Effect of Microstructure on Impact Toughness and Fatigue Performance in Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of Bainitic Steel Welds
Source abstract
Abstract
Microstructure formation in coarse-grained heat-affected zones (CGHAZs) of bainitic steel welds under multiple welding thermal cycles was investigated by microstructure characterization and finite element modeling. The impact toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance for the CGHAZs were further examined, and the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties was clarified. The CGHAZ at weld root (CGHAZ-R) experienced three welding thermal cycles with peak temperatures of 1198, 892 and 603 °C, respectively. The microstructure at the CGHAZ-R evolved into fine lath bainite after the first-layer welding, and then transformed into fine polygonal ferrite and granular bainite with refined martensite–austenite (M-A) islands after the second-layer welding. Finally, the M-A islands were tempered during the third-layer welding. For the CGHAZ at the weld toe (CGHAZ-T), the peak temperatures of three thermal cycles were 525, 1022 and 1250 °C, respectively. Its resultant microstructure was composed of lath bainite and granular bainite due to the intermediate cooling rate in the last thermal cycle. Electron backscatter diffraction results show that the density of high angle grain boundary (HAGB) at the CGHAZ-R was higher than that at the CGHAZ-T. Compared to the CGHAZ-T, the CGHAZ-R presented superior impact toughness and a lower fatigue crack growth rate. The higher impact toughness of CGHAZ-R was because of the higher plastic deformation capacity of polygonal ferrite and the tempered fine M-A islands. The retarded fatigue crack growth of CGHAZ-R was due to the numerous crack deflections induced by the high-density HAGB and the high plastic deformability of the polygonal ferrite.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (32)
Show source-provided references
1. X.J. Di, M. Tong, C.N. Li, C. Zhao, and D.P. Wang, Microstructural evolution and its influence on toughness in simulated inter-critical heat affected zone of large thickness bainitic steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2019, 743, p 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.07010.1016/j.msea.2018.11.070 ↗
2. L.Y. Lan, C.L. Qiu, D.W. Zhao, X.H. Gao, and L.X. Du, Analysis of microstructural variation and mechanical behaviors in submerged arc welded joint of high strength low carbon bainitic steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2012, 558, p 592–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.08.05710.1016/j.msea.2012.08.057 ↗
3. C.F. Fang, X.H. Meng, Q.X. Hu, F.J. Wang, and M. Ming, TANDEM and GMAW twin wire welding of Q690steel used in hydraulic support, J. Iron. Steel. Res. Int., 2012, 19(5), p 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60104-610.1016/S1006-706X(12)60104-6 ↗
4. Q.H. Pang, Z.Z. Zhao, and D. Tang, Microstructure and properties of hot-rolled high strength bainitic steel by laser welding, Mater. Des., 2015, 87, p 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.05510.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.055 ↗
5. G.M. Xie, R.H. Duan, Y.Q. Wang, Z.A. Luo, C. Wang, and G.D. Wang, Crystallography of the nugget zone of bainitic steel by friction stir welding in various cooling mediums, Mater. Char., 2021, 182, 111523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.11152310.1016/j.matchar.2021.111523 ↗
6. C. Liu, and S.D. Bhole, Challenges and developments in pipeline weldability and mechanical properties, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2013, 18(2), p 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217812Y.000000009010.1179/136217812Y.0000000090 ↗
7. J. Xie, C. Cai, Y. Liang, Z.J. Liu, and Y.R. Ma, Microstrcuture and mechanical properties of heat affected zone of laser-MAG hybrid welded low carbon bainitic steel joints, Opt. Laser. Technol., 2022, 148, 107729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.10772910.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107729 ↗
8. L.Y. Lan, C.L. Qiu, D.W. Zhao, X.H. Gao, and L.X. Du, Microstructural characteristics and toughness of the simulated coarse grained heat affected zone of high strength low carbon bainitic steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2011, 529, p 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.01710.1016/j.msea.2011.09.017 ↗
9. L.Y. Lan, C.L. Qiu, D.W. Zhao, X.H. Gao, and L.X. Du, Analysis of martensite–austenite constituent and its effect on toughness in submerged arc welded joint of low carbon bainitic steel, J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 47, p 4732–4742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6346-x10.1007/s10853-012-6346-x ↗
10. P.S. Zhou, B. Wang, L. Wang, Y.W. Hu, and L. Zhou, Effect of welding heat input on grain boundary evolution and toughness properties in CGHAZ of X90 pipeline steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2018, 722, p 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.02910.1016/j.msea.2018.03.029 ↗
11. X.C. Yang, X.J. Di, X.G. Liu, D.P. Wang, and C.N. Li, Effects of heat input on microstructure and fracture toughness of simulated coarse-grained heat affected zone for HSLA steels, Mater. Char., 2019, 155, p 109818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.10981810.1016/j.matchar.2019.109818 ↗
12. X.L. Wang, Z.Q. Wang, L.L. Dong, C.J. Shang, X.P. Ma, and S.V. Subramanian, New insights into the mechanism of cooling rate on the impact toughness of coarse grained heat affected zone from the aspect of variant selection, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2017, 704, p 448–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.07.09510.1016/j.msea.2017.07.095 ↗
13. X.L. Wang, Z.Q. Wang, X.P. Ma, S.V. Subramanian, Z.J. Xie, C.J. Shang and X.C. Li, Analysis of impact toughness scatter in simulated coarse-grained HAZ of E550 grade offshore engineering steel from the aspect of crystallographic structure, Mater. Char., 2018, 140, p 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.03.03710.1016/j.matchar.2018.03.037 ↗
14. H.F. Lan, L.X. Du, Q. Li, C.L. Qiu, J.P. Li, and R.D.K. Misra, Improvement of strength-toughness combination in austempered low carbon bainitic steel: the key role of refining prior austenite grain size, J. Alloy Comp., 2017, 710, p 702–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.02410.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.024 ↗
15. J.J. Cui, W.T. Zhu, Z.Y. Chen, and L.Q. Chen, Microstructural characteristics and impact fracture behaviors of a novel high-strength low-carbon bainitic steel with different reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zones, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2020, 51, p 6258–6268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-06017-310.1007/s11661-020-06017-3 ↗
16. Z.X. Zhu, L. Kuzmikova, H.J. Li, and F. Barbaro, Effect of inter-critically reheating temperature on microstructure and properties of simulated inter-critically reheated coarse grained heat affected zone in X70 steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2014, 605, p 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.03.03410.1016/j.msea.2014.03.034 ↗
17. M. Mohammadijoo, J. Valloton, L. Collins, H. Henein, and D.G. Ivey, Characterization of martensite-austenite constituents and micro-hardness in intercritical reheated and coarse-grained heat affected zones of API X70 HSLA steel, Mater Char., 2018, 142, p 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.05.05710.1016/j.matchar.2018.05.057 ↗
18. J. Hu, L.X. Du, J.J. Wang, H. Xie, C.R. Gao, and R.D.K. Misra, High toughness in the intercritically reheated coarse-grained (ICRCG) heat-affected zone (HAZ) of low carbon microalloyed steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2014, 590, p 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.06210.1016/j.msea.2013.10.062 ↗
19. B. Hutchinson, J. Komenda, G.S. Rohrer, and H. Beladi, Heat affected zone microstructures and their influence on toughness in two microalloyed HSLA steels, Acta Mater., 2015, 97, p 380–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.05510.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.055 ↗
20. G.K. Ahiale, and Y.J. Oh, Microstructure and fatigue performance of butt-welded joints in advanced high-strength steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2014, 597, p 342–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.00710.1016/j.msea.2014.01.007 ↗
21. CN-GB/T 2650 Impact test methods on welded joints (2008)
22. CN-GB/T 229 Metallic materials-Charpy pendulum impact test method (2007)
23. ASTM A370-18 Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products (2016)
24. ASTM E647-15 Standard test method for measurement of fatigue crack growth rates (2015)
25. J. Wang, Y.F. Shen, W.Y. Xue, N. Jia, and R.D.K. Misra, The Significant Impact of Introducing Nanosize Recipitates and Decreased Effective Grain Size on Retention of High Toughness of Simulated Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2021, 803, 140484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.14048410.1016/j.msea.2020.140484 ↗
26. M. Calcagnotto, D. Ponge, E. Demir, and D. Raabe, Orientation gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations in ultrafine grained dual-phase steels studied by 2D and 3D EBSD, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2010, 527, p 2738–2746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.01.00410.1016/j.msea.2010.01.004 ↗
27. C.J. Hamelin, O. Muransky, M.C. Smith, T.M. Holden, V. Luzin, and P.J. Bendeich, Validation of a numerical model used to predict phase distribution and residual stress in ferritic steel weldments, Acta Mater., 2014, 97, p 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.04.04510.1016/j.actamat.2014.04.045 ↗
28. J.S. Kang, J.B. Seol, and C.G. Park, Three-dimensional characterization of bainite microstructures in low-carbon high-strength low-alloy steel studied by electron backscatter diffraction, Mater. Char., 2013, 79, p 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.02.00910.1016/j.matchar.2013.02.009 ↗
29. K. Peng, C.L. Yang, C.L. Fan, and S.B. Lin, In situ observation and electron backscattered diffraction analysis of granular bainite in simulated heat affected zone of high strength low alloy, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2018, 23, p 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2017.135177710.1080/13621718.2017.1351777 ↗
30. Y.L. Zhou, T. Jia, X.J. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, and R.D.K. Misra, Investigation on tempering of granular bainite in an offshore platform steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2015, 626, p 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.07410.1016/j.msea.2014.12.074 ↗
31. G.J. Mao, C. Cayron, R. Cao, R. Loge, and J.H. Chen, The relationship between low-temperature toughness and secondary crack in low-carbon bainitic weld metals, Mater. Char., 2018, 145, p 516–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.09.01210.1016/j.matchar.2018.09.012 ↗
32. J. Shang, W.F. Chen, J.Y. Zheng, Z.L. Hua, L. Zhang, C.S. Zhou, and C.H. Gu, Enhanced hydrogen embrittlement of low-carbon steel to natural gas/hydrogen mixtures, Script. Mater., 2020, 189, p 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.08.01110.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.08.011 ↗