Thermodynamic stability of tetragonal zirconia nanocrystallites

The thermodynamic stability of tetragonal (t-) ZrO₂nanocrystallites below the bulk stability temperature 1200 °C was studied through specially synthesized crystallites that exhibited an extremely slow coarsening rate. The nanocrystallites were mechanically transformed to the monoclinic (m-) structure, and, because the crystallite size was kept below approximately 20 nm, thet-structure was completely recovered solely by thermal treatments between 900 and 1100 °C. These results gave strong evidence to the notion that, for sufficiently small crystallite size, nanocrystallinet-ZrO₂is not just kinetically metastable but can be truly thermodynamically more stable than thempolymorph in air below 1200 °C.