journal article·2024-09-01

Measurement of Chloride in Concrete by Prompt-Gamma Neutron Activation

Authors not provided

ACI Materials Journal· Volume 121· Issue 5
Publisher page

Abstract

The American Concrete Institute (ACI) is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development and distribution of consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational programs, certification programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design, construction, and materials, who share a commitment to pursuing the best use of concrete.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Nuclear Physics and Applications · Geophysical Methods and Applications · Concrete and Cement Materials Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (21)

Show source-provided references
1. Neville, A., “Chloride Attack of Reinforced Concrete: An Overview,” Materials and Structures, V. 28, No. 2, 1995, pp. 63-70. doi: 10.1007/BF0247317210.1007/BF02473172 ↗
2. Angst, U. M., “Challenges and Opportunities in Corrosion of Steel in Concrete,” Materials and Structures, V. 51, No. 1, 2018, pp. 4-24. doi: 10.1617/s11527-017-1131-610.1617/s11527-017-1131-6 ↗
3. ASTM C1152/C1152M-04(2012)e1, “Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.
4. Molnár, G., ed., Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis: with Neutron Beams, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2004.10.1007/978-0-387-23359-8 ↗
5. NIST, “Prompt Gamma-Ray Activation Analysis (PGAA),” National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2011, https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/prompt-gamma-ray-activation-analysis-pgaa. (last accessed Aug. 28, 2024)
6. Rhodes, J. R.; Stout, J. A.; Sieberg, R. D.; and Schindler, J. S., “In-Situ Determination of the Chloride Content of Portland Cement Concrete Bridge Decks,” Report No. FHWA/RD-80/030, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 1980.
7. Collico Savio, D.; Mariscotti, M.; and Guevari, S. R., “Elemental Analysis of a Concrete Sample by Capture Gamma-Rays with a Radioisotope Neutron Source,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, V. 95, No. 3, 1995, pp. 379-388. doi: 10.1016/0168-583X(94)00424-210.1016/0168-583X(94)00424-2 ↗
8. Saleh, H. H., and Livingston, R. A., “Experimental Evaluation of a Portable Neutron-based Gamma Spectroscopy System for Chloride Measurements in Reinforced Concrete,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, V. 244, No. 2, 2000, pp. 367-371. doi: 10.1023/A:100678762601610.1023/A:1006787626016 ↗
9. Naqvi, A. A.; Nagadi, M. M.; and Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., “Prompt Gamma Analysis of Chlorine in Concrete for Corrosion Study,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, V. 64, No. 2, 2006, pp. 283-289. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.07.01510.1016/j.apradiso.2005.07.015 ↗
10. Yan, M.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Takamura, M.; Ikeda, Y.; and Otake, Y., “Optimization Study of Chlorine Detection Sensitivity in Concrete Based on Prompt Gamma Analysis Using 252Cf Neutron Source,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, V. 188, 2022, p. 110393. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.11039310.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110393 ↗
11. Weyers, R. E.; Brown, M.; Al-Qadi, I. L.; and Henry, H., “A Rapid Method for Measuring the Acid-Soluble Chloride Content or Powdered Concrete Samples,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, V. 15, No. 1, 1993, pp. 3-13. doi: 10.1520/CCA10582J10.1520/CCA10582J ↗
12. Angst, U.; Elsener, B.; Larsen, C. K.; and Vennesland, Ø., “Critical Chloride Content in Reinforced Concrete - A Review,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 39, No. 12, 2009, pp. 1122-1138. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.00610.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.006 ↗
13. IAEA, “Database for Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis,” International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Data Services, Vienna, Austria, 2003, https://www-nds.iaea.org/pgaa/. (last accessed Aug. 28, 2024)
14. Stallard, C., “OpenAGS,” 2022, https://pypi.org/project/openags/. (last accessed Aug. 28, 2024)
15. Mathews, E. B., and Grasty, J., The Limestones of Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Special Publication Vol. VIII, Part III, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD, 1910.
16. Knoll, G. F., Radiation Detection and Measurement, third edition, John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New York, 2000.
17. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) (Reapproved 2022),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2019, 624 pp.
18. EPA, “National Primary Drinking Water Regulations,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2024, https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations#Disinfectants. (last accessed Aug. 28, 2024)
19. Mohamed, A. B.; Al-Sheikhly, M.; Livingston, R. A.; and Saleh, H., “Monte Carlo Simulations of a Portable Prompt Gamma System for Nondestructive Determination of Chloride in Reinforced Concrete,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, V. 266, No. 15, 2008, pp. 3397-3405. doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.04.02110.1016/j.nimb.2008.04.021 ↗
20. Chen-Mayer, H. H.; Berke, N. S.; and Livingston, R. A., “PGAA Measurement of Chloride Diffusion Profiles in Concrete Cylinders,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, V. 332, No. 12, 2023, pp. 5239-5245. doi: 10.1007/s10967-023-09023-y10.1007/s10967-023-09023-y ↗
21. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, D.; Gholami, M.; and Setayandeh, S., “A Review on Natural Background Radiation,” Advanced Biomedical Research, V. 2, No. 65, 2013. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.11582110.4103/2277-9175.115821 ↗