Wear Behavior of Newly Developed Bainitic Wheel Steels
Source abstract
Abstract
The present work concentrates on the analysis of wear behavior of bainitic steels made by austempering from a microalloyed steel MAS2, meant for making railway wheel, and comparison with that of a conventional railway wheel steel, wheel-R19. Austempering of the MAS2 steel samples has been performed at different times and temperatures to obtain different morphologies of bainite. Linearly reciprocating dry sliding wear tests of these samples have been carried out at laboratory scale using five different loads. The wear behavior of the bainitic steels has been compared with that of the ferritic-pearlitic steel, wheel-R19. Mechanical properties of the bainitic MAS2 steels are found to be more than that of the wheel-R19 steel. Considerable enhancement in wear resistance of the bainitic steels is attributed to high hardness and strength of the steels. The wear mechanism has been critically analyzed by examining wear track morphology. The wear data gathered have been graphically presented in the form of wear mechanism map to understand the material behavior under different sliding conditions and subsequent morphological variations.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis · Metal Alloys Wear and Properties · Railway Engineering and Dynamics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (29)
Show source-provided references
1. Stuart L. Grassie, Rolling Contact Fatigue on the BRITISH RAILWAY SYSTEM: TREATMENT, Wear, 2005, 258, p 1310–131810.1016/j.wear.2004.03.065 ↗
2. J. Tunna, J. Sinclair, and J. Perez, A Review of Wheel Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue, Proc. I Mech E 221, Part F: J. Rail and Rapid Transit, 2007, p 271-28910.1243/0954409JRRT72 ↗
3. C.C. Viafara, M.I. Castro, J.M. Velez, and A. Toro, Unlubricated Sliding Wear of Pearlitic and Bainitic Steels, Wear, 2005, 259, p 405–41110.1016/j.wear.2005.02.013 ↗
4. W. Yan and F.D. Fischer, Applicability of the Hertz Contact Theory to Rail-Wheel Contact Problems, Arch. Appl. Mech., 2000, 70, p 255–26810.1007/s004199900035 ↗
5. Rob Caldwell, Pre-engineering the Wheel/Rail Interface, Wheel/Rail Interface Conference in Chicago, 2010.
6. J. Sundh and U. Olofsson, Relating Contact Temperature and Wear Transitions in a Wheel-Rail Contact, Wear, 2011, 271(1–2), p 78–8510.1016/j.wear.2010.10.046 ↗
7. U. Olofsson, L. Olander, and A. Jansson, A Study of Airborne Wear Particles Generated from a Sliding Contact, J. Tribol., 2009, 131(4), p 1–410.1115/1.3176990 ↗
8. M.I. GuoFa, Liu Yan lei, Zhang bin, Fu Xiu-qin, Zhang Hong, and Song Guo-xiang, Wear Property of Cast Wheel Material in Rail Truck, J. Iron Steel Inst., 2009, 16(3), p 73–7710.1016/S1006-706X(09)60047-9 ↗
9. R. Lewis, R.S. Dwyer-Joyce, U. Olofsson, and R.I. Hallam, Wheel Material Wear Mechanism and Transitions, 14th International Wheelset Congress proceedings October, Orlando, USA, 2004, p 17-21
10. R. Lewis and U. Olofsson, Mappingrail Wear Regimes and Transitions, Wear, 2004, 257(7-8), p 721–72910.1016/j.wear.2004.03.019 ↗
11. P.J. Bolton and P. Clayton, Rolling Sliding Wear Damage in Rail and Tyre Steels, Wear, 1984, 93, p 145–16510.1016/0043-1648(84)90066-8 ↗
12. S.C. Lim and M.F. Ashby, Wear Mechanism Maps, Acta Metall., 1987, 35, p 1–2410.1016/0001-6160(87)90209-4 ↗
13. S.C. Lim, M.F. Ashby, and J.H. Brunton, Wear Rate Transitions and Their Relationship to Wear Mechanisms, Acta Metall., 1987, 35, p 1343–134810.1016/0001-6160(87)90016-2 ↗
14. S. Sharma, S. Sangal, and K. Mondal, On the Optical Microscopic Method for the Determination of Ball-on-Flat Surface Linearly Reciprocating Sliding Wear Volume, Wear, 2013, 300, p 82–8910.1016/j.wear.2013.01.107 ↗
15. K. Andrews, Empirical Formulae for the Calculation of Some Transformation Temperatures, J. Iron Steel Inst., 1965, 203, p 721–723
16. Z. Zhao, C. Cheng, Y. Liu, and D.O. Northwood, A New Empirical Formula for the Bainite Upper Temperature Limit of Steel, J. Mater. Sci., 2001, 36, p 5045–505610.1023/A:1011874708194 ↗
17. ASTM Standard G 99-05, “Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk apparatus”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 03.02, 2005
18. B. Basu, J. Sarkar, and R. Mishra, Understanding Friction and Wear Mechanisms of High-Purity Titanium Against Steel in Liquid Nitrogen Temperature, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2009, 40, p 472–48010.1007/s11661-008-9721-0 ↗
19. S.A. Sajjadi and S.M. Zebarjad, Isothermal Transformation of Austenite to Bainite in High Carbon Steels, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 189, p 107–11310.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.01.011 ↗
20. Government of India, Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Indian Railways standard Specifications for Forged Coaching Wheel. Ninth Revision, Serial No. T-12-96, Research Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow, 1996
21. P. Yan and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mechanism and Kinetics of Solid-State Transformation in High-Temperature Processed Linepipe Steel, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, 44, p 5468–547710.1007/s11661-013-1907-4 ↗
22. J.F. Archard, Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces, J. Appl. Phys., 1953, 24, p 981–98810.1063/1.1721448 ↗
23. P.J. Mutton, C.J. Epp, and J. Dudek, Rolling Contact Fatigue in Railway Wheels Under High Axle Loads, Wear, 1991, 144, p 139–15210.1016/0043-1648(91)90011-I ↗
24. S.N. kukureka, Y.K. Chen, C.J. hooke, and P. Liao, The Wear Mechanisms of Acetal in Unlubricated Rolling-Sliding Contact, Wear, 1995, 185, p 1–810.1016/0043-1648(94)06575-6 ↗
25. T.H.C. Child, The Sliding Wear Mechanisms of Metals, Mainly Steels, Tribology International, Tribol. Int., 1980, 13, p 285–29310.1016/0301-679X(80)90092-4 ↗
26. J.E. Garnham and J.H. Beynon, Dry Rolling-Sliding Wear of Bainitic and Pearlitic Steels, Wear, 1992, 157, p 81–10910.1016/0043-1648(92)90189-F ↗
27. W.R. Tyfour, J.H. Beynon, and A. Kapoor, The Steady State Wear Behavior of Pearlitic Rail Steel Under Dry Rolling-Sliding Contact Conditions, Wear, 1995, 180, p 79–8910.1016/0043-1648(94)06533-0 ↗
28. P. Zhang, F.C. Zhang, Z.G. Yan, T.S. Wang, and L.H. Qian, Wear Property of Low-Temperature Bainite in the Surface Layer of a Carburized Low Carbon Steel, Wear, 2011, 271, p 697–70410.1016/j.wear.2010.12.025 ↗
29. S. Sharma, S. Sangal, and K. Mondal, Influence of Subsurface Structure on the Linear Reciprocating Sliding Wear Behavior of Steels with Different Microstructures, Metall. Mater. Trans. A. doi: 10.1007/s11661-014-2555-z10.1007/s11661-014-2555-z ↗