Influence of Dy on the dielectric aging and thermally stimulated depolarization current in Dy and Mn-codoped BaTiO₃ multilayer ceramic capacitor

Dielectric aging of Dy and Mn-codoped BaTiO3multilayer ceramic capacitors was investigated. The increase of Dy concentration significantly decreased the aging rate and caused a disappearance of the thermally stimulated depolarization current peak associated with the defect dipole of Mn such as({ m}_{{ m{Ti}}}^{prime prime} { m{ - V}}_{ m{O}}^cdotcdot)or({ m}_{{ m{Ti}}}^prime { m{ - V}}_{ m{O}}^cdotcdot), which was observed in low Dy-concentration specimens. These results experimentally demonstrate that the rare earth element, Dy, decreases the concentration of the defect dipoles and thereby controls dielectric aging.