Competitive Effect of Grain Size and Second Phase on Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Mg-3Zn-1Mn-xSr Alloys
Source abstract
Abstract
The corrosion behavior and microstructure of Mg-3Zn-1Mn-xSr (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.%) alloys are investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical tests and immersion experiments equipped with a dynamic corrosion device. The introduction of Sr element changes the distribution of Mg7Zn3 phase in the Mg-3Zn-1Mn alloy, promoting its precipitation at the grain boundary. Decrease in grain size and second phase spacing can be observed with the increase of Sr content, and the size of semi-continuous second phases (Mg7Zn3 + Mg17Sr2) distributed along grain boundary increases. The corrosion resistance of Mg-3Zn-1Mn-xSr alloys increases with the suitable addition of Sr, but decreases with the addition of excessive Sr, indicating that the critical value exists for the addition of Sr to obtain the optimal corrosion resistance. Optimal corrosion performance (CR = 1.213 ± 0.02mm/y, Icorr = 2.80μA/cm2) of Mg-3Zn-1Mn-1Sr alloy is concluded by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements, and its corrosion morphology manifests uniform corrosion pits and dense structure due to mass accumulation of corrosion products on the damaged surface of Mg matrix. The synergistic effect of the grain size and second phase is used to explain the influence of the variation of Sr content on the corrosion performance of Mg-3Zn-1Mn-xSr alloys.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications · Hydrogen Storage and Materials · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (69)
Show source-provided references
1. P. Feng, J.Y. He, S.P. Peng, C.D. Gao, Z.Y. Zhao, S.X. Xiong and C.J. Shuai, Characterizations and Interfacial Reinforcement Mechanisms of Multicomponent Biopolymer Based Scaffold, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2019, 100, p 809.10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.030 ↗
2. C. Damia, D. Marchat, C. Lemoine, N. Douard, V. Chaleix, V. Sol, N. Larochette, D. Logeart-Avramoglou, J. Brie and E. Champion, Functionalization of Phosphocalcic Bioceramics for Bone Repair Applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2019, 95, p 343.10.1016/j.msec.2018.01.008 ↗
3. J.P. Simon and G. Fabry, An Overview of Implant Materials, Acta. Orthop. Belg., 1991, 57, p 1.
4. J.L. Li, L. Qin, K. Yang, Z.J. Ma, Y.X. Wang, L.L. Cheng and D.W. Zhao, Materials Evolution of Bone Plates for Internal Fixation of Bone Fractures: A Review, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 36, p 190.10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.024 ↗
5. C.J. Shuai, W.J. Yang, S.P. Peng, C.G. Gao, W. Guo, Y.X. Lai and P. Feng, Material-Based Therapy for Bone Nonunion, Int. J. Bioprint., 2020, 36, p 190.
6. Y.W. Yang, C.X. He, E. Dianyu, W.J. Yang, F.W. Qi, D.Q. Xie, L.D. Shen, S.P. Peng and C.J. Shuai, Mg Bone Implant: Features, Developments and Perspectives, Mater. Des., 2020, 185, p 108259.10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108259 ↗
7. Y. F. Zheng, X. N. Gu, F. Witte, Biodegradable Metals. Mater. Sci. Eng., R. 2014, 77, 110.1016/j.mser.2014.01.001 ↗
8. N. Sezer, Z. Evis, S.M. Kayhan, A. Tahmasebifar and M. Koc, Review of Magnesium-Based Biomaterials and their Applications, J. Magn. Alloys., 2018, 6, p 23.10.1016/j.jma.2018.02.003 ↗
9. W.J. Ding, Opportunities and Challenges for the Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys as Next-Generation Biomaterials, Regener. Biomater., 2016, 3, p 79.10.1093/rb/rbw003 ↗
10. N.I.Z. Abidin, A.D. Atrens, D. Martin and A. Atrens, Corrosion of High Purity Mg, Mg2Zn0. 2Mn, ZE41 and AZ91 in Hank’s Solution at 37 C, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53, p 3542.10.1016/j.corsci.2011.06.030 ↗
11. S.X. Zhang, X.N. Zhang, C.L. Zhao, J.N. Li, Y. Song, C.Y. Xie, H.R. Tao, Y. Zhang, Y.H. He, Y. Jiang and Y.J. Bian, Research on an MgeZn Alloy as a Degradable Biomaterial, Acta Biomater., 2010, 6, p 626.10.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.028 ↗
12. Z.M. Shi and A. Atrens, An innovative Specimen Configuration for the Study of Mg CORROSION, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53, p 226.10.1016/j.corsci.2010.09.016 ↗
13. H.F. Li, Y.F. Zheng and L. Qin, Progress of Biodegradable Metals, Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int., 2014, 24, p 414.10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.08.014 ↗
14. Y. Chen, J.H. Dou, H.J. Yu and C.Z. Chen, Degradable Magnesium-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications: The Role of Critical Alloying Elements, J. Biomater. Appl., 2019, 33, p 1348.10.1177/0885328219834656 ↗
15. H. Li, J.B. Wen, Y. Liu, J.G. He, H.N. Shi and P.W. Tian, Progress in Research on Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys: A Review, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2020, 22, p 2000213.10.1002/adem.202000213 ↗
16. M.S. Butt, J. Bai, X.F. Wan, C.L. Chu, F. Xue, H.Y. Ding and G.H. Zhou, Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Biodegradable Mg Strengthened Poly-Lactic Acid Composite Through Plastic Injection Molding, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2017, 70, p 141.10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.051 ↗
17. M. Park, J.E. Lee, C.G. Park, S.H. Lee, H.K. Seok and Y.B. Choy, Polycaprolactone Coating with Varying Thicknesses for Controlled Corrosion of Magnesium, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 2013, 10, p 695.10.1007/s11998-013-9474-6 ↗
18. N. Li and Y.F. Zheng, Novel Magnesium Alloys Developed for Biomedical Application: A Review, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2013, 29, p 489.10.1016/j.jmst.2013.02.005 ↗
19. F. Witte, V. Kaese, H. Haferkamp, E. Switzer and A. Meyer-Lindenberg, In Vivo Corrosion of Four Magnesium Alloys and the Associated Bone Response C. Wirth, H. J. Windhagen, Biomaterials, 2005, 26, p 3557.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.049 ↗
20. X.M. Wang, X.G. Fan, S.Z. Yuan, W.X. Jiao, B.G. Liu and J.K. Cao, Chlorogenic Acid Protects Against Aluminium-Induced Cytotoxicity Through Chelation and Antioxidant Actions in Primary Hippocampal Neuronal cells W. B. Jiang, Food Funct., 2017, 8, p 2924.10.1039/C7FO00659D ↗
21. Y.F. Ding, C. Wen, P. Hodgson and Y.C. Li, Effects of Alloying Elements on the Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys: A Review, J. Mater. Chem. B., 2014, 2, p 1912.10.1039/C3TB21746A ↗
22. S. Hirano and K.T. Suzuki, Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of rare Earths and Related Compounds, Environ. Health Perspect., 1996, 104, p 85.
23. D.X. Liu, Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibilities of Degradable Mg-RE Alloys: A Review, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2019, 8, p 1538.10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.08.003 ↗
24. H. Kuwahara, Y. Al-Abdullat, N. Mazaki, S. Tsutsumi and T. Aizawa, Precipitation of Magnesium Apatite on Pure Magnesium Surface During Immersing in Hank’s Solution, Mater. Trans., 2001, 42, p 1317.10.2320/matertrans.42.1317 ↗
25. A.H.M. Sanchez, B.J. Luthringer, F. Feyerabend and R. Willumeit, Mg and Mg Alloys: How Comparable are in Vitro and in Vivo Corrosion rates? A Review, Acta Biomater., 2015, 13, p 16.10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.048 ↗
26. A. Atrens, M. Liu and N.I.Z. Abidin, Corrosion Mechanism Applicable to Biodegradable Magnesium Implants, Mater. Sci. Eng. B., 2011, 176, p 1609.10.1016/j.mseb.2010.12.017 ↗
27. L. Xu, G. Yu, E. Zhang, F. Pan and K. Yang, In Vivo Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Mn-Zn Alloy for Bone Implant Application, Mater. Res. Part A., 2007, 83, p 703.10.1002/jbm.a.31273 ↗
28. H. Tapiero and K.D. Tew, Trace Elements in Human Physiology and Pathology: Zinc and Metallothioneins, Biomed. Pharmacother., 2003, 57, p 399.10.1016/S0753-3322(03)00081-7 ↗
29. O. Duygulu, R.A. Kaya, G. Oktay and A.A. Kaya, Investigation on the Potential of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 as a Bone Implant, Mater. Sci. Forum., 2007, 546, p 421.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.546-549.421 ↗
30. R. Zeng, W. Dietzel, F. Witte, N. Hort and C. Blawert, Progress and Challenge for Magnesium Alloys as Biomaterials, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2008, 10, p 3.10.1002/adem.200800035 ↗
31. M.P. Staiger and A.M. Pietak, Magnesium and its Alloys as Orthopedic Biomaterials: A Review, Biomaterials, 2006, 27, p 1728.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003 ↗
32. F. Witte, The History of Biodegradable Magnesium Implants: A Review, Acta Biomater., 2010, 6, p 1680.10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.028 ↗
33. P. Han, P. Cheng, S. Zhang, C. Zhao, J. Ni, Y. Zhang and Y. Chai, In vitro and in Vivo Studies on the Degradation of High-Purity Mg (99.99 wt.%) Screw with Femoral Intracondylar Fractured Rabbit Model, Biomaterials, 2015, 64, p 57.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.031 ↗
34. H. Kalb, A. Rzany and B. Hensel, Impact of Microgalvanic Corrosion on the Degradation Morphology of WE43 and Pure Magnesium Under Exposure to Simulated Body Fluid, Corros. Sci., 2012, 57, p 122.10.1016/j.corsci.2011.12.026 ↗
35. H.R. Bakhsheshi-Rad, M.R. Abdul-Kadir, M.H. Idris and S.J.C.S. Farahany, Relationship Between the Corrosion Behavior and the Thermal Characteristics and Microstructure of Mg–0.5 Ca–xZn alloys, Corros. Sci., 2012, 64, p 184.10.1016/j.corsci.2012.07.015 ↗
36. H.S. Brar, J. Wong and M.V. Manuel, Investigation of the Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Mg–Sr and Mg–Zn–Sr Alloys for Use as Potential Biodegradable Implant Materials, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2012, 7, p 87.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.07.018 ↗
37. H. Du, Z. Wei, X. Liu and E. Zhang, Effects of Zn on the Microstructure, Mechanical Property And Bio-Corrosion Property of Mg–3Ca Alloys for Biomedical Application, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2011, 125, p 568.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.10.015 ↗
38. J.C. Gao, W. Sha, L.Y. Qiao and W.A.N.G. Yong, Corrosion Behavior of Mg and Mg-Zn Alloys in Simulated Body Fluid, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2008, 18, p 588.10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60102-8 ↗
39. N.D. Nam, M. Mathesh, M. Forsyth and D.S. Jo, Effect of Manganese Additions on the Corrosion Behavior of an Extruded Mg–5Al Based Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2012, 542, p 199.10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.083 ↗
40. J. Wang, S. Huang, Y. Li, Y. Wei, X. Xi and K. Cai, Microstructure, Mechanical and Bio-Corrosion Properties of Mn-Doped Mg–Zn–Ca Bulk Metallic Glass Composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2013, 33, p 3832.10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.020 ↗
41. D.H. Cho, B.W. Lee, J.Y. Park, K.M. Cho and I.M. Park, Effect of Mn Addition on Corrosion Properties of Biodegradable Mg-4Zn-0.5 Ca-xMn Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 695, p 1166.10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.244 ↗
42. Y. Li, C. Wen, D. Mushahary, R. Sravanthi, N. Harishankar and G. Pande, Mg–Zr–Sr Alloys as Biodegradable Implant Materials, Acta Biomater., 2012, 8, p 3177.10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.028 ↗
43. G.J. Atkins, K.J. Welldon, P. Halbout and D.M. Findlay, Strontium Ranelate Treatment of Human Primary Osteoblasts Promotes an Osteocyte-Like Phenotype While Eliciting an Osteoprotegerin Response, Osteoporosis Int., 2009, 20, p 653.10.1007/s00198-008-0728-6 ↗
44. M. Bornapour, N. Muja, D. Shum-Tim and M. Cerruti, Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Mg–Sr alloys: The Formation of Sr-Substituted Hydroxyapatite, Acta Biomater., 2013, 9, p 5319.10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.045 ↗
45. I.S. Berglund, H.S. Brar, N. Dolgova, A.P. Acharya, B.G. Keselowsky, M. Sarntinoranont and M.V. Manuel, Synthesis and Characterization of Mg-Ca-Sr Alloys for Biodegradable Orthopedic Implant Applications, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B., 2012, 100, p 1524.10.1002/jbm.b.32721 ↗
46. H. Pan, K. Pang, F. Cui, F. Ge, C. Man, X. Wang and Z. Cui, Effect of Alloyed Sr on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Mg-Zn-Mn Alloy in Hanks’ Solution, Corros. Sci., 2019, 157, p 420.10.1016/j.corsci.2019.06.022 ↗
47. F. George, Vander Voort, Metallography: Principles and Practice, Metallography, 1985, 18, p 307.10.1016/0026-0800(85)90051-5 ↗
48. M. Cheng, J. Chen, H. Yan, B. Su, Z. Yu, W. Xia and X. Gong, Effects of Minor Sr Addition On Microstructure, Mechanical and Bio-Corrosion Properties of the Mg-5Zn Based Alloy System, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 691, p 95.10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.164 ↗
49. N.D. Nam, W.C. Kim, J.G. Kim, K.S. Shin and H.C. Jung, Corrosion Resistance of Mg–5Al–xSr Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509, p 4839.10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.187 ↗
50. M. Yang, F. Pan, R. Cheng and A. Tang, Effect of Mg–10Sr Master Alloy on Grain Refinement of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2008, 491, p 440.10.1016/j.msea.2008.02.017 ↗
51. F.M. Costa, M.F. Carrasco, R.F. Silva and J.M. Vieira, Trapping Control of Phase Development in Zone Melting of Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O Superconducting Fibres, Supercond. Sci. Technol., 2003, 16, p 392.10.1088/0953-2048/16/3/311 ↗
52. X. Meng, Z. Jiang, S. Zhu and S. Guan, Effects of Sr Addition on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Biodegradable Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 838, p 155611.10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155611 ↗
53. W. Liu, F. Cao, L. Chang, Z. Zhang and J. Zhang, Effect of Rare Earth Element Ce and La on Corrosion Behavior of AM60 Magnesium Alloy, Corros. Sci., 2009, 51, p 1334.10.1016/j.corsci.2009.03.018 ↗
54. L. Yang, G. Liu, L. Ma, E. Zhang, X. Zhou and G. Thompson, Effect of Iron Content on the Corrosion of Pure Magnesium: Critical Factor for Iron Tolerance Limit, Corros. Sci., 2018, 139, p 421.10.1016/j.corsci.2018.04.024 ↗
55. D. Zhang, B. Wei, Z. Wu, Z. Qi and Z. Wang, A Comparative Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Al, Ti, Zr and Hf Metallic Coatings Deposited on AZ91D Magnesium Alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 303, p 94.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.079 ↗
56. J. Wang, Y. Ma, S. Guo, W. Jiang and Q. Liu, Effect of Sr on the Microstructure and Biodegradable Behavior of Mg–Zn–Ca-Mn Alloys for Implant Application, Mater. Des., 2018, 153, p 308.10.1016/j.matdes.2018.04.062 ↗
57. D. Zander and N.A. Zumdick, Influence of Ca and Zn on the Microstructure and Corrosion of Biodegradable Mg–Ca–Zn Alloys, Corros. Sci., 2015, 93, p 222.10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.027 ↗
58. M. Ge, J. Xiang, L. Yang and J.T. Wang, Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy in a Simulated Body Fluid, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 310, p 157.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.093 ↗
59. Y. Zhang, C. Yan, F. Wang and W. Li, Electrochemical Behavior of Anodized Mg Alloy AZ91D in chloride containing aqueous solution, Corros. Sci., 2005, 47, p 2816.10.1016/j.corsci.2005.01.010 ↗
60. G. Baril, G. Galicia, C. Deslouis, N. Pébère, B. Tribollet and V. Vivier, An Impedance Investigation of the Mechanism of Pure Magnesium Corrosion in Sodium Sulfate Solutions, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2007, 154, p 108.10.1149/1.2401056 ↗
61. R.V. Suganthi, K. Elayaraja, M.I.A. Joshy, V.S. Chandra, E.K. Girija and S.N. Kalkura, Fibrous Growth of Strontium Substituted Hydroxyapatite and its Drug Release, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2011, 31, p 593.10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.025 ↗
62. X. Cao, C.X. Xu, Z.W. Zhang, Y.W. Yang and J.S. Zhang, Effect of I-Phase Morphology and Microstructure Transformation in Biomedical Mg-3Zn-1Mn-1Y Alloys on vitro Degradation Behavior in Dynamic Simulated Body Fluid, J. Mater. Sci., 2021, 56, p 12394.10.1007/s10853-021-06091-x ↗
63. P. Bai, H. Zhao, S. Zheng and C. Chen, Initiation and Developmental Stages of Steel Corrosion in Wet H2S Environments, Corros. Sci., 2015, 93, p 109.10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.024 ↗
64. Y. Liu, X. Liu, Z. Zhang, N. Farrell, D. Chen and Y. Zheng, Comparative, Real-Time in Situ Monitoring of Galvanic Corrosion in Mg-Mg2Ca and Mg-MgZn2 Couples in Hank’s Solution, Corros. Sci., 2019, 161, p 108185.10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108185 ↗
65. L.X. Wang, R.B. Song, C.H. Cai and J.Y. Li, Enhanced Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Mg–2Zn–0.6 Zr Alloy with Extrusion, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 2019, 32, p 10.10.1007/s40195-018-0793-6 ↗
66. D. Zander and C. Schnatterer, The Influence of Manufacturing Processes on the Microstructure and Corrosion of the AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Evaluated Using a Computational Image Analysis, Corros. Sci., 2015, 98, p 291.10.1016/j.corsci.2015.05.032 ↗
67. H. Ardelean, A. Seyeux, S. Zanna, F. Prima and I. Frateur, Corrosion Processes of Mg–Y–Nd–Zr Alloys in Na2SO4 Electrolyte, Corros. Sci., 2013, 73, p 196.10.1016/j.corsci.2013.03.036 ↗
68. J. Wang, Y. Li, S. Huang and X. Zhou, Study of the Corrosion Behaviour and the Corrosion Films Formed on the Surfaces of Mg-xSn Alloys in 3.5wt.% NaCl Solution, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 317, p 1143.10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.09.040 ↗
69. C. Cai, R. Song and L. Wang, Surface Corrosion Behavior and Reaction Product Film Deposition Mechanism of Mg-Zn-Zr-Nd Alloys During Degradation Process in Hank’s Solution, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2018, 342, p 57.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.085 ↗