Stiffness Modifiers for Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams

1. Paulay, T., “The Coupling of Shear Walls,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1969, 462 pp.

2. Binney, J. R., “Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams,” master’s thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1972, 140 pp.

3. Paulay, T., and Binney, J. R., “Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams of Shear Walls,” Shear in Reinforced Concrete—Volumes 1 and 2, SP-42, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, Jan. 1974, pp. 579-598.

4. Santhakumar, A. R., “The Ductility of Coupled Shear Walls,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1974, 414 pp.

5. Álvarez, R.; Restrepo, J. I.; Panagiotou, M.; and Santhakumar, A. R., “Nonlinear Cyclic Truss Model for Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Coupled Structural Walls,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, V. 17, No. 12, Dec. 2019, pp. 6419-6436. doi: 10.1007/s10518-019-00639-810.1007/s10518-019-00639-8 ↗

6. Álvarez, R.; Restrepo, J. I.; Panagiotou, M.; and Godínez, S. E., “Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Coupled Structural Walls via the Beam-Truss Model,” Engineering Structures, V. 220, Oct. 2020, p. 111005. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.11100510.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111005 ↗

7. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2019, 624 pp.

8. Naish, D. A. B., “Testing and Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 2010, 251 pp.

9. “ETABS,” Computers and Structures, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA, 2020.

10. “SAP2000,” Computers and Structures, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA, 2020.

11. “Midas GEN,” MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea, 2019.

12. “RISA-3D,” RISA Tech, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA, 2020.

13. Cowper, G. R., “The Shear Coefficient in Timoshenko’s Beam Theory,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME, V. 33, No. 2, June 1966, pp. 335-340. doi: 10.1115/1.362504610.1115/1.3625046 ↗

14. ASCE/SEI 41-17, “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2017, 576 pp.

15. Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council, “An Alternative Procedure for Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region,” LATBSDC, Los Angeles, CA, 2020, 94 pp.

16. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, “Tall Buildings Initiative: Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings (Version 2.03),” PEER, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 2017, 147 pp.

17. Elwood, K. J.; Matamoros, A. B.; Wallace, J. W.; Lehman, D. E.; Heintz, J. A.; Mitchell, A. D.; Moore, M. A.; Valley, M. T.; Lowes, L. N.; Comartin, C. D.; and Moehle, J. P., “Update to ASCE/SEI 41 Concrete Provisions,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 23, No. 3, Aug. 2007, pp. 493-523. doi: 10.1193/1.275771410.1193/1.2757714 ↗

18. ASCE/SEI 41-06, “Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2007, 411 pp.

19. Aktan, A. E.; Bertero, V. V.; and Piazza, M., “Prediction of the Seismic Responses of R/C Frame-Coupled Wall Structures (UCB/EERC-82/12),” Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1982, 200 pp.

20. Paulay, T., and Priestley, M. J. N., Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1992, 768 pp.10.1002/9780470172841 ↗

21. Son Vu, N.; Li, B.; and Beyer, K., “Effective Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams,” Engineering Structures, V. 76, Oct. 2014, pp. 371-382. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.01410.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.014 ↗

22. Opabola, E. A., and Elwood, K. J., “Simplified Approaches for Estimating Yield Rotation of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Components,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 117, No. 4, July 2020, pp. 279-291.10.14359/51724667 ↗

23. Lu, Y., and Panagiotou, M., “Three-Dimensional Beam-Truss Model for Reinforced Concrete Walls and Slabs—Part 2: Modeling Approach and Validation for Slabs and Coupled Walls,” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, V. 45, No. 11, Sept. 2016, pp. 1707-1724. doi: 10.1002/eqe.272010.1002/eqe.2720 ↗

24. Park, R., and Paulay, T., Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1975, 800 pp.10.1002/9780470172834 ↗

25. Barbachyn, S. M.; Kurama, Y. C.; and Novak, L. C., “Analytical Evaluation of Diagonally Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams under Lateral Loads,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 4, July-Aug. 2012, pp. 497-507.10.14359/51683869 ↗

26. Paulay, T., “The Displacement Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Coupled Walls,” Engineering Structures, V. 24, No. 9, Sept. 2002, pp. 1165-1175. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00050-010.1016/S0141-0296(02)00050-0 ↗

27. Han, S. W.; Lee, C. S.; Shin, M.; and Lee, K., “Cyclic Performance of Precast Coupling Beams with Bundled Diagonal Reinforcement,” Engineering Structures, V. 93, June 2015, pp. 142-151. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.03410.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.034 ↗

28. Han, S. W.; Lee, C. S.; Han, C. H.; and Moon, K. H., “Cyclic Behaviour of Slender Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams with Various Amounts of Transverse Reinforcement,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 70, No. 13, July 2018, pp. 671-684. doi: 10.1680/jmacr.16.0042910.1680/jmacr.16.00429 ↗

29. Park, W.-S.; Kang, T. H.-K.; Kim, S.; and Yun, H.-D., “Seismic Performance of Moderately Short Concrete Coupling Beams with Various Reinforcements,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 117, No. 3, May 2020, pp. 141-154. doi: 10.14359/5172350110.14359/51723501 ↗

30. Poudel, A.; Lequesne, R. D.; and Lepage, A., “Diagonally Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams: Effects of Axial Restraint (SL Report 18-3),” The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., Lawrence, KS, Sept. 2018, 48 pp.

31. Ameen, S.; Lequesne, R. D.; and Lepage, A., “Diagonally-Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams with High-Strength Steel Bars (SM Report No. 138),” The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., Lawrence, KS, May 2020, 346 pp.

32. Barney, G. B.; Shiu, K. N.; Rabbat, B. G.; Fiorato, A. E.; Russell, H. G.; and Corley, W. G., “Behavior of Coupling Beams Under Load Reversals,” Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1980, pp. 1-22.

33. Fortney, P. J.; Rassati, G. A.; and Shahrooz, B. M., “Investigation on Effect of Transverse Reinforcement on Performance of Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2008, pp. 781-788.10.14359/20106 ↗

34. Lim, E.; Hwang, S.-J.; Cheng, C.-H.; and Lin, P.-Y., “Cyclic Tests of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beam with Intermediate Span-Depth Ratio,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 3, May-June 2016, pp. 515-524. doi: 10.14359/5168847310.14359/51688473 ↗

35. Weber-Kamin, A. S.; Lequesne, R. D.; and Lepage, A., “Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams with High-Strength Steel Bars (SM Report No. 143),” The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., Lawrence, KS, 2019, 602 pp.

36. Légeron, F., and Paultre, P., “Prediction of Modulus of Rupture of Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 97, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2000, pp. 193-200.10.14359/823 ↗

37. Tadros, M. K.; Al-Omaishi, N.; Seguirant, S. J.; and Gallt, J. G., “Prestress Losses in Pretensioned High-Strength Concrete Bridge Girders (NCHRP Report 496),” Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2003, 73 pp.

38. “MATLAB,” The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, 2019.

39. Tassios, T. P.; Moretti, M.; and Bezas, A., “On the Behavior and Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams of Shear Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 93, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1996, pp. 711-720.10.14359/518 ↗

40. Ishikawa, Y., and Kimura, H., “Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of R/C Diagonally Reinforced Short Beams,” Proceedings, Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico, June 23-28 1996, 428 pp.

41. Galano, L., and Vignoli, A., “Seismic Behavior of Short Coupling Beams with Different Reinforcement Layouts,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 97, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2000, pp. 876-885.10.14359/9633 ↗

42. Lim, E.; Hwang, S.-J.; Wang, T.-W.; and Chang, Y.-H., “An Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Deep Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2016, pp. 217-226. doi: 10.14359/5168793910.14359/51687939 ↗

43. Cheng, M.-Y.; Gitomarsono, J.; and Zeng, H.-Y., “Cyclic Test of Diagonally Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beam with Different Shear Demand,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 116, No. 6, Nov. 2019, pp. 241-250. doi: 10.14359/517180110.14359/51718010 ↗