Compression Behavior of Fibrous Self-Consolidating Concrete Columns Reinforced with Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars and Spirals

1. Abdelazim, W.; Mohamed, H. M.; Benmokrane, B.; and Afifi, Z. M., 2020, “Effect of Critical Test Parameters on the Behavior of GFRP-RC Slender Columns under Eccentric Load,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 117, No. 4, July, pp. 127-142.

2. Abdelazim, W.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2021, “Proposed Flexural Stiffness of Slender Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 118, No. 1, Jan., pp. 227-240.10.14359/51728183 ↗

3. Abdelkarim, O.; Ahmed, E.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2019, “Evaluation of Strength and Deformability of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with Deformed GFRP Bars of Different Sizes,” Engineering Structures Journal, V. 186, pp. 282-296. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.02410.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.024 ↗

4. Adimi, R.; Rahman, H.; and Benmokrane, B., 2000, “New Method for Testing Fibre Reinforced Polymer Reinforcements under Fatigue,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 4, No. 4, pp. 206-213. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2000)4:4(206)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2000)4:4(206) ↗

5. Afifi, M. Z.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014a, “Axial Capacity of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 18, No. 1. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000043810.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000438 ↗

6. Afifi, M. Z.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014b, “Strength and Axial Behavior of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with CFRP Bars and Spirals,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 18, No. 2. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000043010.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000430 ↗

7. Aflakisamani, M.; Mousa, S.; Mohamed, H. M.; Ahmed, E. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2023, “Design and Testing of Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Bridge-Deck Slabs Reinforced with GFRP Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 120, No. 4, July, pp. 29-41.10.14359/51738717 ↗

8. Al-Ajarmeh, O.; Manalo, A.; Benmokrane, B.; Vijay, P. V.; Ferdous, W.; and Mendis, P., 2019, “Novel Testing and Characterisation of High Modulus GFRP Bars in Compression,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 225, pp. 1112-1126. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.28010.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.280 ↗

9. Ali, L.; El Ouni, M. H.; and Raza, A., 2021, “Tests of Polypropylene Macro Synthetic Fibers and GFRP Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Concentric and Eccentric Loading,” Journal of Building Engineering, V. 43, p. 103100. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.10310010.1016/j.jobe.2021.103100 ↗

10. Alnahhal, W., and Aljidda, O., 2018, “Flexural Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Recycled Concrete Coarse Aggregates,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 169, pp. 165-178. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.13510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.135 ↗

11. Alsayed, S.; Amjad, M.; Almusallam, T.; and Al-Salloum, Y., 1999, “Concrete Columns Reinforced by Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Rods,” 4th International Symposium—Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures, SP-188, C. W. Dolan, S. H. Rizkalla, and A. Nanni, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1182 pp.

12. ACI Committee 440, 2015, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 88 pp.

13. ACI Committee 440, 2022, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary (ACI CODE-440.11-22),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 260 pp.

14. ASTM D3171-22, 2022, “Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

15. ASTM D8448/D8448M-22, 2022, “Standard Specification for Basalt Fiber Strands,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

16. ASTM D8505/D8505M-23, 2023, “Standard Specification for Basalt and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars for Concrete Reinforcement,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

17. Attia, K.; Alnahhal, W.; Elrefai, A.; and Rihan, Y., 2019, “Flexural Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab Strips Reinforced with BFRP and GFRP Bars,” Composite Structures, V. 211, pp. 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.12.01610.1016/j.compstruct.2018.12.016 ↗

18. Bakouregui, A. S.; Mohamed, H. M.; Yahia, A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2021, “Axial Load-Moment Interaction Diagram of Full-Scale Circular LWSCC Columns Reinforced with BFRP and GFRP Bars and Spirals: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations,” Engineering Structures, V. 242. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.11253810.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112538 ↗

19. Benmokrane, B.; Manalo, A.; Bouhet, J. C.; Mohamed, K.; and Robert, M., 2017, “Effects of Diameter on the Durability of GFRP Bars Conditioned in Alkaline Solution,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 21, No. 5, pp. 04017040-04017041. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000081410.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000814 ↗

20. Benmokrane, B., and Rahman, H., eds., 1998, “Durability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Construction,” Proceedings of the First International Conference on Durability of FRP Composites for Construction (CDCC’98), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Aug. 5-7, 706 pp.

21. CSA S6-19, 2019, “Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.

22. CSA S806-12, 2012 (Reapproved 2021), “Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada, 208 pp.

23. CSA S807-19, 2019, “Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.

24. De Luca, A.; Matta, F.; and Nanni, A., 2010, “Behavior of Full-Scale Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Columns under Axial Load,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 107, No. 5, Sept-Oct., pp. 589-596.10.14359/51663912 ↗

25. Elmessalami, N.; El Refai, A.; and Abed, F., 2019, “Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Bars for Compression Reinforcement: A Promising Alternative to Steel Bars,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 209, pp. 725-737. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.10510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.105 ↗

26. Euclid Chemical, 2021, “TUF-STRAND SF,” https://www.euclidchemical.com/products/concrete-fibers/synthetic-macrofibers/tuf-strand-sf/. (last accessed June 26, 2025).

27. Gouda, M. G.; Mohamed, H. M.; Manalo, A. C.; and Benmokrane, B., 2022, “Behavior of Hollow Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Columns under Axial Load: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 119, No. 6, Nov., pp. 289-302.10.14359/51736117 ↗

28. Guérin, M.; Mohamed, H. M.; Benmokrane, B.; Nanni, A.; and Shield, C. K., 2018, “Eccentric Behavior of Full-Scale Reinforced Concrete Columns with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars and Ties,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 2, Mar., pp. 489-499.10.14359/51701107 ↗

29. Hadhood, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017a, “Axial Load-Moment Interaction Diagram of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with CFRP Bars and Spirals: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 21, No. 2. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000074810.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000748 ↗

30. Hadhood, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017b, “Failure Envelope of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1417-1428. doi: 10.14359/5168949810.14359/51689498 ↗

31. Hadhood, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017c, “Experimental Study of Circular High-Strength Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals under Concentric and Eccentric Loading,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 21, No. 2. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000073410.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000734 ↗

32. Hosseini, S. M.; Mousa, S.; Mohamed, H.; and Benmokrane, B., 2022, “Structural Behavior of Precast RC Tunnel Segments with GFRP Bars and Ties under Bending Load,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 119, No. 1, Jan., pp. 307-319.

33. Lu, C.; Ni, M.; Chu, T.; and He, L., 2020, “Comparative Investigation on Tensile Performance of FRP Bars after Exposure to Water, Seawater, and Alkaline Solutions,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, V. 32, No. 7, p. 04020170.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003243 ↗

34. Maranan, G.; Manalo, A.; Benmokrane, B.; Karunasena, W.; Mendis, P.; and Nguyen, T., 2019, “Flexural Behavior of Geopolymer-Concrete Beams Longitudinally Reinforced with GFRP and Steel Hybrid Reinforcement,” Engineering Structures, V. 182, pp. 141-152. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.07310.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.073 ↗

35. Mohamed, H. M.; Afifi, M. Z.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014, “Performance Evaluation of Concrete Columns Reinforced Longitudinally with FRP Bars and Confined with FRP Hoops and Spirals under Axial Load,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 19, No. 7. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.000059010.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000590 ↗

36. Mufti, A.; Onofrei, M.; Benmokrane, B.; Banthia, N.; Boulfiza, M.; Newhook, J.; Bakht, B.; Tadros, G.; and Brett, P., 2005, “Durability of GFRP Reinforced Concrete in Field Structures,” 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, SP-230, C. K. Shield, J. P. Busel, S. L. Walkup, and D. D. Gremel, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 1361-1377.

37. Patil, G. M., and Suriya Prakash, S., 2021, “Effect of Macrosynthetic and Hybrid Fibers on the Behavior of Square Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Rebars under Axial Compression,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 25, No. 6, p. 04021053. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.000116310.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001163 ↗

38. Pessiki, S., and Pieroni, A., 1997, “Axial Load Behavior of Large-Scale Spirally Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 94, No. 3, Mar.-Apr., pp. 304-313.10.14359/482 ↗

39. Pultrall, Inc.. 2021, www.pultrall.com.

40. Ramkumar, K. B.; Kannan Rajkumar, P. R.; Noor Ahmmad, S.; and Jegan, M., 2020, “A Review on Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete—Use of Mineral Admixtures and Steel Fibers with Artificial Neural Network Application,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 261, p. 120215. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12021510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120215 ↗

41. Salah-Eldin, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2019, “Axial-Flexural Performance of High-Strength-Concrete Bridge Compression Members Reinforced with Basalt-FRP Bars and Ties: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 24, No. 7, p. 04019069. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.000144810.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001448 ↗

42. Tobbi, H.; Farghaly, A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014, “Behavior of Concentrically Loaded Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Columns with Varying Reinforcement Types and Ratios,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 375-386.10.14359/51686528 ↗

43. Tobbi, H.; Farghaly, A. S.; and Benmokrane, B., 2012, “Concrete Columns Reinforced Longitudinally and Transversely with Glass Fiber-

44. Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 551-558.

45. Xue, W.; Peng, F.; and Fang, Z., 2018, “Behavior and Design of Slender Rectangular Concrete Columns Longitudinally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 2, Mar., pp. 311-322. doi: 10.14359/5170113110.14359/51701131 ↗

46. Zhang, B.; Benmokrane, G.; Chennouf, A.; Mukhopadhyaya, P.; and El-Safty, A., 2001, “Tensile Behaviour of FRP Tendons for Prestressed Anchors,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 5, No. 2, pp. 85-93. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:2(85)10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:2(85) ↗

47. Zhang, X., and Deng, Z., 2018, “Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis on Axial Compressive Behavior of Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and PVA Fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 172, pp. 519-532. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.23710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.237 ↗