Effect of hollow glass microsphere on the processing and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites prepared by selective laser sintering
Source abstract
Abstract
In this article, flame retarding PP composite powder composed of commercial pure PP powder, intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and hollow glass microsphere (HGM) suitable for SLS was prepared successfully by mechanical blending, and the corresponding sintering process and flame retardancy were studied. The results showed that the HGM can improve the flowability of PP composite powder effectively and enlarged the sintering window, decreasing the warping phenomenon during printing. The flame-retardant tests showed that there was a synergistic flame-retardant effect between HGM and IFR. The LOI value and UL-94 grade reached 32.1 ± 0.5% and V-0 with the addition of 10 wt% HGM. SEM results showed that HGM improved the quality of char layer. Moreover, HGM could increase thermal stability and decreased the density to 0.712 g/cm3, the tensile strength and the elongation at break could reach 16.7 ± 0.2Mpa and 7.6 ± 0.1%, respectively.Graphical abstractA new kind of PP composite powder with high flame retardancy suitable for selective laser sintering (SLS) was prepared successfully by mechanical blending. Hollow glass microsphere (HGM) can effectively enhance the flame retardancy and tensile strength.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Flame retardant materials and properties · Photopolymerization techniques and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (32)
Show source-provided references
1. S.C. Ligon, R. Liska, J. Stampfl et al., Polymers for 3D printing and customized additive manufacturing[J]. Chem. Rev. 117(15), 10212–10290 (2017)10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 ↗
2. T.D. Ngo, A. Kashani, G. Imbalzano et al., Additive manufacturing (3D printing): a review of materials, methods, applications and challenges[J]. Compos. B Eng. 143, 172–196 (2018)10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012 ↗
3. P. Parandoush, D. Lin, A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites[J]. Compos. Struct. 182, 36–53 (2017)10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.088 ↗
4. J.P. Kruth, X. Wang, T. Laoui et al., Lasers and materials in selective laser sintering[J]. Assem. Autom. 23(4), 357–371 (2003)10.1108/01445150310698652 ↗
5. X. Wang, M. Jiang, Z. Zhou et al., 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: a review and prospective[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng. 110, 442–458 (2017)10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034 ↗
6. S.K. Tiwari, S. Pande, S.M. Bobade et al., Assessment of mechanical properties and flammability of magnesium oxide/PA12 composite material for SLS process[J]. Rapid Prototyp. J. 25(1), 176–186 (2019)10.1108/RPJ-07-2017-0145 ↗
7. M. Schmid, A. Amado, K. Wegener, Materials perspective of polymers for additive manufacturing with selective laser sintering[J]. J. Mater. Res. 29(17), 1824–1832 (2014)10.1557/jmr.2014.138 ↗
8. S. Yuan, F. Shen, C.K. Chua et al., Polymeric composites for powder-based additive manufacturing: materials and applications[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci. 91, 141–168 (2019)10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.11.001 ↗
9. D.-A. Tuerk, F. Brenni, M. Zogg et al., Mechanical characterization of 3D printed polymers for fiber reinforced polymers processing[J]. Mater. Des. 118, 256–265 (2017)10.1016/j.matdes.2017.01.050 ↗
10. Schmid M, Amado A, Wegener K. Polymer powders for selective laser sintering (SLS)[C]. 30th International conference of the polymer-processing-society (PPS), 2014.10.1063/1.4918516 ↗
11. J.F. Christ, N. Aliheidari, A. Ameli et al., 3D printed highly elastic strain sensors of multiwalled carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites[J]. Mater. Des. 131, 394–401 (2017)10.1016/j.matdes.2017.06.011 ↗
12. L. Verbelen, S. Dadbakhsh, M. Van Den Eynde et al., Analysis of the material properties involved in laser sintering of thermoplastic polyurethane[J]. Addit. Manuf. 15, 12–19 (2017)
13. W. Zhu, C. Yan, Y. Shi et al., Investigation into mechanical and microstructural properties of polypropylene manufactured by selective laser sintering in comparison with injection molding counterparts[J]. Mater. Des. 82, 37–45 (2015)10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.043 ↗
14. Z. Zeng, X. Deng, J. Cui et al., Improvement on selective laser sintering and post-processing of polystyrene[J]. Polymers (Basel) 11(6), 1 (2019)10.3390/polym11060956 ↗
15. X. Tian, T. Liu, C. Yang et al., Interface and performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. 88, 198–205 (2016)10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.032 ↗
16. R.-J. Wang, L. Wang, L. Zhao et al., Influence of process parameters on part shrinkage in SLS[J]. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 33(5–6), 498–504 (2007)10.1007/s00170-006-0490-x ↗
17. S. Zhang, A.R. Horrocks, A review of flame retardant polypropylene fibres[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci. 28(11), 1517–1538 (2003)10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.09.001 ↗
18. A.V. Borille, J.D.O. Gomes, D. Lopes, Geometrical analysis and tensile behaviour of parts manufactured with flame retardant polymers by additive manufacturing[J]. Rapid Prototyp. J. 23(1), 169–180 (2017)10.1108/RPJ-09-2015-0130 ↗
19. H. Vahabi, F. Laoutid, M. Mehrpouya et al., Flame retardant polymer materials: an update and the future for 3D printing developments[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Rep. 144, 100604 (2021)10.1016/j.mser.2020.100604 ↗
20. M. Batistella, A. Regazzi, M.F. Pucci et al., Selective laser sintering of polyamide 12/flame retardant compositions[J]. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 181, 109318 (2020)10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109318 ↗
21. K. Schneider, K. Wudy, D. Drummer, Flame-retardant polyamide powder for laser sintering: powder characterization, processing behavior and component properties[J]. Polymers (Basel) 12(8), 1697 (2020)10.3390/polym12081697 ↗
22. M.M.H. Mostafa, D. Ye, L. Yu et al., Processing and properties of hollow glass microsphere particulate-filled PA2200 composites produced by selective laser sintering[J]. E3s Web Conf. 261, 02016 (2021)10.1051/e3sconf/202126102016 ↗
23. B. Özbay, İE. Serhatlı, Processing and characterization of hollow glass-filled polyamide 12 composites by selective laser sintering method[J]. Mater. Technol. 37, 1–11 (2020)
24. J. Zhuo, L. Xie, G. Liu et al., The synergistic effect of hollow glass microsphere in intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin[J]. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 129(1), 357–366 (2017)10.1007/s10973-017-6142-6 ↗
25. B.-H. Kang, X.-Y. Yang, X. Lu, Effect of hollow glass microsphere on the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites[J]. Polym. Bull. 77(8), 4307–4324 (2019)10.1007/s00289-019-02953-2 ↗
26. L.J. Tan, W. Zhu, K. Sagar et al., Comparative study on the selective laser sintering of polypropylene homopolymer and copolymer: processability, crystallization kinetics, crystal phases and mechanical properties[J]. Add. Manuf. 37, 101610 (2021)
27. B. Zhang, L. Dembinski, C. Coddet, The study of the laser parameters and environment variables effect on mechanical properties of high compact parts elaborated by selective laser melting 316L powder[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. 584, 21–31 (2013)10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.055 ↗
28. J. Landauer, M. Kuhn, D.S. Nasato et al., Particle shape matters—using 3D printed particles to investigate fundamental particle and packing properties[J]. Powder Technol. 361, 711–718 (2020)10.1016/j.powtec.2019.11.051 ↗
29. H. Zarringhalam, N. Hopkinson, N.F. Kamperman et al., Effects of processing on microstructure and properties of SLS Nylon 12[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. 435, 172–180 (2006)10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.084 ↗
30. R. Kleijnen, M. Schmid, K. Wegener, Production and processing of a spherical polybutylene terephthalate powder for laser sintering[J]. Appl. Sci. 9(7), 1308 (2019)10.3390/app9071308 ↗
31. H. Chung, S. Das, Processing and properties of glass bead particulate-filled functionally graded Nylon-11 composites produced by selective laser sintering[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. 437(2), 226–234 (2006)10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.112 ↗
32. Z.-B. Zhao, J.-D. Liu, X.-Y. Du et al., Fabrication of silver nanoparticles/copper nanoparticles jointly decorated nitride flakes to improve the thermal conductivity of polymer composites[J]. Colloids Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 635, 128104 (2022)10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128104 ↗