Optimizing solution blow spinning parameters for enhanced porous core–shell fiber production

Abstract Optimization of both process and solution parameters is required to facilitate the simultaneous formation of the core–shell fiber components. Here we comprehensively investigated the fabrication of polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyurethane (PVP/PU) core–shell fibers using the solution blow spinning (SBS). We examined how the solvent type and polymer concentration affect polymer solubility and solution spinnability. Additionally, we explored how variations in polymer solution and process parameters influence the morphology and physical properties of core–shell fibers. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations and, subsequently, viscosities of the core and shell polymers determine the core–shell fibers’ morphology. Notably, we successfully produced core–shell fibers featuring a porous PU shell and a water-soluble PVP core. Furthermore, we immobilized model substances in the fiber’s core and determined their release profiles, confirming the potential for controlled release. This innovative approach permits further immobilization of drugs/biomolecules within a stable PVP matrix, enabling their controlled release through the porous PU shell. Graphical abstract