ↗
13. J. Arranz-Andrés, N. Pulido-González, C. Fonseca, E. Pérez, and M.L. Cerrada: Lightweight nanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Al nanoparticles: Structural, thermal and mechanical characterization and EMI shielding capability. Mater. Chem. Phys. 142, 469 (2013).10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.06.038 ↗
14. K. Fu, Y. Yao, J. Dai, and L. Hu: Progress in 3D printing of carbon materials for energy-related applications. Adv. Mater. 29, 1603486 (2017).10.1002/adma.201603486 ↗
15. Y. Okabe, H. Murakami, N. Osaka, H. Saito, and T. Inoue: Morphology development and exclusion of noncrystalline polymer during crystallization in PVDF/PMMA blends. Polymer 51, 1494 (2010).10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.055 ↗
16. A. Gebrekrstos, M. Sharma, G. Madras, and S. Bose: New physical insights into shear history dependent polymorphism in poly(vinylidene fluoride). Cryst. Growth Des. 16, 2937 (2016).10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00282 ↗
17. Y. Bormashenko, R. Pogreb, O. Stanevsky, and E. Bormashenko: Vibrational spectrum of PVDF and its interpretation. Polym. Test. 23, 791 (2004).10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.04.001 ↗
18. I.S. Elashmawi and N.A. Hakeem: Effect of PMMA addition on characterization and morphology of PVDF. Polym. Eng. Sci. 48, 895 (2008).10.1002/pen.21032 ↗
19. M. Lee, T. Koo, S. Lee, B.H. Min, and J.H. Kim: Morphology and physical properties of nanocomposites based on poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Polym. Compos. 36, 1195 (2015).10.1002/pc.23022 ↗
20. L. Wang and S. Chen: Crystallization behaviors of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer blends. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 125, 215 (2016).10.1007/s10973-016-5364-3 ↗
21. W. Zhou, J. Zuo, and W. Ren: Thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of Al/PVDF composites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 43, 658 (2012).10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.11.024 ↗
22. J.W. Strutton, M.C. Knott, J.A. Bencomo, S.T. Iacono, J.E. Mates, J.R. Alston, and J.M. McCollum: Particle size effects in manipulating polymer decomposition to alter burn performance in aluminum/PVDF filaments. Polym. Int. (2020). In Review.10.1002/pi.6129 ↗
23. P.E. Rosenberg: Stability relations of aluminum hydroxy-fluoride hydrate, a ralstonite-like mineral, in the system AlF3–Al2O3–H2O–HF. Can. Mineral. 44, 125 (2006).10.2113/gscanmin.44.1.125 ↗
24. R.F. Geller and P.J. Yavorsky: Melting point of alpha-alumina. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 34, 395 (1945).10.6028/jres.034.021 ↗
25. C. Qiu and R. Metselaar: Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3. J. Alloys Compd. 216, 55 (1994).10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 ↗