Nucleation and transformation of Zr-bearing dispersoids in Al–Mg–Si 6xxx alloys
Source abstract
Abstract
The nucleation and transformation of L12-Al3Zr and DO22-(Al,Si)3Zr dispersoids in Al–Mg–Si 6xxx alloys were studied using interrupted quenching and transmission electron microscopy. Spherical L12-Al3Zr dispersoids precipitated preferentially along 〈001〉Al in early stages of nucleation, coinciding with the same sites and orientation of β′ precipitates that dissolved during heating. Two nucleation mechanisms were suggested to explain this preferable precipitation. At a relatively low heat treatment temperature (400 °C), the L12-Al3Zr dispersoids were predominant, and no transformation occurred. With further increase in temperature to 550 °C, the L12-Al3Zr dispersoids started to transform into DO22-(Al,Si)3Zr. At high temperatures, elongated DO22-(Al,Si)3Zr dispersoids, which were formed through the transformation of pre-existing L12 dispersoids rather than the direct precipitation from the supersaturated aluminum solid solution, became the dominant phase.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Metallurgy and Material Forming
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. K. Chen, H.-C. Fang, Z. Zhang, X. Chen, G. Liu, Effect of Yb, Cr and Zr additions on recrystallization and corrosion resistance of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 497(1–2), 426 (2008).10.1016/j.msea.2008.07.028 ↗
2. Y. Li, B. Lu, W. Yu, J. Fu, G. Xu, Z. Wang, Two-stage homogenization of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy processed by twin-roll casting to improve L12 Al3Zr precipitation, recrystallization resistance, and performance. J. Alloys Compd. 882, 160789 (2021)10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160789 ↗
3. M.-X. Zhang, C. Wang, S.-Y. Zhang, X. Liu, X. Wang, M.-W. Ren, H.-Y. Wang, Enhanced aging precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of 6022 Al–Mg–Si alloy with Zr addition. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 840, 142957 (2022).10.1016/j.msea.2022.142957 ↗
4. S. Griffiths, J.R. Croteau, M.D. Rossell, R. Erni, A. De Luca, N.Q. Vo, D.C. Dunand, C. Leinenbach, Coarsening- and creep resistance of precipitation-strengthened Al–Mg–Zr alloys processed by selective laser melting. Acta Mater. 188, 192 (2020)10.1016/j.actamat.2020.02.008 ↗
5. L. Zhou, H. Hyer, J. Chang, A. Mehta, T. Huynh, Y. Yang, Y. Sohn, Microstructure, mechanical performance, and corrosion behavior of additively manufactured aluminum alloy 5083 with 0.7 and 1.0 wt% Zr addition. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 823, 141679 (2021).10.1016/j.msea.2021.141679 ↗
6. E. Clouet, J.M. Sanchez, C. Sigli, First-principles study of the solubility of Zr in Al. Phys. Rev. B. 65(9), 094105 (2002)10.1103/PhysRevB.65.094105 ↗
7. H. Li, J. Bin, J. Liu, Z. Gao, X. Lu, Precipitation evolution and coarsening resistance at 400°C of Al microalloyed with Zr and Er. Scr. Mater. 67(1), 73 (2012)10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.03.026 ↗
8. E. Nes, Precipitation of the metastable cubic Al3Zr-phase in subperitectic Al-Zr alloys. Acta Metall. 20(4), 499 (1972)10.1016/0001-6160(72)90005-3 ↗
9. J.D. Robson, P.B. Prangnell, Dispersoid precipitation and process modelling in zirconium containing commercial aluminium alloys. Acta Mater. 49(4), 599 (2001)10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00351-7 ↗
10. Q. Liu, G. Fan, Z. Tan, Z. Li, D. Zhang, J. Wang, H. Zhang, Precipitation of Al3Zr by two-step homogenization and its effect on the recrystallization and mechanical property in 2195 Al–Cu–Li alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 821, 141637 (2021).10.1016/j.msea.2021.141637 ↗
11. Z.-H. Jia, J.-P. Couzinié, N. Cherdoudi, I. Guillot, L. Arnberg, P. Åsholt, S. Brusethaug, B. Barlas, D. Massinon, Precipitation behaviour of Al3Zr precipitate in Al–Cu–Zr and Al–Cu–Zr–Ti–V alloys. Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc. China 22(8), 1860 (2012)10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61398-8 ↗
12. A.V. Mikhaylovskaya, A.G. Mochugovskiy, V.S. Levchenko, N.Y. Tabachkova, W. Mufalo, V.K. Portnoy, Precipitation behavior of L12 Al3Zr phase in Al-Mg-Zr alloy. Mater. Charact. 139, 30 (2018)10.1016/j.matchar.2018.02.030 ↗
13. S.H. Wu, H. Xue, C. Yang, P.M. Cheng, P. Zhang, J. Kuang, J.Y. Zhang, G. Liu, J. Sun, Effect of Si addition on the precipitation and mechanical/electrical properties of dilute Al–Zr-Sc alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 812, 141150 (2021).10.1016/j.msea.2021.141150 ↗
14. N.Q. Vo, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Role of silicon in the precipitation kinetics of dilute Al-Sc-Er-Zr alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 677, 485 (2016).10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.065 ↗
15. T.-A. Pan, Y.-C. Tzeng, H.-Y. Bor, K.-H. Liu, S.-L. Lee, Effects of the coherency of Al3Zr on the microstructures and quench sensitivity of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. Mater. Today Commun. 28, 102611 (2021)10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102611 ↗
16. K.E. Knipling, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Criteria for developing castable, creep-resistant aluminum-based alloys–a review. Z. Met. 97(3), 246 (2006)
17. L. Litynska, D. Abou-Ras, G. Kostorz, J. Dutkiewicz, TEM and HREM study of Al3Zr precipitates in an Al-Mg-Si-Zr alloy. J Microsc. 223(Pt 3), 182 (2006)10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01615.x ↗
18. F. Schmid, D. Gehringer, T. Kremmer, L. Cattini, P.J. Uggowitzer, D. Holec, S. Pogatscher, Stabilization of Al3Zr allotropes in dilute aluminum alloys via the addition of ternary elements. Acta Mater. 21, 101321 (2022)
19. A. Elasheri, E.M. Elgallad, N. Parson, X.G. Chen, Evolution of Zr-bearing dispersoids during homogenization and their effects on hot deformation and recrystallization resistance in Al-0.8%Mg-1.0%Si alloy. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 30(10), 7851 (2021).10.1007/s11665-021-05917-8 ↗
20. S.J. Andersen, H.W. Zandbergen, J. Jansen, C. TrÆholt, U. Tundal, O. Reiso, The crystal structure of the β″ phase in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 46(9), 3283 (1998)10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00493-X ↗
21. W. Yang, M. Wang, R. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X. Sheng, The diffraction patterns from β ″precipitates in 12 orientations in Al–Mg–Si alloy. Scr. Mater. 62(9), 705 (2010)10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.01.039 ↗
22. R.S. Yassar, D.P. Field, H. Weiland, Transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies on the precipitation sequence in an Al–Mg–Si alloy: AA6022. J. Mater. Res. 20(10), 2705 (2005)10.1557/JMR.2005.0330 ↗
23. R. Vissers, M.V. van Huis, J. Jansen, H. Zandbergen, C. Marioara, S. Andersen, The crystal structure of the β′ phase in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 55(11), 3815 (2007).10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.032 ↗
24. G.A. Edwards, K. Stiller, G.L. Dunlop, M.J. Couper, The precipitation sequence in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 46(11), 3893 (1998)10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00059-7 ↗
25. M.J. Starink, A.M. Zahra, β′ and β precipitation in an Al–Mg alloy studied by DSC and TEM. Acta Mater. 46(10), 3381 (1998)10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00053-6 ↗
26. Y. Ohmori, L.C. Doan, Y. Matsuura, S. Kobayashi, K. Nakai, Morphology and crystallography of β-Mg2Si precipitation in Al-Mg-Si alloys. Mater. Trans. 42(12), 2576 (2001)10.2320/matertrans.42.2576 ↗
27. N. Belov, T. Akopyan, N. Korotkova, M. Murashkin, V. Timofeev, A. Fortuna, Structure and properties of Ca and Zr containing heat resistant wire aluminum alloy manufactured by electromagnetic casting. Metals 11(2), 236 (2021)10.3390/met11020236 ↗
28. Z. Li, Z. Zhang, X.G. Chen, Effect of metastable Mg2Si and dislocations on α-Al(MnFe)Si dispersoid formation in Al-Mn-Mg 3xxx alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 49(11), 5799 (2018)10.1007/s11661-018-4852-4 ↗
29. C. Booth-Morrison, Z. Mao, M. Diaz, D.C. Dunand, C. Wolverton, D.N. Seidman, Role of silicon in accelerating the nucleation of Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates in dilute Al–Sc–Zr alloys. Acta Mater. 60(12), 4740 (2012)10.1016/j.actamat.2012.05.036 ↗
30. T. Sato, A. Kamio, G.W. Lorimer, Effects of Si and Ti additions on the nucleation and phase stability of the L12-type Al3Zr phase in Al-Zr alloys. Mater. Sci. Forum. 217–222, 895 (1996)10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.217-222.895 ↗
31. N.Q. Vo, D.C. Dunand, D.N. Seidman, Improving aging and creep resistance in a dilute Al–Sc alloy by microalloying with Si Zr and Er. Acta Mater. 63, 73 (2014)10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.008 ↗
32. P. Shower, J. Morris, D. Shin, B. Radhakrishnan, J. Poplawsky, A. Shyam, Mechanisms for stabilizing θ′(Al2Cu) precipitates at elevated temperatures investigated with phase field modeling. Acta Mater. 6, 100335 (2019)
33. L. Jiang, B. Rouxel, T. Langan, T. Dorin, Coupled segregation mechanisms of Sc, Zr and Mn at θ′ interfaces enhances the strength and thermal stability of Al-Cu alloys. Acta Mater. 206, 116634 (2021)10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116634 ↗
34. J.D. Poplawsky, B.K. Milligan, L.F. Allard, D. Shin, P. Shower, M.F. Chisholm, A. Shyam, The synergistic role of Mn and Zr/Ti in producing θ′/L12 co-precipitates in Al-Cu alloys. Acta Mater. 194, 577 (2020)10.1016/j.actamat.2020.05.043 ↗
35. Z. Jia, G. Hu, B. Forbord, J.K. Solberg, Effect of homogenization and alloying elements on recrystallization resistance of Al–Zr–Mn alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 444(1–2), 284 (2007).10.1016/j.msea.2006.08.097 ↗
36. A. Elasheri, E.M. Elgallad, N. Parson and X.G. Chen, Effect of Si level on the evolution of Zr‐bearing dispersoids and the related hot deformation and recrystallization behaviors in Al–Si–Mg 6xxx alloys. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2101606 (2022).10.1002/adem.202101606 ↗
37. F. Kahrıman, M. Zeren, Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al-0.80Mg-0.85Si-0.3Zr alloy. Archiv. Foundry Eng. 17, 73 (2017).10.1515/afe-2017-0133 ↗
38. Y. Meng, J. Cui, Z. Zhao, L. He, Effect of Zr on microstructures and mechanical properties of an AlMgSiCuCr alloy prepared by low frequency electromagnetic casting. Mater. Charact. 92, 138 (2014)10.1016/j.matchar.2014.02.013 ↗
39. L. Ding, M. Zhao, Z. Jia, Y. Weng, K. Xiang, X. Wu, Q. Liu, On the formation of anti-phase boundaries and interphase boundaries in Al3Zr precipitates of Al-Cu-Zr alloy studied at atomic scale. J. Alloys Compd. 887, 161442 (2021)10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161442 ↗