Additive manufacturing of 3D batteries: a perspective
Source abstract
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of battery materials with complex geometries. When battery components can take arbitrary form factors, opportunities emerge for creating electrode configurations with improved power density, reduced weight, and excellent mechanical stability. We provide a perspective on recent progress in AM of 3D batteries, discussing relevant techniques, materials, designs, and applications. We highlight advantages and limitations associated with battery electrodes fabricated by direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, vat photopolymerization, and selective laser sintering. Additionally, we discuss optimal geometries and compatible materials for anode, cathode, and electrolyte of fully 3D batteries. To increase transparency and utility in the field, we suggest a standardized set of reporting metrics for 3D batteries. Finally, we identify key opportunities for implementation where 3D batteries can provide critical advantages such as shape conformability and the ability to serve as multifunctional or structural components.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Advancements in Battery Materials · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. B. Dunn, H. Kamath, J.M. Tarascon, Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science (80-) 334(6058), 928 (2011)10.1126/science.1212741 ↗
2. Z.P. Cano, D. Banham, S. Ye, A. Hintennach, J. Lu, M. Fowler, Z. Chen, Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets. Nat. Energy 3(4), 279 (2018)10.1038/s41560-018-0108-1 ↗
3. A. Ambrosi, M. Pumera, 3D-printing technologies for electrochemical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45(10), 2740 (2016)10.1039/C5CS00714C ↗
4. Y. Pang, Y. Cao, Y. Chu, M. Liu, K. Snyder, D. MacKenzie, C. Cao, Additive Manufacturing of Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(1), 1906244 (2020)10.1002/adfm.201906244 ↗
5. P. Chang, H. Mei, S. Zhou, K.G. Dassios, L. Cheng, 3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(9), 4230 (2019)10.1039/C8TA11860D ↗
6. K. Sun, T.S. Wei, B.Y. Ahn, J.Y. Seo, S.J. Dillon, J.A. Lewis, 3D printing of interdigitated Li-ion microbattery architectures. Adv. Mater. 25(33), 4539 (2013)10.1002/adma.201301036 ↗
7. K. Fu, Y. Wang, C. Yan, Y. Yao, Y. Chen, J. Dai, S. Lacey, Y. Wang, J. Wan, T. Li, Z. Wang, Y. Xu, L. Hu, Graphene oxide-based electrode inks for 3D-printed lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 28(13), 2587 (2016)10.1002/adma.201505391 ↗
8. J. Ding, K. Shen, Z. Du, B. Li, S. Yang, 3D-printed hierarchical porous frameworks for sodium storage. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(48), 41871 (2017)10.1021/acsami.7b12892 ↗
9. J. Li, X. Liang, F. Liou, J. Park, Macro-/micro-controlled 3D lithium-ion batteries via additive manufacturing and electric field processing. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1846 (2018)10.1038/s41598-018-20329-w ↗
10. C. Liu, F. Xu, X. Cheng, J. Tong, Y. Liu, Z. Chen, C. Lao, J. Ma, Comparative study on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 cathodes fabricated by low temperature 3D printing, direct ink writing and conventional roller coating process. Ceram. Int. 45(11), 14188 (2019)10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.04.124 ↗
11. K. Shen, H. Mei, B. Li, J. Ding, S. Yang, 3D printing sulfur copolymer-graphene architectures for Li-S batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(4), 1701527 (2018)10.1002/aenm.201701527 ↗
12. X. Gao, Q. Sun, X. Yang, J. Liang, A. Koo, W. Li, J. Liang, J. Wang, R. Li, F.B. Holness, A.D. Price, S. Yang, T.-K. Sham, X. Sun, Toward a remarkable Li-S battery via 3D printing. Nano Energy 56, 595 (2019)10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.001 ↗
13. C. Chen, J. Jiang, W. He, W. Lei, Q. Hao, X. Zhang, 3D printed high-loading lithium-sulfur battery toward wearable energy storage. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(10), 1909469 (2020)10.1002/adfm.201909469 ↗
14. T.S. Wei, B.Y. Ahn, J. Grotto, J.A. Lewis, 3D printing of customized Li-ion batteries with thick electrodes. Adv. Mater. 30(16), 1 (2018)10.1002/adma.201703027 ↗
15. K. Shen, Z. Cao, Y. Shi, Y. Zhang, B. Li, S. Yang, 3D printing lithium salt towards dendrite-free lithium anodes. Energy Storage Mater. 35, 108 (2021)10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.022 ↗
16. S. Moser, C. Kenel, L.A. Wehner, R. Spolenak, D.C. Dunand, 3D ink-printed, sintered porous silicon scaffolds for battery applications. J. Power Sources 507, 230298 (2021)10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230298 ↗
17. H. Ragones, S. Menkin, Y. Kamir, A. Gladkikh, T. Mukra, G. Kosa, D. Golodnitsky, Towards smart free form-factor 3D printable batteries. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2(7), 1542 (2018)10.1039/C8SE00122G ↗
18. A. Maurel, S. Grugeon, B. Fleutot, M. Courty, K. Prashantha, H. Tortajada, M. Armand, S. Panier, L. Dupont, Three-dimensional printing of a LiFePO4/graphite battery cell via fused deposition modeling. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 1 (2019)10.1038/s41598-019-54518-y ↗
19. H. Ragones, A. Vinegrad, G. Ardel, M. Goor, Y. Kamir, M.M. Dorfman, A. Gladkikh, D. Golodnitsky, On the road to a multi-coaxial-cable battery: development of a novel 3D-printed composite solid electrolyte. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167(7), 070503 (2020)10.1149/2.0032007JES ↗
20. C. Reyes, R. Somogyi, S. Niu, M.A. Cruz, F. Yang, M.J. Catenacci, C.P. Rhodes, B.J. Wiley, Three-dimensional printing of a complete lithium ion battery with fused filament fabrication. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1(10), 5268 (2018)
21. J. F. Valera-Jiménez, J. C. Pérez-Flores, M. Castro-García, and J. Canales-Vázquez: Development of full ceramic electrodes for lithium-ion batteries via desktop-fused filament fabrication and further sintering. Appl. Mater. Today 25 (2021).10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101243 ↗
22. D.W. Yee, M.A. Citrin, Z.W. Taylor, M.A. Saccone, V.L. Tovmasyan, J.R. Greer, Hydrogel-based additive manufacturing of lithium cobalt oxide. Adv. Mater. Technol. 6(2), 2000791 (2021)10.1002/admt.202000791 ↗
23. M.A. Saccone, J.R. Greer, Understanding and mitigating mechanical degradation in lithium–sulfur batteries: additive manufacturing of Li2S composites and nanomechanical particle compressions. J. Mater. Res. 36(18), 3656 (2021)10.1557/s43578-021-00182-w ↗
24. K. Narita, M.A. Citrin, H. Yang, X. Xia, J.R. Greer, 3D architected carbon electrodes for energy storage. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(5), 1 (2021)
25. Q. Chen, R. Xu, Z. He, K. Zhao, L. Pan, Printing 3D gel polymer electrolyte in lithium-ion microbattery using stereolithography. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164(9), A1852 (2017)10.1149/2.0651709jes ↗
26. K.A. Acord, A.D. Dupuy, U. Scipioni Bertoli, B. Zheng, W.C. West, Q.N. Chen, A.A. Shapiro, J.M. Schoenung, Morphology, microstructure, and phase states in selective laser sintered lithium ion battery cathodes. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 288, 116827 (2021)10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116827 ↗
27. A. Maurel, M. Haukka, E. MacDonald, L. Kivijärvi, E. Lahtinen, H. Kim, M. Armand, A. Cayla, A. Jamali, S. Grugeon, L. Dupont, S. Panier, Considering lithium-ion battery 3D-printing via thermoplastic material extrusion and polymer powder bed fusion. Addit. Manuf. 37 (2021).10.1016/j.addma.2020.101651 ↗
28. G.M. Gratson, J.A. Lewis, Phase Behavior and Rheological Properties of Polyelectrolyte Inks for Direct-Write Assembly. No. 19, 457 (2005).10.1021/la048228d ↗
29. A. Maurel, S. Grugeon, M. Armand, B. Fleutot, M. Courty, K. Prashantha, C. Davoisne, H. Tortajada, S. Panier, and L. Dupont: Overview on Lithium-Ion Battery 3D-Printing By Means of Material Extrusion. ECS Meet. Abstr. MA2020–02(69), 3690 (2020).10.1149/MA2020-02693690mtgabs ↗
30. A. Maurel, A.C. Martinez, S. Grugeon, S. Panier, L. Dupont, P. Cortes, C.G. Sherrard, I. Small, S.T. Sreenivasan, E. MacDonald, Toward high resolution 3D printing of shape-conformable batteries via vat photopolymerization: review and perspective. IEEE Access 9, 140654 (2021)10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3119533 ↗
31. D.A. Walker, J.L. Hedrick, C.A. Mirkin, Rapid, large-volume, thermally controlled 3D printing using a mobile liquid interface. Science (80-) 366(6463), 360 (2019)10.1126/science.aax1562 ↗
32. D.W. Yee, J.R. Greer, Three-dimensional chemical reactors: in situ materials synthesis to advance vat photopolymerization. Polym. Int. 70(7), 964 (2021)10.1002/pi.6165 ↗
33. E. Cohen, S. Menkin, M. Lifshits, Y. Kamir, A. Gladkich, G. Kosa, D. Golodnitsky, Novel rechargeable 3D-microbatteries on 3D-printed-polymer substrates: Feasibility study. Electrochim. Acta 265(2018), 690 (2018)10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.197 ↗
34. J. Sha, Y. Li, R. Villegas Salvatierra, T. Wang, P. Dong, Y. Ji, S.K. Lee, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, R.H. Smith, P.M. Ajayan, J. Lou, N. Zhao, J.M. Tour, Three-dimensional printed graphene foams. ACS Nano 11(7), 6860 (2017)10.1021/acsnano.7b01987 ↗
35. A.K. Stephan, Standardized battery reporting guidelines. Joule 5(1), 1 (2021)10.1016/j.joule.2020.12.026 ↗
36. J.W. Long, B. Dunn, D.R. Rolison, H.S. White, Three-dimensional battery architectures. Chem. Rev. 104(10), 4463 (2004)10.1021/cr020740l ↗
37. K. Miyamoto, T. Sasaki, T. Nishi, Y. Itou, K. Takechi, 3D-microbattery architectural design optimization using automatic geometry generator and transmission-line model. iScience 23(7), 101317 (2020)10.1016/j.isci.2020.101317 ↗
38. R.W. Hart, H.S. White, B. Dunn, D.R. Rolison, 3-D microbatteries. Electrochem. commun. 5(2), 120 (2003)10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00556-8 ↗
39. Y. Zhu, J. Li, M.S. Saleh, H. Pham, T.P. Plateau, R. Panat, J. Park, Towards high-performance Li-ion batteries via optimized three-dimensional micro-lattice electrode architectures. J. Power Sources 476, 228593 (2020)10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228593 ↗
40. A.A. Talin, D. Ruzmetov, A. Kolmakov, K. McKelvey, N. Ware, F. El Gabaly, B. Dunn, H.S. White, Fabrication, testing, and simulation of all-solid-state three-dimensional Li-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(47), 32385 (2016)10.1021/acsami.6b12244 ↗
41. B. Trembacki, E. Duoss, G. Oxberry, M. Stadermann, J. Murthy, Mesoscale electrochemical performance simulation of 3D interpenetrating lithium-ion battery electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 166(6), A923 (2019)10.1149/2.0031906jes ↗
42. M. Kotobuki, Y. Suzuki, H. Munakata, K. Kanamura, Y. Sato, K. Yamamoto, T. Yoshida, Effect of sol composition on solid electrode/solid electrolyte interface for all-solid-state lithium ion battery. Electrochim. Acta 56(3), 1023 (2011)10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.008 ↗
43. M.S. Saleh, J. Li, J. Park, R. Panat, 3D printed hierarchically-porous microlattice electrode materials for exceptionally high specific capacity and areal capacity lithium ion batteries. Addit. Manuf. 23, 70 (2018)
44. Q. Yun, Y.-B. He, W. Lv, Y. Zhao, B. Li, F. Kang, Q.-H. Yang, Chemical dealloying derived 3D porous current collector for Li metal anodes. Adv. Mater. 28(32), 6932 (2016)10.1002/adma.201601409 ↗
45. Y. Zhang, W. Luo, C. Wang, Y. Li, C. Chen, J. Song, J. Dai, E.M. Hitz, S. Xu, C. Yang, Y. Wang, L. Hu, High-capacity, low-tortuosity, and channel-guided lithium metal anode. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114(14), 3584 (2017)10.1073/pnas.1618871114 ↗
46. R. Weber, M. Genovese, A.J. Louli, S. Hames, C. Martin, I.G. Hill, J.R. Dahn, Long cycle life and dendrite-free lithium morphology in anode-free lithium pouch cells enabled by a dual-salt liquid electrolyte. Nat. Energy 4(8), 683 (2019)10.1038/s41560-019-0428-9 ↗
47. M. Shaibani, M.S. Mirshekarloo, R. Singh, C.D. Easton, M.C. Dilusha Cooray, N. Eshraghi, T. Abendroth, S. Dörfler, H. Althues, S. Kaskel, A.F. Hollenkamp, M.R. Hill, M. Majumder, Expansion-tolerant architectures for stable cycling of ultrahigh-loading sulfur cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries. Sci. Adv. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay275710.1126/sciadv.aay2757 ↗
48. K.S. Ravi Chandran, J. Palmer, A critical review and assessment of 3D columnar silicon electrode architectures and their performance as negative electrodes in Li-ion cells. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 271, 115278 (2021)10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115278 ↗
49. S.C. Roberts, G.S. Aglietti, Satellite multi-functional power structure: Feasibility and mass savings. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G 222(1), 41 (2008)10.1243/09544100JAERO255 ↗
50. S.C. Roberts, G.S. Aglietti, Structural performance of a multifunctional spacecraft structure based on plastic lithium-ion batteries. Acta Astronaut. 67(3–4), 424 (2010)10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.03.004 ↗
51. Y. Zhang, J. Ma, A.K. Singh, L. Cao, J. Seo, C.D. Rahn, C.E. Bakis, M.A. Hickner, Multifunctional structural lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 28(12), 1603 (2017)10.1177/1045389X16679021 ↗
52. J.P. Thomas, M.T. Keennon, A. DuPasquier, M.A. Qidwai, P. Matic: in IMECE (ASME, 2003), pp. 289–292.10.1115/IMECE2003-41512 ↗
53. T. Pereira, Z. Guo, S. Nieh, J. Arias, H.T. Hahn, Energy storage structural composites: a review. J. Compos. Mater. 43(5), 549 (2009)10.1177/0021998308097682 ↗
54. J. Mullenax, P. Browning, W. Huebsch, M. Gautam, E.M. Sabolsky, Composite multifunctional lithium-ion batteries. ECS Trans. 41(41), 175 (2019)10.1149/1.4717975 ↗
55. K. Evanoff, J. Benson, M. Schauer, I. Kovalenko, D. Lashmore, W.J. Ready, G. Yushin, Ultra strong silicon-coated carbon nanotube nonwoven fabric as a multifunctional lithium-ion battery anode. ACS Nano 6(11), 9837 (2012)10.1021/nn303393p ↗
56. E. Senokos, Y. Ou, J.J. Torres, F. Sket, C. González, R. Marcilla, J.J. Vilatela, Energy storage in structural composites by introducing CNT fiber/polymer electrolyte interleaves. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 3407 (2018)10.1038/s41598-018-21829-5 ↗
57. X. Xia, A. Afshar, H. Yang, C.M. Portela, D.M. Kochmann, C.V. Di Leo, J.R. Greer, Electrochemically reconfigurable architected materials. Nature 573(7773), 205 (2019)10.1038/s41586-019-1538-z ↗