Effects of Double and Triple Hybrid Nanomaterial Reinforcements on Mechanical Performance of Aluminium Adhesive Joints
Source abstract
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, mechanical performance of adhesive joints has been considerably improved with nanosized materials reinforced into the adhesive. With promising results, nanomaterial based new materials with minimum cost and high efficiency have become the target. In this study, it was aimed to reach adhesive joints that offer maximum mechanical performance according to cost and weight by using the hybrid nanomaterial reinforcement strategy and synergistic effect. For this purpose, FPL-etched AA7075-T6 aluminum adherends were bonded with individual, double and triple hybrid nanomaterial reinforced epoxy adhesive as single lap joint and shear tests were performed. In hybrid reinforced adhesive joints, it was aimed to formation hybrid reinforcements with more affordable ANP (alumina nanopowder) and SNP (silica nanopowder) materials by reducing the content of higher cost MWCNT (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) based on creating synergistic effect. Considering the cost and weight, the most remarkable result in the study was obtained with the optimum mechanical performance in the triple hybrid reinforcement with 2 ANP + 2 SNP + 0.25 MWCNT (wt.%) reinforced adhesive joint. In this sense, 24.17% higher shear strength was determined compared to the improvement of the maximum shear strength obtained in individual reinforced adhesive joints (10 wt.% SNP reinforcements).
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced ceramic materials synthesis · Railway Systems and Materials Science · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. K. Jayakrishna, V.R. Kar, M.T.H. Sultan, and M. Rajesh, Materials selection for aerospace components, Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Sawston, Cambridge, 2018, p 1–18
2. A.T. Kermanidis, Aircraft aluminum alloys: applications and future trends, Revolutionizing Aircraft Materials and Processes. S. Pantelakis, K. Tserpes Ed., Springer, Cham, 2020, p 21–5510.1007/978-3-030-35346-9_2 ↗
3. G. Sun, Y. Wei, X. Huo, Q. Luo, and Q. Li, On Quasi-Static Large Deflection of Single Lap Joints Under Transverse Loading, Thin Walled Struct., 2022, 170, p 108572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.10857210.1016/j.tws.2021.108572 ↗
4. N. Choupani, Characterization of Fracture in Adhesively Bonded Double-Lap Joints, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2009, 29(8), p 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2009.05.00210.1016/j.ijadhadh.2009.05.002 ↗
5. M.S. Gupta and K. Veeranjaneyulu, Fabrication and Anayisis of Adhesive joints Used in Aircraft Structures, Mater. Today Proc., 2017, 4(8), p 8279–8286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.17010.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.170 ↗
6. M. Dong, H. Zhang, L. Tzounis, G. Santagiuliana, E. Bilotti, and D.G. Papageorgiou, Multifunctional Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced by Two-Dimensional Materials: A Review, Carbon, 2021, 185, p 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.09.00910.1016/j.carbon.2021.09.009 ↗
7. A.N. Giv, M.R. Ayatollahi, S.H. Ghaffari, and L.F.M. da Silva, Effect of Reinforcements at Different Scales on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives and Adhesive Joints: A Review, J. Adhes., 2018, 94, p 1082–1121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2018.145273610.1080/00218464.2018.1452736 ↗
8. M. May, H.M. Wang, and R. Akid, Effects of the Addition of Inorganic Nanoparticles on the Adhesive Strength of a Hybrid Sol–Gel Epoxy System, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2010, 30(6), p 505–512.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2010.05.002 ↗
9. M. Preghenella, A. Pegoretti, and C. Migliaresi, Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy Analysis of Epoxy–Silica Nanocomposites, Polym. Test., 2006, 25(4), p 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.01.00910.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.01.009 ↗
10. P.K. Balguria, D.G.H. Samuel, and U. Thumu, A Review on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites, Mater. Today Proc., 2021, 44(1), p 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.74210.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.742 ↗
11. Z.Y. Tee, S.P. Yeap, C.S. Hassan, and P.L. Kiew, Nano and Non-Nano Fillers in Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins: A Brief Review, Polym. Plast. Technol. Mater., 2022, 61(7), p 709–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/25740881.2021.201577810.1080/25740881.2021.2015778 ↗
12. S. Akpınar, Alüminyum Oksit ve Titanyum Dioksit Partikül Takviyeli Yapıştırıcılarla Birleştirilmiş Bağlantıların Mekanik Özelliklerinin Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi, Nigde Univ. J. Eng. Sci., 2016, 5(2), p 244–252.
13. S.K. Gupta and D.K. Shukla, Quasi-static and Dynamic Lap Shear Strength of Aluminium Joints Bonded with Epoxy/Alumina Nanocomposite Adhesive, J. Dyn. Behav. Mater., 2020, 6, p 186–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-020-00235-x10.1007/s40870-020-00235-x ↗
14. A. Dorigato and A. Pegoretti, The Role of Alumina Nanoparticles in Epoxy Adhesives, J. Nanopart. Res., 2011, 13, p 2429–2441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0130-010.1007/s11051-010-0130-0 ↗
15. S.K. Gupta, D.K. Shukla and A. Bharti, Effect of alumina nanoparticles on shear strength of epoxy adhesive: experimental and finite element analysis. International Conference on Advances in Mechanical, Industrial Automation and Management Systems (AMIAMS), Allahabad, India, 3–5 Feb 201710.1109/AMIAMS.2017.8069230 ↗
16. I.A. Akpınar, K. Gültekin, S. Akpınar, H. Akbulut, and A. Ozel, Experimental Analysis on the Single-Lap Joints Bonded by a Nanocomposite Adhesives Which Obtained by Adding Nanostructures, Compos. B Eng., 2017, 110, p 420–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.04610.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.046 ↗
17. G. Gkikas, D. Sioulas, A. Lekatou, N.M. Barkoula, and A.S. Paipetis, Enhanced Bonded Aircraft Repair Using Nano-Modified Adhesives, Mater. Des., 2012, 41, p 394–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.05210.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.052 ↗
18. N. Ataberk, M. Ekrem, and Y. Özdemir, Mechanical properties of the combined single lap-shear connections with graphene doped epoxy adhesives. 3rd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies (ISAS2019), Ankara, Türkiye, 19–21 April 2019
19. M.S.I. Alies and N.Z. Khalil, Effect of Alumina/Graphene Hybrid Nano Reinforcement to the Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Adhesively Bonded Aluminum Alloy with Epoxy, Mater. Today Proc., 2022, 51, p 1437–1443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.08710.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.087 ↗
20. P. Jojibabu, M. Jagannatham, P. Haridoss, G.D.J. Ram, A.P. Deshpande, and S.R. Bakshi, Effect of Different Carbon Nano-Fillers on Rheological Properties and Lap Shear Strength of Epoxy Adhesive Joints, Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2016, 82, p 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.12.00310.1016/j.compositesa.2015.12.003 ↗
21. C. Xiao, Y. Tan, X. Yang, T. Xu, L. Wang, and Z. Qi, Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Nano-SiO2 Particles and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2018, 695, p 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.06010.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.060 ↗
22. M.K. Shukla, and K. Sharma, Effect of Carbon Nanofillers on the Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Epoxy Based Nanocomposites: A Review, Polym. Sci. Ser. A, 2019, 61, p 439–460.10.1134/S0965545X19040096 ↗
23. X. Wang, L. Wang, Q. Su, and J. Zheng, Use of Unmodified SiO2 as Nanofiller to Improve Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2013, 89, p 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.09.01810.1016/j.compscitech.2013.09.018 ↗
24. Z. Ahmadi, Nanostructured Epoxy Adhesives: A Review, Prog. Org. Coat., 2019, 135, p 449–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.06.02810.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.06.028 ↗
25. M. Hemath, S.M. Rangappa, V. Kushvaha, H.N. Dhakal, and S. Siengchin, A Comprehensive Review on Mechanical, Electromagnetic Radiation Shielding, and Thermal Conductivity of Fibers/Inorganic Fillers Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites, Polym. Compos., 2020, 41(10), p 3940–3965. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2570310.1002/pc.25703 ↗
26. P. Zamani, L.F.M. da Silva, R.M. Nejad, D.G. Moghaddam, and B. Soltannia, Experimental Study on Mixing Ratio Effect of Hybrid Graphene Nanoplatelet/Nano-Silica Reinforcement on the Static and Fatigue Life of Aluminum-to-GFRP Bonded Joints Under Four-Point Bending, Compos. Struct., 2022, 300, p 116108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.11610810.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116108 ↗
27. A.K. Singh, B.P. Panda, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, and M.K. Gupta, Synergistic Effect of Hybrid Graphene and Boron Nitride on the Cure Kinetics and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Adhesives, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2017, 28, p 1851–1864. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.407210.1002/pat.4072 ↗
28. M. Ekrem, Ö.S. Sahin, S.E. Karabulut, and A. Avcı, Thermal Stability and Adhesive Strength of Boron Nitride Nano Platelets and Carbon Nano Tube Modified Adhesives, J. Compos. Mater., 2017, 52(11), p 1557–1565. https://doi.org/10.1177/002199831772614710.1177/0021998317726147 ↗
29. S.M.J. Razavi, M.R. Ayatollahi, A.N. Giv, and H. Khoramishad, Single Lap Joints Bonded with Structural Adhesives Reinforced with a Mixture of Silica Nanoparticles and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2018, 80, p 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.10.00710.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.10.007 ↗
30. Ö. Özbek and M.V. Çakır, MWCNT, and Nano-Silica Hybrids Effect on Mechanical and Fracture Characterization of Single Lap Joints of GFRP Plates, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2022, 117, p 103159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.10315910.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.103159 ↗
31. M.S.I. Alies and N.Z. Khalil, Effect of Alumina/Graphene Hybrid Nano Reinforcement to the Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Adhesively Bonded Aluminum Alloy with Epoxy, Mater. Today Proc., 2021, 51(2), p 1437–1443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.08710.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.087 ↗
32. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International), ASTM D1002-99 Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joints Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal) (ASTM D1002-99). United States (1999)
33. https://www.seykoc.com.tr/icerik/7075?dil=tr
34. ASTM D2651-01, Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 United States (2016). https://doi.org/10.1520/D2651-0110.1520/D2651-01 ↗
35. Henkel, Loctite EA 9396 AERO Technical Process Bulletin. https://www.aero-consultants.ch/view/data/3285/Produkte/Henkel%20Adhesive/LOCTITE%20EA%209396%20AERO.pdf
36. Nanografi Nanotechnology. https://shop.nanografi.com.tr/
37. İ Saraç, H. Adin, and Ş Temiz, Investigation of the Effect of Use of Nano-Al2O3, Nano-TiO2 and Nano-SiO2 Powders on Strength of Single Lap Joints Bonded with Epoxy Adhesive, Compos. B, 2019, 166, p 472–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.00710.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.007 ↗
38. K. Gültekin, S. Akpınar, A. Gürses, Z. Eroğlu, S. Cam, H. Akbulut, Z. Keskin, and A. Özel, The Effects of Graphene Nanostructure Reinforcement on the Adhesive Method and the Graphene Reinforcement Ratio on the Failure Load in Adhesively Bonded Joints, Compos. B Eng., 2016, 98, p 362–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.03910.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.039 ↗
39. E. Ozun, R. Ceylan, M.Ö. Bora, O. Çoban, and T. Kutluk, Combined Effect of Surface Pretreatment and Nanomaterial Reinforcement on the Adhesion Strength of Aluminium Joints, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2022, 119, p 103274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.10327410.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.103274 ↗
40. A.C. Marques, A. Mocanu, N.Z. Tomić, S. Balos, E. Stammen, A. Lundevall, S.T. Abrahami, R. Günther, J.M.M. de Kok, and S.F. de Freitas, Review on Adhesives and Surface Treatments for Structural Applications: Recent Developments on Sustainability and Implementation for Metal and Composite Substrates, Materials, 2020, 13(24), p 5590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1324559010.3390/ma13245590 ↗
41. J. Bishopp, Surface pretreatment for structural bonding, Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants. P. Cognard Ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2005, p 163–214
42. L.F.M. da Silva, N.M.A.J. Ferreira, V. Richter-Trummer, and E.A.S. Marques, Effect of Grooves on the Strength of Adhesively Bonded Joints, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2010, 30(8), p 735–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2010.07.00510.1016/j.ijadhadh.2010.07.005 ↗
43. H. Zhou, H.Y. Liu, H. Zhou, Y. Zhang, X. Gao, and Y.W. Mai, On Adhesive Properties of Nano-Silica/Epoxy Bonded Single-Lap Joints, Mater. Des., 2016, 95, p 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.05510.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.055 ↗
44. M.S. Goyat, A. Hooda, T.K. Gupta, K. Kumar, S. Halder, P.K. Ghosh, and B.S. Dehiya, Role of Non-Functionalized Oxide Nanoparticles on Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms of Epoxy Nanocomposites, Ceram. Int., 2021, 47(16), p 22316–22344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.08310.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.083 ↗
45. B. Wang, Y. Bai, X. Hu, and P. Lu, Enhanced Epoxy Adhesion Between Steel Plates by Surface Treatment and CNT/Short-Fibre Reinforcement, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2016, 127, p 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.03.00810.1016/j.compscitech.2016.03.008 ↗
46. Z. He, Q. Luo, Q. Li, G. Zheng, and G. Sun, Fatigue Behavior of CFRP/Al Adhesive Joints—FAİLURE Mechanisms Study Using Digital İmage Correlation (DIC) Technique, Thin Walled Struct., 2022, 174, p 109075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2022.10907510.1016/j.tws.2022.109075 ↗
47. Y. Hu, B. Yuan, F. Cheng and X. Hu, NaOH Etching and Resin Pre-Coating Treatments for Stronger Adhesive Bonding Between CFRP and Aluminium Alloy, Compos. Part B Eng., 2019, 178, p 107478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.10747810.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107478 ↗
48. M.V. Çakır and D. Kinay, MWCNT, Nano-Silica, and Nano-Clay Additives Effects on Adhesion Performance of Dissimilar Materials Bonded Joints, Polym. Compos., 2021, 42, p 5880–5892. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.2626810.1002/pc.26268 ↗
49. H. Khoramishad, M. Ebrahimijamal, and M. Fasihi, The Effect of Graphene Oxide Nano-Platelets on Fracture Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Joints, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. (FFEMS), 2017, 40, p 1905–1916. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.1261210.1111/ffe.12612 ↗
50. N.Z. Khalil, M.S. Johanne, and M. Ishak, Influence of Al2O3 Nanoreinforcement on the Adhesion and Thermomechanical Properties for Epoxy Adhesive, Compos. B Eng., 2019, 172, p 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.05.00710.1016/j.compositesb.2019.05.007 ↗
51. M.R. Ayatollahi, A.N. Giv, S.M.J. Razavi, and H. Khoramishad, Mechanical Properties of Adhesively Single Lap-Bonded Joints Reinforced with Multi- Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Silica Nanoparticles, J. Adhes., 2017, 93(11), p 896–913. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2016.118706910.1080/00218464.2016.1187069 ↗
52. L.C. Tang, Y.J. Wan, K. Peng, Y.B. Pei, L.B. Wu, L.M. Chen, L.J. Shu, J.X. Jiang, and G.Q. Lai, Fracture Toughness and Electrical Conductivity of Epoxy Composites Filled With Carbon Nanotubes and Spherical Particles, Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2013, 45, p 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.09.01210.1016/j.compositesa.2012.09.012 ↗
53. T.H. Hsieh, A.J. Kinloch, A.C. Taylor, and S. Sprenger, The Effect of Silica Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes on the Toughness of a Thermosetting Epoxy Polymer, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2011, 119, p 2135–2142. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.3293710.1002/app.32937 ↗