Deposition of nano-crystalline Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film in one step without sulfurization: Future prospects
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films were produced in a one-stage depositing spray pyrolysis technique instead of that needed post-sulfurization treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to identify crystal structure of studied films before and after E.B. irradiation. The presence of (112) as a preferred orientation indicates the kesterite phase structure of CZTS films. The energy-dispersive X-ray average data at several points of the film surface assured the homogeneous distribution of the constituent elements in the CZTS film composition. The optical behavior and the optical band-gap values of the studied CZTS films before and after E.B. irradiation have been checked by using the Tauc relation. The optical band-gap values reduced from 1.98 to 1.86 eV when the irradiation doses rose from 0 to 60 kGy. The electrochemical performance of CZTS films, on the two different conductive substrates, was tested by the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Graphical abstract
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (65)
Show source-provided references
1. W. Utetiwabo, L. Yang, M.K. Tufail, L. Zhou, R. Chen, Y. Lian, W. Yang, Electrode materials derived from plastic wastes and other industrial wastes for supercapacitors. Chin. Chem. Lett. 31, 1474–1489 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.00310.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.003 ↗
2. Y. Zhang, H.X. Mei, Y. Cao, X.H. Yan, J. Yan, H.L. Gao, H.W. Luo, S.W. Wang, X.D. Jia, L. Kachalova, Recent advances and challenges of electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors. Coord. Chem. Rev. 438, 213910 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCR.2021.21391010.1016/J.CCR.2021.213910 ↗
3. K.B. Wang, Q. Xun, Q. Zhang, Recent progress in metal-organic frameworks as active materials for supercapacitors. Energy Chem. 2, 100025 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enchem.2019.10002510.1016/j.enchem.2019.100025 ↗
4. J. Huang, Y. Luo, M. Weng, J. Yu, L. Sun, H. Zeng, Y. Liu, W. Zeng, Y. Min, Z. Guo, Advances and applications of phase change materials (PCMs) and PCMs-based technologies. ES Mater. Manuf. 13, 23–39 (2021). https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f45810.30919/esmm5f458 ↗
5. Y. Zhou, S. Wu, Y. Ma, H. Zhang, X. Zeng, F. Wu, F. Liu, J.E. Ryu, Z. Guo, Recent advances in organic/composite phase change materials for energy storage. ES Energy Environ. 9, 28–40 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/esee8c15010.30919/esee8c150 ↗
6. J. Shi, X. Huang, H. Guo, X. Shan, Z. Xu, X. Zhao, Z. Sun, W. Aftab, C. Qu, R. Yao, Experimental investigation and numerical validation on the energy-saving performance of A passive phase change material floor for a real scale building. ES Energy Environ. 8, 21–28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/esee8c38010.30919/esee8c380 ↗
7. X. Lu, H. Liu, V. Murugadoss, I. Seok, J. Huang, J.E. Ryu, Z. Guo, Polyethylene glycol/carbon black shape-stable phase change composites for peak load regulating of electric power system and corresponding thermal energy storage. Eng. Sci. 9, 25–34 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d90110.30919/es8d901 ↗
8. G. Li, C. Dang, Y. Hou, F. Dang, Y. Fan, Z. Guo, Experimental and theoretical characteristic of single atom Co-NC catalyst for Li-O2 batteries. Eng. Sci. 10, 85–94 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d100510.30919/es8d1005 ↗
9. C. Hou, B. Wang, V. Murugadoss, S. Vupputuri, Y. Chao, Z. Guo, C. Wang, W. Du, Recent advances in Co3O4 as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Eng. Sci. 11, 19–30 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d112810.30919/es8d1128 ↗
10. M.T. Dizaji, W. Li, Higher voltage redox flow batteries with hybrid acid and base electrolytes. Eng. Sci. 11, 54–65 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d111810.30919/es8d1118 ↗
11. L. Liu, C. Wang, Z. He, R. Das, B. Dong, X. Xie, Z. Guo, An overview of amphoteric ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 69, 212–227 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.03210.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.032 ↗
12. P.M. Mana, P.K. Bhujbal, H.M. Pathan, Fabrication and characterization of ZnS based photoelectrochemical solar cell. ES Energy Environ. 12, 77–85 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30919/esee8c102110.30919/esee8c1021 ↗
13. M.A.M. Elsaid, A.A. Hassan, S.G. Mohamed, A.Z. Sayed, A.M. Ashmawy, A.F. Waheed, Synthesis and electrochemical performance of porous FeCo2S4 nanorods as an electrode material for supercapacitor. J. Energy Storage 44, 103330 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.10333010.1016/j.est.2021.103330 ↗
14. L.Q. Fan, Q.M. Tu, C.L. Geng, Y.L. Wang, S.J. Sun, Y.F. Huang, J.H. Wu, Improved redox-active ionic liquid-based ionogel electrolyte by introducing carbon nanotubes for application in all-solid-state supercapacitors. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 45, 17131–17139 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.19310.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.193 ↗
15. R. Jose, B. Vidyadharan, I.I. Misnon, J. Ismail, M.M. Yusoff, Supercapacitor electrodes delivering high energy and power densities. J. Alloys Compd. 633, 22 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.01.00710.1016/j.matpr.2016.01.007 ↗
16. Q. Yang, Q. Feng, X. Xu, Y. Liu, X. Yang, F. Yang, J. Li, H. Zhan, Q. Wang, S. Wu, NiCoSe4 nanoparticles derived from nickel–cobalt Prussian blue analogues on N-doped reduced graphene oxide for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Nanotechnology (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac6ff210.1088/1361-6528/ac6ff2 ↗
17. X. Dong, Y. Yu, X. Jing, H. Jiang, T. Hu, C. Meng, C. Huang, Y. Zhang, Sandwich-like honeycomb Co2SiO4/rGO/honeycomb Co2SiO4 structures with enhanced electrochemical properties for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor. J. Power. Sources 492, 229643 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.22964310.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229643 ↗
18. Y. Zhang, C. Wang, X. Dong, H. Jiang, T. Hu, C. Meng, C. Huang, Alkali etching metal silicates derived from bamboo leaves with enhanced electrochemical properties for solid-state hybrid supercapacitors. Chem. Eng. J. 417, 127964 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.12796410.1016/j.cej.2020.127964 ↗
19. M. Kumar, D.I. Jeong, N. Sarwar, D.H. Yoon, Heazlewoodite Ni3S2 an electroactive material for supercapacitor application. Ceram. Int. 47, 16852–16860 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.02.26010.1016/j.ceramint.2021.02.260 ↗
20. A. Sharmin, M.S. Bashar, M. Sultana, S.M.M. AlMamun, Sputtered single-phase kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film for photovoltaic applications: post annealing parameter optimization and property analysis. AIP Adv. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.512920210.1063/1.5129202 ↗
21. S.A. Hameed, N.A. Bakr, A.M. Hassan, A.N. Jasim, Structural and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis. AIP Conf. Proc. 2213, 020082 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.000031010.1063/5.0000310 ↗
22. G.A.S. Hernandez, A.R. Weerasinghe, Effect of trisodium citrate on the properties of electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) layers on ZnS thin films using a 2-electrode method. Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem. 8, 311–319 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2018.8802110.4236/ampc.2018.88021 ↗
23. H. Xia, W. Xiao, M.O. Lai, L. Lu, Facile synthesis of novel nanostructured mno2 thin films and their application in supercapacitors. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 4, 1035 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9352-410.1007/s11671-009-9352-4 ↗
24. A. Murugan, V. Siva, A. Shameem, S.A. Bahadur, Optimization of adsorption and reaction time of SILAR deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films structural optical and electrochemical performance. J. Alloy Compd. 856, 158055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.15805510.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158055 ↗
25. S.M. Robati, M. Imani, A. Tadjarodi, Ultrafast synthesis of crystalline Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles by solid state microwave heating technique and study of their electrochemical behavior. Mater. Lett. 225, 9–12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.04.08510.1016/j.matlet.2018.04.085 ↗
26. N. Saini, J.K. Larsen, K.V. Sopiha, J. Keller, N. Ross, C. Platzer-Björkman, Germanium incorporation in Cu2ZnSnS4 and formation of a Sn Ge gradient. Phys. Status Solidi A 216, 1900492 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.20190049210.1002/pssa.201900492 ↗
27. E.S. Hossain, P. Chelvanathan, S.A. Shahahmadi, B. Bais, Md. Akhtaruzzaman, S.K. Tiong, K. Sopian, N. Amin, Fabrication of Cu2SnS3 thin film solar cells by sulphurization of sequentially sputtered Sn/CuSn metallic stacked precursors. Sol. Energy 177, 262–273 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.1010.1016/j.solener.2018.10 ↗
28. L. Xiaoshuang, B. Xu, M. Chuanhe, Y. Chen, P. Yang, C. Junhao, L. Sun, Mechanism on the modified sulfurization process for growing large-grained Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Sol. Energy 196, 597–606 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.12.06310.1016/j.solener.2019.12.063 ↗
29. E.K. Ozsoy, A. Ferhunde, O. Buyukgungor, Production and characterization of Cu2SnS3 films for solar cell applications: the effect of the sulfurization temperature on CuS secondary phase. Sol. Energy 214, 179–188 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.06810.1016/j.solener.2020.11.068 ↗
30. S.M. Pawar, A.I. Inamdar, K.V. Gurav, S.W. Shin, J. Yongcheol, J. Kim, I. Hyunsik, J.H. Kim, Growth of void-free Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films by sulfurization of stacked metallic precursor films. Vacuum 104, 57–60 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.01.00710.1016/j.vacuum.2014.01.007 ↗
31. P.R. Guddeti, S. Gedi, K.T.R. Reddy, Sulfurization temperature-dependent physical properties of Cu2SnS3 films grown by a two-stage process. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 86, 164–172 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.06.02110.1016/j.mssp.2018.06.021 ↗
32. M.Z. Ansari, N. Khare, Effect of intrinsic strain on the optical band gap of single phase nanostructured Cu2ZnSnS4. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 63, 220–226 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.0210.1016/j.mssp.2017.02 ↗
33. M. Souli, C. Nefzi, Z. Seboui, A. Mejri, R. Vidu, N. Kamoun-Turki, Improved structural properties, morphological and optical behaviors of sprayed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films induced by high gamma radiations for solar cells. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 83, 50–57 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.0410.1016/j.mssp.2018.04 ↗
34. C. Kim, S. Hong, Band gap shift of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film by residual stress. J. Alloy Compd. 799, 247–255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.29010.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.290 ↗
35. S.M. Asgarian, Z. Kargar, S. Hasaripour, Positron annihilation and magnetic studies of gamma irradiated nickel ferrite nanoparticles sintered at various temperature. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 189, 110453 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.11045310.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110453 ↗
36. A.F. Maged, S.A. Fayek, H.M. Hosni, M.M. Ibrahim, L.A.M. Nada, M. Amin, Natural dye solar cell: conductive transparent oxide, photo anode, sensitizers, electrolyte, and γ- radiation response. Int. J. Green Energy 19, 1072–1084 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2021.197998310.1080/15435075.2021.1979983 ↗
37. A. Abdel-Galil, N.L. Moussa, I.S. Yahia, Study on spray deposited Ni-doped CuO nanostructured thin films: microstructural and optical behavior. J. Mater. Sci. 33, 4984–4999 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07688-310.1007/s10854-021-07688-3 ↗
38. A. Shabir, M. ShahidKhan, A. Kandasami, M. Zulfequar, Effect of gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of thin films of a- CdSe. Opt.-Int J. Light Electron Opt. 126, 3501–3505 (2015). https://doi.org/10.12785/ijtfst/04020710.12785/ijtfst/040207 ↗
39. D. Liu, L. Liang, S. Rongjian, First-principles calculations of structural, electronic, and optical properties of double perovskites Cs2Sn1-xBxI6 (B = Si, Ge; x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1). Chem. Phys. 542, 111075 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.11107510.1016/j.chemphys.2020.111075 ↗
40. R.J. Deokate, H.S. Chavan, H. Im, A.I. Inamdar, Spray-deposited kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS): optical, structural, and electrical investigations for solar cell applications. Ceram. Int. 48, 795–802 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.16010.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.160 ↗
41. O. Muller, V. Pichot, L. Merlat, D. Spitzer, Optical limiting properties of surface functionalized nanodiamonds probed by the Z-scan method. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 519 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36838-710.1038/s41598-018-36838-7 ↗
42. A. Abdel-Galil, M.S.A. Hussien, I.S. Yahia, Low cost preparation technique for conductive and transparent Sb doped SnO2 nanocrystalline thin films for solar cell applications. Super Latt. Microstruct. 147, 106697 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.10669710.1016/j.spmi.2020.106697 ↗
43. A. Abdel-Galil, N.L. Moussa, I.S. Yahia, Synthesis and optical characterization of nanocrystalline fluorine-doped tin oxide films: conductive window layer for optoelectronic applications. Appl. Phys. A 127, 474 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04632-410.1007/s00339-021-04632-4 ↗
44. M. Sivachidambaram, J.J. Vijaya, L.J. Kennedy, R. Jothiramalingam, H.A. Al-Lohedan, M.A. Munusamy, E. Elanthamilane, J.P. Merline, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from the Borassus flabellifer flower as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. N. J. Chem. 41(10), 3939–3949 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nj03867k10.1039/c6nj03867k ↗
45. S.M. Alia, M.S. AlGarawia, S. Aldawooda, S.A. Al Salman, S.S. AlGamdia, Influence of gamma irradiation on the properties of PbS thin films. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 171, 108732 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.10873210.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108732 ↗
46. S. Mazumder, P. Mazumder, K. Senthilkumar, Device modeling and study of AZO/i-ZnO/ZnS/CZTS-bilayer solar cell for different series and shunt resistances. Sol. Energy 245, 46–57 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.08.05510.1016/j.solener.2022.08.055 ↗
47. J. Henry, K. Mohanraj, G. Sivakumar, Electrical and optical properties of CZTS thin films prepared by SILAR method. J. Asian Ceram. Soc. 4, 81–84 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2015.12.00310.1016/j.jascer.2015.12.003 ↗
48. M. Khammar, F. Ynineb, S. Guitouni, Y. Bouznit, N. Attaf, Crystallite size and intrinsic strain contribution in band gap energy redshift of ultrasonic-sprayed kesterite CZTS nanostructured thin flms. Appl. Phys. A 126, 398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03591-610.1007/s00339-020-03591-6 ↗
49. D.K. Maurya, S. Sikarwar, P. Chaudhary, S. Angaiah, B.C. Yadav, Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured copper zinc tin sulphide (CZTS) for humidity sensing applications. IEEE Sens. J. 19, 2837–2846 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.289030910.1109/JSEN.2018.2890309 ↗
50. E. Indubala, S. Sarveshvaran, V. Sudha, A.Y. Mamajiwala, S. Harinipriya, Secondary phases and temperature effect on the synthesis and sulfurization of CZTS. Sol. Energy 173, 215–224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.08510.1016/j.solener.2018.07.085 ↗
51. Q. Tang, H. Shen, H. Yao, W. Wang, Y. Jiang, C. Zheng, Synthesis of CZTS/RGO composite material as supercapacitor electrode. Ceram. Int. 42, 10452–10458 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.19410.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.194 ↗
52. S. Mazumder, K. Senthilkumar, Device study and optimisation of CZTS/ZnS based solar cell with CuI hole transport layer for different conduction band offset. Sol. Energy 237(1), 414–431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.03.03610.1016/j.solener.2022.03.036 ↗
53. Z. Otgonbayar, S. Yang, K. Ick-Jun, O. Won-Chun, Surface modification effect and electrochemical performance of LiOH-high surface activated carbon as a cathode material in EDLC. Molecules 26, 2187 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2608218710.3390/molecules26082187 ↗
54. A.C. Lokhande, A. Patil, A. Shelke, P.T. Babar, M.G. Gang, V.C. Lokhande, D.S. Dhawale, C.D. Lokhande, J.H. Kim, Binder-free novel Cu4SnS4 electrode for high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 284, 80–88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.17010.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.170 ↗
55. P. More, S.A. Kadam, M. Yuan-Ron, C. Yan-Ruei, N. Tarwal, Y. Navale, A. Salunkhe, V. Patil, Spray synthesized Mn-doped CuO electrodes for high performance supercapacitor. ChemistrySelect 7, e202202504 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.20220250410.1002/slct.202202504 ↗
56. H. Borate, A. Bhorde, A. Waghmare, S. Nair, S. Pandharkar, A. Punde, P. Shinde, P. Vairale, V. Jadkar, R. Waykar, S. Rondiya, Y. Hase, R. Aher, N. Patil, M. Prasad, S. Jadkar, Single-step electrochemical deposition of CZTS thin films with enhanced photoactivity. ES Mater. Manuf. 11, 1130–1139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f93410.30919/esmm5f934 ↗
57. H. Kirou, L. Atourki, L. Essaleh, A. Taleb, M.Y. Messous, K. Bouabid, M. Nya, A. Ihlal, Towards phase pure Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films via Cu-Zn-Sn electrodeposition under a variable applied potential. J. Alloy Compd. 783, 524–532 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.26910.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.269 ↗
58. P. Kalinauskas, E. Norkus, Z. Mockus, R. Giraitis, R. Juskˇenas, Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical characterization of Cu2SnSe3 thin films deposited on Mo/glass substrates. J. Electrochem. Soc. 166, H3107–H3111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0161905JES10.1149/2.0161905JES ↗
59. H.D. Shelke, A.M. Patil, A.C. Lokhande, J.H. Kim, C.D. Lokhande, Electrochemical impedance analysis of SILAR deposited Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin film. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 10(1), 0974–3154 (2017)
60. Q. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Gao, J. Liu, Q. Lu, Surface modification and performance enhancement of carbon derived from chromium carbide for supercapacitor applications. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162, A845–A851 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0331506jes10.1149/2.0331506jes ↗
61. M. Heidariramsheh, S. Gharabeiki, S.M. Mahdavi, N. Taghavinia, Optoelectrical and structural characterization of Cu2SnS3 thin films grown via spray pyrolysis using stable molecular ink. Sol. Energy 224, 218–229 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.05.08810.1016/j.solener.2021.05.088 ↗
62. P. Baskaran, K.D. Nisha, S. Harish, S. Prabakaran, M. Navaneethan, J. Archana, S. Ponnusamy, C. Muthamizhchelvan, H. Ikeda, High-performance electrocatalytic and cationic substitution in Cu2ZnSnS4 as a low-cost counter electrode for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Mater. Sci. 56, 4135–4150 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05421-910.1007/s10853-020-05421-9 ↗
63. V. Siva, A. Murugan, A. Shameem, S. Asath Bahadur, One-step hydrothermal synthesis of transition metal oxide electrode material for energy storage applications. J. Mater. Sci. 31, 20472–20484 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04566-210.1007/s10854-020-04566-2 ↗
64. C. Indira Priyadharsini, G. Marimuthu, T. Pazhanivel, P.M. Anbarasan, V. Aroulmoji, V. Siva, L. Mohana, Sol-Gel synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. J. Solgel. Sci. Technol. 96, 416–422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05393-x10.1007/s10971-020-05393-x ↗
65. D. Zheng, Y. Qiang, X. Shenying, L. Wenpo, Y. Shanshan, S. Zhang, Hierarchical MnO2 nano sheets synthesized via electrodeposition hydrothermal method for supercapacitor electrodes. Appl. Phys. A 123, 1–10 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0728-x10.1007/s00339-016-0728-x ↗