3D printing nanocomposite hydrogels with lattice vascular networks using stereolithography
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Hydrogels have emerged as leading candidates to reproduce native extracellular matrix. To provide structures and functions similar to tissues in vivo, controlled porosity and vascular networks are required. However, fabrication techniques to introduce these are still limited. In this study we propose stereolithography as a fabrication technique to achieve 3D vascular networks using water-based solvents only. A 3D printable hydrogel is formulated based on available commercial chemicals such as acrylamide (AAm) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate 700 (PEGDA700), with nanocellulose crystals (CNC) as a nanofiller. An optimisation procedure to increase resolution, tune porosity as well as mechanical properties is developed. The results highlight the importance of photoabsorber addition to improve channel resolution. We demonstrate that with the adequate choice of chemicals and fillers for photocurable formulations, structural and functional properties of the fabricated scaffold can be tailored, opening the path for advanced applications. Graphic abstract
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: 3D Printing in Biomedical Research · Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (42)
Show source-provided references
1. A.S. Hoffman, Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64, 18 (2012)10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.010 ↗
2. Y.S. Zhang, A. Khademhosseini, Advances in engineering hydrogels. Science 356(6337), eaaf3627 (2017)10.1126/science.aaf3627 ↗
3. M.W. Tibbitt, K.S. Anseth, Hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics for 3D cell culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 103(4), 655 (2009)10.1002/bit.22361 ↗
4. B.V. Slaughter, S.S. Khurshid, O.Z. Fisher, A. Khademhosseini, N.A. Peppas, Hydrogels in regenerative medicine. Adv. Mater. 21(32–33), 3307 (2009)10.1002/adma.200802106 ↗
5. H. Omidian, K. Park, Introduction to hydrogels, in Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels Handbook. ed. by R.M. Ottenbrite, K. Park, T. Okano (Springer, New York, 2010), p. 1
6. D.S. Benoit, M.P. Schwartz, A.R. Durney, K.S. Anseth, Small functional groups for controlled differentiation of hydrogel-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells. Nat. Mater. 7(10), 816 (2008)10.1038/nmat2269 ↗
7. T.R. Hoare, D.S. Kohane, Hydrogels in drug delivery: Progress and challenges. Polymer 49(8), 1993 (2008)10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.027 ↗
8. J.P. Gong, Why are double network hydrogels so tough? Soft Matter 6(12), 2583 (2010)10.1039/b924290b ↗
9. Q. Chen, H. Chen, L. Zhu, J. Zheng, Fundamentals of double network hydrogels. J. Mater. Chem. B 3(18), 3654 (2015)10.1039/C5TB00123D ↗
10. J.P. Gong, Y. Katsuyama, T. Kurokawa, Y. Osada, Double-network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength. Adv. Mater. 15(14), 1155 (2003)10.1002/adma.200304907 ↗
11. A.A. Mohammed, J. Aviles Milan, S. Li, J.J. Chung, M.M. Stevens, T.K. Georgiou, J.R. Jones, Open vessel free radical photopolymerization of double network gels for biomaterial applications using glucose oxidase. J. Mater. Chem. B 7(25), 4030 (2019)10.1039/C9TB00658C ↗
12. M.E. Villanueva, A.M.D.R. Diez, J.A. González, C.J. Pérez, M. Orrego, L. Piehl, S. Teves, G.J. Copello, Antimicrobial activity of starch hydrogel incorporated with copper nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(25), 16280 (2016)10.1021/acsami.6b02955 ↗
13. C.-W. Chang, A. van Spreeuwel, C. Zhang, S. Varghese, PEG/clay nanocomposite hydrogel: A mechanically robust tissue engineering scaffold. Soft Matter 6(20), 5157 (2010)10.1039/c0sm00067a ↗
14. A.A. Mohammed, A. Pinna, S. Li, T. Sang, J.R. Jones, Auto-catalytic redox polymerisation using nanoceria and glucose oxidase for double network hydrogels. J. Mater. Chem. B 8(14), 2834 (2020)10.1039/C9TB02729G ↗
15. C. Zhou, Q. Wu, Y. Yue, Q. Zhang, Application of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals in polyacrylamide hydrogels. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 353(1), 116 (2011)10.1016/j.jcis.2010.09.035 ↗
16. T. Abitbol, T. Johnstone, T.M. Quinn, D.G. Gray, Reinforcement with cellulose nanocrystals of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by cyclic freezing and thawing. Soft Matter 7(6), 2373 (2011)10.1039/c0sm01172j ↗
17. Z. Deng, T. Hu, Q. Lei, J. He, P.X. Ma, B. Guo, Stimuli-responsive conductive nanocomposite hydrogels with high stretchability, self-healing, adhesiveness, and 3D printability for human motion sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(7), 6796 (2019)10.1021/acsami.8b20178 ↗
18. A. Motealleh, P. Dorri, A.H. Schäfer, N.S. Kehr, 3D bioprinting of triphasic nanocomposite hydrogels and scaffolds for cell adhesion and migration. Biofabrication 11(3), 035022 (2019)10.1088/1758-5090/ab15ca ↗
19. N. Das: Preparation methods and properties of hydrogel. (City, 2013).
20. A.M. Mathur, S.K. Moorjani, A.B. Scranton, Methods for synthesis of hydrogel networks: A review. J. Macromol. Sci. C 36(2), 405 (1996)10.1080/15321799608015226 ↗
21. J.A. Burdick, W.L. Murphy, Moving from static to dynamic complexity in hydrogel design. Nat. Commun. 3(1), 1269 (2012)10.1038/ncomms2271 ↗
22. J. Warner, P. Soman, W. Zhu, M. Tom, S. Chen, Design and 3D printing of hydrogel scaffolds with fractal geometries. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2(10), 1763 (2016)10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00140 ↗
23. L.M. Kalossaka, G. Sena, L.M.C. Barter, C. Myant, Review: 3D printing hydrogels for the fabrication of soilless cultivation substrates. Appl. Mater. Today 24, 101088 (2021)10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101088 ↗
24. A.G.P. Kottapalli, M. Asadnia, J.M. Miao and M.S. Triantafyllou: Electrospun nanofibrils encapsulated in hydrogel cupula for biomimetic MEMS flow sensor development, in 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), (City, 2013), pp. 25.10.1109/MEMSYS.2013.6474167 ↗
25. A.G.P. Kottapalli, M. Bora, M. Asadnia, J. Miao, S.S. Venkatraman, M. Triantafyllou, Nanofibril scaffold assisted MEMS artificial hydrogel neuromasts for enhanced sensitivity flow sensing. Sci. Rep. 6(1), 19336 (2016)10.1038/srep19336 ↗
26. N.B. Palaganas, J.D. Mangadlao, A.C.C. de Leon, J.O. Palaganas, K.D. Pangilinan, Y.J. Lee, R.C. Advincula, 3D printing of photocurable cellulose nanocrystal composite for fabrication of complex architectures via stereolithography. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(39), 34314 (2017)10.1021/acsami.7b09223 ↗
27. Y. Jiang, J. Zhou, H. Shi, G. Zhao, Q. Zhang, C. Feng, X. Xv, Preparation of cellulose nanocrystal/oxidized dextran/gelatin (CNC/OD/GEL) hydrogels and fabrication of a CNC/OD/GEL scaffold by 3D printing. J. Mater. Sci. 55(6), 2618 (2020)10.1007/s10853-019-04186-0 ↗
28. L. Shuai, Z.H. Guo, P. Zhang, J. Wan, X. Pu, Z.L. Wang, Stretchable, self-healing, conductive hydrogel fibers for strain sensing and triboelectric energy-harvesting smart textiles. Nano Energy 78, 105389 (2020)10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105389 ↗
29. S. Wei, G. Qu, G. Luo, Y. Huang, H. Zhang, X. Zhou, L. Wang, Z. Liu, T. Kong, Scalable and automated fabrication of conductive tough-hydrogel microfibers with ultrastretchability, 3D printability, and stress sensitivity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(13), 11204 (2018)10.1021/acsami.8b00379 ↗
30. G.A. Appuhamillage, N. Chartrain, V. Meenakshisundaram, K.D. Feller, C.B. Williams, T.E. Long, 110th anniversary: Vat photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing: Current trends and future directions in materials design. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58(33), 15109 (2019)10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02679 ↗
31. I. Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker, Vat Photopolymerization Processes, in Additive manufacturing technologies: 3D printing, rapid prototyping, and direct digital manufacturing. ed. by I. Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker (Springer, New York, 2015), p. 6310.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3_4 ↗
32. S. Butylina, S. Geng, K. Laatikainen, K. Oksman, Cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels: From formulation to material properties. Front. Chem. 8(655), 1 (2020)
33. J. Wang, A. Chiappone, I. Roppolo, F. Shao, E. Fantino, M. Lorusso, D. Rentsch, K. Dietliker, C.F. Pirri, H. Grützmacher, All-in-one cellulose nanocrystals for 3D printing of nanocomposite hydrogels. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57(9), 2353 (2018)10.1002/anie.201710951 ↗
34. S. Sultan, A.P. Mathew, 3D printed scaffolds with gradient porosity based on a cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel. Nanoscale 10(9), 4421 (2018)10.1039/C7NR08966J ↗
35. D. Kam, A. Braner, A. Abouzglo, L. Larush, A. Chiappone, O. Shoseyov, S. Magdassi, 3D printing of cellulose nanocrystal-loaded hydrogels through rapid fixation by photopolymerization. Langmuir 37(21), 6451 (2021)10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00553 ↗
36. B. Zhang, S. Li, H. Hingorani, A. Serjouei, L. Larush, A.A. Pawar, W.H. Goh, A.H. Sakhaei, M. Hashimoto, K. Kowsari, S. Magdassi, Q. Ge, Highly stretchable hydrogels for UV curing based high-resolution multimaterial 3D printing. J. Mater. Chem. B 6(20), 3246 (2018)10.1039/C8TB00673C ↗
37. B. Webb, B.J. Doyle, Parameter optimization for 3D bioprinting of hydrogels. Bioprinting 8, 8 (2017)10.1016/j.bprint.2017.09.001 ↗
38. Y. Ide, S. Nayar, H. Logan, B. Gallagher, J. Wolfaardt, The effect of the angle of acuteness of additive manufactured models and the direction of printing on the dimensional fidelity: clinical implications. Odontology 105(1), 108 (2017)10.1007/s10266-016-0239-4 ↗
39. M. Braian, R. Jimbo, A. Wennerberg, Production tolerance of additive manufactured polymeric objects for clinical applications. Dental Mater. 32(7), 853 (2016)10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.020 ↗
40. J. Yang, C.-R. Han, J.-F. Duan, F. Xu, R.-C. Sun, Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of cellulose nanocrystals reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) nanocomposite hydrogels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5(8), 3199 (2013)10.1021/am4001997 ↗
41. A. Mohammed: Double network hydrogels for cartilage repair and their nanocomposite structure (2017).
42. S. Ma, B. Yu, X. Pei, F. Zhou, Structural hydrogels. Polymer 98, 516 (2016)10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.053 ↗