Microstructure Evolution During Stainless Steel-Copper Vacuum Brazing with a Ag/Cu/Pd Filler Alloy: Effect of Nickel Plating
Source abstract
Abstract
Vacuum brazing of stainless steel and copper plates was done using a silver-based filler alloy. In one set of experiments, around 30-µm-thick nickel coatings were electrochemically applied on stainless steel plates before carrying out the brazing runs and its effect in making changes in the braze-zone microstructure was studied. For brazing temperature of 830 °C, scanning electron microscopy examination of the braze-zone revealed that relatively sound joints were obtained when brazing was done with nickel-coated stainless steel than with uncoated one. However, when brazing of nickel-coated stainless steel and copper plates was done at 860 °C, a wide crack appeared in the braze-zone adjacent to copper side. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis and electron microprobe analysis confirmed that at higher temperature, the diffusion of Cu atoms from copper plate towards the braze-zone was faster than that of Ni atoms from nickel coating. Helium leak rate of the order 10−11 Pa m3/s was obtained for the crack-free joint, whereas this value was higher than 10−4 Pa m3/s for the joint having crack. The shear strength of the joint was found to decrease considerably due to the presence of crack.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (27)
Show source-provided references
1. A. Elrefaey, L. Wojarski, J. Janczak-Rusch, and W. Tillmann, Vacuum Brazing Titanium Using Thin Nickel Layer Deposited by PVD Technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 565, p 180–18610.1016/j.msea.2012.12.028 ↗
2. A. Kumar, P. Ganesh, R. Kaul, V.K. Bhatnagar, K. Yedle, P.R. Sankar, B.K. Sindal, K.V.A.N.P.S. Kumar, M.K. Singh, S.K. Rai, A. Bose, T. Veerbhadraiah, S. Ramteke, R. Sridhar, G. Mundra, S.C. Joshi, and L.M. Kukreja, A New Vacuum Brazing Route for Niobium-316L Stainless Steel Transition Joints for Superconducting RF Cavities, J. Mater. Eng. Perfom., 2015, 24, p 952–96310.1007/s11665-014-1312-1 ↗
3. A. Laik, A.A. Shirzadi, G. Sharma, R. Tewari, T. Jayakumar, and G.K. Dey, Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28% Cu Alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2015, 46A, p 771–78210.1007/s11661-014-2671-9 ↗
4. T. Zaharinie, R. Moshwan, F. Yusof, M. Hamdi, and T. Ariga, Vacuum Brazing of Sapphire with Inconel 600 Using Cu/Ni Porous Composite Interlayer for Gas Pressure Sensor Application, Mater. Des., 2014, 54, p 375–38110.1016/j.matdes.2013.08.046 ↗
5. A. Laik, P. Mishra, K. Bhanumurthy, G.B. Kale, and B.P. Kashyap, Microstructural Evolution During Reactive Brazing of Alumina to Inconel 600 Using Ag-Based Alloy, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, p 126–13810.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.040 ↗
6. A. Laik, P. Mishra, K. Bhanumurthy, G.B. Kale, and B.P. Kashyap, Stability of Microstructure and Its Evolution During Solid-State Annealing of Al2O3/Inconel 600 Brazed Couples, Acta Mater., 2011, 59, p 5092–510210.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.041 ↗
7. K.M. Swathi, A.K. Jha, S.K. Manwatkar, D.P. Sudhakar, N.P. Ramesh, K. Sreekumar, and P.P. Sinha, Microstructural Characterisation of Copper-Stainless Steel Brazed Joint with Copper Based Filler Metal, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2012, 710, p 650–65510.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.710.650 ↗
8. L. Sanchez, D. Carrillo, E. Rodriguez, F. Aragona, J. Sotelo, and F. Toral, Development of High Precision Joints in Particle Accelerator Components Performed by Vacuum Brazing, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2011, 211, p 1379–138510.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.03.009 ↗
9. R. Singh, K.K. Pant, S. Lal, D.P. Yadav, S.R. Garg, V.K. Raghuvanshi, and G. Mundra, Vacuum Brazing of Accelerator Components, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2012, 390, p 1–810.1088/1742-6596/390/1/012025 ↗
10. T. Watanabe, A. Yanagisawa, and T. Sasaki, Development of Ag Based Brazing Filler Metal with Low Melting Point, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2011, 16, p 502–50810.1179/1362171811Y.0000000037 ↗
11. M.H. Sloboda, Making Corrosion-Resistant Brazed Joints in Stainless Steel Advantages of Palladium-Bearing Brazing Alloys, Platin. Met. Rev., 1969, 13, p 61–6410.1595/003214069X1326164 ↗
12. M.H. Sloboda, High Purity Palladium Brazing Alloys Multi-Stage Jointing in the Manufacture of Thermionic Valves, Platin. Met. Rev., 1963, 7, p 8–1110.1595/003214063X71811 ↗
13. R.B. Turner, J. Ungrin, Brazing techniques and alloys for accelerator Rf components, in Proceedings of the 1981 Linear Accelerator Conference, 1981, p 77–79
14. http://www.morganbrazealloys.com/en-gb/resources/mechanical-physical-properties/
15. Metals Handbook, ASM International, Vol. 1, Tenth edition, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys, p 871
16. Metals Handbook, ASM International, Vol. 2, Tenth edition, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpose Materials, p 1110–1143
17. P.R. Subramanian and J.H. Perepezko, The Ag-Cu (Silver-Copper) System, J. Phase Equilib., 1993, 14, p 62–7510.1007/BF02652162 ↗
18. E. Ma, J.-H. He, and P.J. Schilling, Mechanical Alloying of Immiscible Elements: Ag-Fe Contrasted with Cu-Fe, Phys. Rev. B, 1997, 55, p 5542–554510.1103/PhysRevB.55.5542 ↗
19. S. Curiotto, R. Greco, N.H. Pryds, E. Johnson, and L. Battezzati, The Liquid Metastable Miscibility Gap in Cu-Based Systems, Fluid Phase Equilibr., 2007, 256, p 132–13610.1016/j.fluid.2006.10.003 ↗
20. F. Roa, J.D. Way, R.L. McCormick, and S.N. Paglieri, Preparation and Characterization of Pd-Cu Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation, Chem. Eng. J., 2003, 93, p 11–2210.1016/S1385-8947(02)00106-7 ↗
21. J. Crangle, Ferromagnetism in Pd-Rich Palladium-Iron Alloys, Philos. Mag., 1960, 5, p 335–34210.1080/14786436008235850 ↗
22. I. Karakaya and W.T. Thompson, The Ag-Pd (Silver-Palladium) System, Bull. Alloys Phase Diagr., 1988, 9, p 237–24310.1007/BF02881271 ↗
23. D.H. Yoon, G.B. Jeon, H.J. Ju, and C.W. Gu, The characteristic evaluation of brazing joint according to the Ni plating to one-side of the base metal, in 3rd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST), 201510.1109/ICEPE-ST.2015.7368368 ↗
24. H. Sabetghadam, A.Z. Hanzaki, and A. Araee, Diffusion Bonding of 410 Stainless Steel to Copper Using a Nickel Interlayer, Mater. Charact., 2010, 61, p 626–63410.1016/j.matchar.2010.03.006 ↗
25. H. Sabetghadam, A.Z. Hanzaki, A. Araee, and A. Hadian, Microstructural Evaluation of 410 SS/Cu Diffusion-Bonded Joint, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, p 163–16910.1016/S1005-0302(10)60027-8 ↗
26. O. Yilmaz and M. Aksoy, Investigation of Micro-Crack Occurrence Conditions in Diffusion Bonded Cu-304 Stainless Steel Couple, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2002, 121, p 136–14210.1016/S0924-0136(01)01224-9 ↗
27. S. Prat, W.D. Moeller, D. Kostin, Industrialization process for XFEL power couplers and volume manufacturing, in Proceedings of SRF2007, 2007, p 734–739