journal article·2025-07

Performance Evaluation of Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of SS316L: An Effect of Weld Thermal Cycles and Heat Inputs

Saboor Fayaz Lone, Dinesh W. Rathod, Sheikh Nazir Ahmad

Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (49)

Show source-provided references
1. A. Vafadar, F. Guzzomi, A. Rassau, and K. Hayward, Advances in Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review of Common Processes, Industrial Applications, and Current Challenges, Appl. Sci., 2021, 11, p 1–33.10.3390/app11031213 ↗
2. S. Singh, S. Sharma, and Rathod DW, A Review on Process Planning Strategies and Challenges of WAAM, Mater Today Proc., 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.63210.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.632 ↗
3. F. Mazzucato, S. Tusacciu, M. Lai, S. Biamino, M. Lombardi, and A. Valente, Monitoring Approach to Evaluate the Performances of a New Deposition Nozzle Solution for DED Systems, Technologies, 2017, 5, p 29.10.3390/technologies5020029 ↗
4. F. Khodabakhshi and A.P. Gerlich, Potentials and Strategies of Solid-State Additive Friction-Stir Manufacturing Technology: A Critical Review, J. Manuf. Process., 2018, 36, p 77–92.10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.09.030 ↗
5. D. Jafari, T.H.J. Vaneker, and I. Gibson, Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing: Opportunities and Challenges to Control the Quality and Accuracy of Manufactured Parts, Mater. Des., 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.10947110.1016/j.matdes.2021.109471 ↗
6. A. Saboori, A. Aversa, G. Marchese, S. Biamino, M. Lombardi, and P. Fino, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 316L Produced by Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Review, Appl. Sci., 2020 https://doi.org/10.3390/app1009331010.3390/app10093310 ↗
7. W. Hackenhaar, J.A.E. Mazzaferro, F. Montevecchi, and G. Campatelli, An Experimental-Numerical Study of Active Cooling in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, J. Manuf. Process., 2020, 52, p 58–65.10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.01.051 ↗
8. W. Wu, W. Xu, J. Xue, and P. Yao, Effect of Cooling and CMT Mode Process on Additive Manufacturing, Mater. Manuf. Process., 2022, 37, p 1298–1309.10.1080/10426914.2021.2006221 ↗
9. C. Zhang, Y. Li, M. Gao, and X. Zeng, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-6Mg Alloy Using Variable Polarity Cold Metal Transfer Arc as Power Source, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 711, p 415–423.10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.084 ↗
10. A. Paolini, S. Kollmannsberger, and E. Rank, Additive Manufacturing in Construction: A Review on Processes, Applications, and Digital Planning Methods, Addit. Manuf., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.10089410.1016/j.addma.2019.100894 ↗
11. I.O. Felice, J. Shen, A.F.C. Barragan et al., Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Shape Memory Alloys: Microstructure, Mechanical and Functional Behavior, Mater. Des., 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.11200410.1016/j.matdes.2023.112004 ↗
12. B. Bevans, A. Ramalho, Z. Smoqi, A. Gaikwad, T.G. Santos, P. Rao, and J.P. Oliveira, Monitoring and Flaw Detection During Wire-Based Directed Energy Deposition Using In-Situ Acoustic Sensing and Wavelet Graph Signal Analysis, Mater. Des., 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.11148010.1016/j.matdes.2022.111480 ↗
13. B. Wu, Z. Pan, D. Ding, D. Cuiuri, H. Li, J. Xu, and J. Norrish, A Review of the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Properties, Defects and Quality Improvement, J. Manuf. Process., 2018, 35, p 127–139.10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.001 ↗
14. J. Ding, P. Colegrove, J. Mehnen, S. Ganguly, P.M.S. Almeida, F. Wang, and S. Williams, Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Wire and Arc Additive Layer Manufacturing Process on Large Multi-layer Parts, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2011, 50, p 3315–3322.10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.023 ↗
15. P. M. Dickens, M. S. Pridham, R. C. Cobb, I. Gibson, and G. Dixon, Rapid Prototyping Using 3-D Welding. Solid Free Fabr Proc, 1992, 280–290.
16. S. Ríos, P.A. Colegrove, and S.W. Williams, Metal Transfer Modes in Plasma Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2019, 264, p 45–54.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.08.043 ↗
17. J. Xiong, G. Zhang, Z. Qiu, and Y. Li, Vision-Sensing and Bead Width Control of a Single-Bead Multi-layer Part: Material and Energy Savings in GMAW-Based Rapid Manufacturing, J. Clean. Prod., 2013, 41, p 82–88.10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.009 ↗
18. R.P. Meena and N.Y Vipin, A Review on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Based on Cold Metal Transfer, Mater. Manuf. Process., 2024 https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2024.232344110.1080/10426914.2024.2323441 ↗
19. X. Chen, C. Su, Y. Wang, A.N. Siddiquee, S. Konovalov, S. Jayalakshmi, and R.A. Singh, Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) System, J. Surf. Investig., 2018, 12, p 1278–1284.10.1134/S102745101901004X ↗
20. L.P. Raut and R.V. Taiwade, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review and Research Directions, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2021, 30, p 4768–4791.10.1007/s11665-021-05871-5 ↗
21. W. Jin, C. Zhang, S. Jin, Y. Tian, D. Wellmann, and W. Liu, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steels: A review, Appl. Sci., 2020 https://doi.org/10.3390/app1005156310.3390/app10051563 ↗
22. A. Queguineur, G. Rückert, F. Cortial, and J.Y. Hascoët, Evaluation of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing for Large-Sized Components in Naval Applications, Weld World, 2018, 62, p 259–266.10.1007/s40194-017-0536-8 ↗
23. BS EN 1011-1 (1998) Welding - Recommendations for Welding of Metallic Materials - Part 1: General Guidance for Arc Welding. 1–10
24. B. Tomar and S. Shiva, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties Examination of SS316L-Cu Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., 2024, 50, p 26–39.10.1016/j.cirpj.2024.02.002 ↗
25. R. Saluja and K.M. Moeed, The Emphasis of the Phase Transformations and Alloying Constituents on Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Type 304L and 316L Stainless Steel Welds, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2012, 4, p 2206–2216.
26. (2005) Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels. Choice Rev Online 43:43-2230-43–223010.5860/CHOICE.43-2230 ↗
27. G.P. Dinda, A.K. Dasgupta, and J. Mazumder, Laser Aided Direct Metal Deposition of Inconel 625 Superalloy: Microstructural Evolution and Thermal Stability, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 509, p 98–104.10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.009 ↗
28. T. DebRoy, H.L. Wei, J.S. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J.W. Elmer, J.O. Milewski, A.M. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, and W. Zhang, Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Components – Process, Structure and Properties, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2018, 92, p 112–224.10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001 ↗
29. J. Li, D. Jia, P. Zhang, T. Ma, Z. Lu, Y. Guo, L. Wang, Z. Li, and G. Li, Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel Welded Joints, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2023 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/12/12207510.1088/1742-6596/2478/12/122075 ↗
30. C.F. Han, W.Q. Zhou, Y.F. Sun, and J.T. Ma, Effect of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron, Int. J. Microstruct. Mater. Prop., 2018, 13, p 344–357.
31. J.R. Low, The Fracture of Metals, Prog. Mater. Sci., 1963, 12, p 3–96.10.1016/0079-6425(63)90036-7 ↗
32. J.S. Zuback and T. DebRoy, The Hardness of Additively Manufactured Alloys, Materials (Basel), 2018 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1111207010.3390/ma11112070 ↗
33. K. Benarji, Y. Ravi Kumar, A.N. Jinoop, C.P. Paul, and K.S. Bindra, Effect of Heat-Treatment on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviour of SS 316 Structures Built by Laser Directed Energy Deposition Based Additive Manufacturing, Met. Mater. Int., 2021, 27, p 488–499.10.1007/s12540-020-00838-y ↗
34. J. Vora, H. Parmar, R. Chaudhari, S. Khanna, M. Doshi, and V. Patel, Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Multi-layered Structure Fabricated by GMAW-Based WAAM of SS316L, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2022, 20, p 2748–2757.10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.074 ↗
35. U. Gürol, E. Kocaman, S. Dilibal, and M. Koçak, A Comparative Study on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Wear and Corrosion Behaviors of SS 316 Austenitic Stainless Steels Manufactured by Casting and WAAM Technologies, CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., 2023, 47, p 215–227.10.1016/j.cirpj.2023.10.005 ↗
36. V. Kumar, S. Dwivedi, A. Mandal, and A.R. Dixit, Experimental Investigations on the Microstructural Evolution and Their Influence on Mechanical, Tribological and Corrosion Performance of Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured SS316L Structure, Mater Today Commun., 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.10767310.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107673 ↗
37. P. Henckell, M. Gierth, Y. Ali, J. Reimann, and J.P. Bergmann, Reduction of Energy Input in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) with Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Materials (Basel), 2020 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1311249110.3390/ma13112491 ↗
38. T.S. Senthil, S.R. Babu, M. Puviyarasan, and V.S. Balachandar, Experimental Investigations on the Multi-layered SS316L Wall Fabricated by CMT-Based WAAM: Mechanical and Microstructural Studies, J. Alloy Metall. Syst., 2023, 2, 100013.10.1016/j.jalmes.2023.100013 ↗
39. C. Sasikumar and R. Oyyaravelu, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of SS 316 L Created by WAAM Based on GMAW, Mater Today Commun., 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.10780710.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107807 ↗
40. J. Shen, W. Zhang, J.G. Lopes, Y. Pei, Z. Zeng, E. Maawad, N. Schell, A.C. Baptista, R.S. Mishra, and J.P. Oliveira, Evolution of Microstructure and Deformation Mechanisms in a Metastable Fe42Mn28Co10Cr15Si5 High Entropy Alloy: A Combined In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and EBSD Analysis, Mater. Des., 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.11266210.1016/j.matdes.2024.112662 ↗
41. L.B.O. Souza, M.R.N. Santos, R.P. Garcia, D.B. Fernandes, and L.O. Vilarinho, Characterization of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Preform Deposited by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2022, 123, p 3673–3686.10.1007/s00170-022-10382-1 ↗
42. B. Xie, J. Xue, and X. Ren, Wire Arc Deposition Additive Manufacturing and Experimental Study of 316l Stainless Steel by cmt + p Process, Metals (Basel), 2020, 10, p 1–19.10.3390/met10111419 ↗
43. H. Li, H. Jing, L. Xu, L. Zhao, Y. Han, Z. Tang, X. Wang, and Y. Zhang, Cyclic Deformation Behavior of an Fe-Ni-Cr Alloy at 700 °C: Microstructural Evolution and Cyclic Hardening Model, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2019, 744, p 94–111.10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.150 ↗
44. T. Sathies, M. Kumaran, G. Bharathiraja, N.S. Balaji, T.G. Unnikrishnan, and V. Senthil Kumar, Investigations on the Effect of Heat Treatment on Laser Powder Bed Fusion Built SS316L Alloy, Mater Today Proc., 2022, 62, p 5411–5414.10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.699 ↗
45. Al. Z et Anisotropic Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Low-Carbon Steel Manufactured by WAAM.
46. Y. Zhao, Y. Chen, Z. Wang, J. Ye, and W. Zhao, Mechanical Properties, Microstructural Characteristics and Heat Treatment Effects of WAAM Stainless-Steel Plate Material, J. Build Eng., 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.10698810.1016/j.jobe.2023.106988 ↗
47. S. Anand, N. Haldar, S. Datta, and A. Das, Experimental Investigation on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured SS308L Built Part, Sadhana – Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci., 2023 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02260-710.1007/s12046-023-02260-7 ↗
48. W. Qin, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Kang, L. Zhu, D. Shu, P. Peng, D. She, D. Meng, and Y. Li, Effects of Grain Size on Tensile Property and Fracture Morphology of 316L Stainless Steel, Mater. Lett., 2019, 254, p 116–119.10.1016/j.matlet.2019.07.058 ↗
49. A. Das and S. Tarafder, Experimental Investigation on Martensitic Transformation and Fracture Morphologies of Austenitic Stainless Steel, Int. J. Plast., 2009, 25, p 2222–2247.10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.03.003 ↗