The improvement of electrochemical performance of spinel-type LiMn2O4 by zinc doping via solid-state method
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, LiMn2-xZnxO4(x= 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) spinel compounds with varying zinc doping levels were successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. A comprehensive investigation using ICP, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, electrochemical testing, and theoretical calculations revealed the effects of Zn doping on the material’s structure and performance. The results confirmed that Zn was effectively incorporated into the LiMn2O4lattice, enlarging the unit cell and reducing Mn3+content, which mitigated the Jahn–Teller effect. Among the doped samples, LiMn1.98Zn0.02O4(LMO-0.02Zn) exhibited the best electrochemical performance. It maintained a capacity retention of 85.01% after 300 cycles at 1C, with a specific capacity reaching 97.94 mAh·g−1. In contrast, the undoped LiMn2O4merely exhibited a capacity retention of 69.26%. DFT calculations indicated that Zn doping reduced the band gap, increased electron transition probability, and widened the Li+diffusion channels by elongating the Li–O bond.Graphical AbstractComparison of the changes in discharge specific capacity during 300 cycles of half-cells of pristine lithium manganate (LMO) and lithium manganate with optimally proportioned Zn-doping (LMO-0.02Zn) at 25℃ and 1℃, and comparison of the changes in the calculated density of states results of the two.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Semiconductor materials and interfaces
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