Research on the Influence of the Load Direction and the Cross-Section Shape on the Young's Modulus of Elements Produced by the Fused Deposition Modeling Method
Source abstract
Abstract
The mechanical properties and behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufactured (AM) polymeric products are influenced by a variety of parameters. The subject of this research was to determine how parameters such as compressive load direction and the shape of the 3D-printed specimens affect elastic modulus measurements for four different polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. The methods of measurement of compressive Young’s modulus of FDM 3D prints are not yet clearly standardized, although their values are important in creating accurate numerical models of the strength AM products. In this paper, the authors prepared four sets of specimens. Each set consisted of five sample triplets—one with circular, one with triangular and three with square cross sections to perform tri-directional quasistatic compression trials. Based on the results, it was concluded that the shape of the specimens did not affect elastic modulus values for sets made of the same material. However way the direction of the load applied caused test results to vary differently for different types of PLA material.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Manufacturing Process and Optimization · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (34)
Show source-provided references
1. Grand View Research Inc. (2021) 3D Printing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Component, By Printer Type (Desktop, Industrial), By Technology, By Software, By Application, By Vertical, By Material, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2021 - 2028. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/3d-printing-industry-analysis
2. Sculpteo (2021) The State of 3D Printing—The data you need to understand the 3D Printing world and build your 3D Printing strategy. https://www.sculpteo.com/en/ebooks/state-of-3d-printing-report-2021/. Accessed 13 Jan 202210.1016/B978-0-12-818311-3.00017-3 ↗
3. C.W. Hull (1984) Apparatus for Production of Three-Dmensonal Objects By Stereo Thography. Patent 16
4. N. Shahrubudin, T.C. Lee and R. Ramlan, An Overview on 3D Printing Technology: Technological, Materials, and Applications, Procedia Manuf., 2019, 35, p 1286–1296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.08910.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.089 ↗
5. A.R. Torrado and D.A. Roberson, Failure Analysis and Anisotropy Evaluation of 3D-Printed Tensile Test Specimens of Different Geometries and Print Raster Patterns, J. Failure Anal. Prevent., 2016, 16, p 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0067-410.1007/s11668-016-0067-4 ↗
6. S.C. Ligon, R. Liska, J. Stampfl et al., Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing, Chemical Reviews, 2017, 117, p 10212–10290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b0007410.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 ↗
7. I. Anderson, Mechanical Properties of Specimens 3D Printed with Virgin and Recycled Polylactic Acid, 3D Print. Addit. Manuf., 2017, 4, p 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2016.005410.1089/3dp.2016.0054 ↗
8. B.M. Tymrak, M. Kreiger and J.M. Pearce, Mechanical Properties of Components Fabricated with Open-Source 3-D Printers Under Realistic Environmental Conditions, Mater. Des., 2014, 58, p 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.03810.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.038 ↗
9. M. Lay, N.L.N. Thajudin, Z.A.A. Hamid et al., Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of PLA, ABS and Nylon 6 Fabricated Using Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection Molding, Compos. Part B Eng., 2019, 176, p 107341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.10734110.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107341 ↗
10. M.A. Cuiffo, J. Snyder, A.M. Elliott et al., Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure, Appl. Sci. (Switzerland), 2017, 7, p 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/app706057910.3390/app7060579 ↗
11. K. Szykiedans and W. Credo, Mechanical Properties of FDM and SLA Low-Cost 3-D Prints, Procedia Eng., 2016, 136, p 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.20710.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.207 ↗
12. T. Kozior and C. Kundera, Evaluation of the Influence of Parameters of FDM Technology on the Selected Mechanical Properties of Models, Procedia Eng., 2017, 192, p 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.08010.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.080 ↗
13. Ahn SH, Montero M, Odell D, et al (2002) Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS10.1108/13552540210441166 ↗
14. C.A. Griffiths, J. Howarth, G.D.A. Rowbotham and A. Rees, Effect of Build Parameters on Processing Efficiency and Material Performance in Fused Deposition Modelling, Procedia CIRP, 2016, 49, p 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.02410.1016/j.procir.2015.07.024 ↗
15. J. Xu, F. Xu and G. Gao, The Effect of 3D Printing Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2021, 2133, p 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/01202610.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012026 ↗
16. S. Brischetto, A. Ciano and C.G. Ferro, A Multipurpose Modular Drone with Adjustable Arms Produced via the FDM Additive Manufacturing Process, Curved Layered Struct., 2016, 3, p 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1515/cls-2016-001610.1515/cls-2016-0016 ↗
17. S. Brischetto, C. Ferro, P. Maggiore and R. Torre, Compression Tests of ABS Specimens for UAV Components Produced via the FDM Technique, Technologies, 2017, 5, p 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies502002010.3390/technologies5020020 ↗
18. G. Alaimo, S. Marconi, L. Costato and F. Auricchio, Influence of Meso-Structure and Chemical Composition on FDM 3D-Printed Parts, Compos. Part B Eng., 2017, 113, p 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.01910.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.019 ↗
19. D.W. Abbot, D.V.V. Kallon, C. Anghel and P. Dube, Finite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Model via Compression Tests, Procedia Manuf., 2019, 35, p 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.00110.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.001 ↗
20. Y. Zhao, Y. Chen and Y. Zhou, Novel Mechanical Models of Tensile Strength and Elastic Property of FDM AM PLA Materials: Experimental and Theoretical Analyses, Mater. Des., 2019, 181, p 108089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.10808910.1016/j.matdes.2019.108089 ↗
21. T. Yao, Z. Deng, K. Zhang and S. Li, A method to Predict the Ultimate Tensile Strength of 3D Printing Polylactic Acid (PLA) Materials with Different Printing Orientations, Compos. Part B Eng., 2019, 163, p 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.02510.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.025 ↗
22. M. Zouaoui, C. Labergere, J. Gardan et al., Numerical Prediction of 3d Printed Specimens Based on a Strengthening Method of Fracture Toughness, Procedia CIRP, 2019, 81, p 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.00810.1016/j.procir.2019.03.008 ↗
23. J. Gardan, A. Makke and N. Recho, Improving the Fracture Toughness of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polymers by Fused Deposition Modeling, Int. J. Fracture, 2018, 210, p 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-017-0257-410.1007/s10704-017-0257-4 ↗
24. J. Gardan, A. Makke and N. Recho, A Method to Improve the Fracture Toughness Using 3D Printing by Extrusion Deposition, Procedia Struct. Integr., 2016, 2, p 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.01910.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.019 ↗
25. International Organization for Standardization (2012) ISO 527, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties
26. ASTM International (2015) ASTM-D695, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
27. PLA Starter - ROSA3D. https://rosa3d.pl/portfolio-items/plastarter-2/?fbclid=IwAR2-C3gmibE6jiX-r4ZAD1f9kKR8Lx5BCuVxuKaqTOslxWnXv77wtRoAJT4. Accessed 13 Jan 2022
28. A. Przybytek, J. Kucińska-Lipka and H. Janik, Thermoplastic Elastomer Filaments and Their Application in 3D Printing, Elastomery, 2016, 20, p 32–39.
29. TDS Impact PLA. https://2b3d.pl/public/assets//TDS IMPACT PLA PL.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2022
30. TDS Easy PLA. https://fiberlogy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TDS-EASY-PLA_EN-1.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2022
31. N. Fanegas, M.A. Gómez, I. Jiménez et al., Optimizing the Balance Between Impact Strength and Stiffness in Polypropylene/Elastomer Blends by Incorporation of a Nucleating Agent, Polym. Eng. Sci., 2008, 48, p 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.2088610.1002/pen.20886 ↗
32. R.J. Zaldivar, T.D. Mclouth, G.L. Ferrelli et al., Effect of Initial Filament Moisture Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of ULTEM ® 9085 3D Printed Parts, Addit. Manuf., 2018, 24, p 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.02210.1016/j.addma.2018.10.022 ↗
33. A.D. Drozdov and C.J. de Claville, The Effect of Porosity on Elastic Moduli of Polymer Foams, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.4844910.1002/app.48449 ↗
34. Q. He, H. Wang, K. Fu and L. Ye, 3D Printed Continuous CF/PA6 Composites: Effect of Microscopic Voids on Mechanical Performance, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2020, 191, p 108077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.10807710.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108077 ↗