Effect of Tempering Treatment on Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of 3Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel in Marine Environment
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel was tempered to three typical strength grades, and the corresponding atmospheric corrosion behavior in a coastal zone of Wanning, China, was investigated. Electrochemical measurements were taken, and the morphology, composition, and structure of the rust formed after natural exposure were analyzed. The results indicated that different microstructures were obtained by tempering at different temperatures, which affected the corrosion behavior. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization results show that the 280°C tempered condition was prone to form a better protective passive film compared to the other two higher-temperature tempered conditions. The corrosion rate of 3Cr13 steel tempered at a low temperature of 280°C was markedly lower than that at higher temperatures of 540 and 600°C. The corrosion weight loss of specimens tempered at 540°C and 600°C was over 8 times higher than that of the specimens tempered at 280°C after two years of natural exposure. The thickness of the rust layer formed on the 540- and 600°C-tempered specimens exceeded 40 μm, which was approximately 5 times that of on the 280°C-tempered specimens. The corrosion products formed on tempered 3Cr13 steel were found to vary with the temper conditions. The corrosion products formed on tempered 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel also varied with the tempering temperature. A rust layer mainly composed of γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH was formed on 280°C-tempered 3Cr13 steel specimens, while α-FeOOH and Fe3O4 were formed on 540- and 600°C-tempered 3Cr13 steel specimens in addition to γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH. Distinct pitting corrosion occurred on specimens of all three strength grades specimens during natural exposure. Formation of Cr-rich carbides during high-temperature tempering increased corrosion pit initiation.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition · Concrete Corrosion and Durability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (40)
Show source-provided references
1. F.W. Comeli, A.S. da Rocha, C.A.S. de Oliveira, G. Lemos and R.M. de Castro, Effects of Tempering temperature on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of X22CrMoV12-1 Steel used on Steam Turbine Blades, Am. J. Mater. Sci., 2018, 8, p 65–72.
2. E. Mabruri, Z.A. Syahlan, M.S. Sahlan, T.B. Anwar and B.A. Romijarso, Effect of Tempering Temperature on Hardness and Impact Resistance of the 410-Mo Martensitic Stainless Steels for Steam Turbine Blades, Int. J. Eng. Technol., 2017, 8, p 2547–2551.10.21817/ijet/2016/v8i6/160806208 ↗
3. A. Dalmau, C. Richard and A. Igual-Muñoz, Degradation Mechanisms in Martensitic Stainless Steels: Wear, Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Appraisal, Tribol. Int., 2018, 121, p 167–179.10.1016/j.triboint.2018.01.036 ↗
4. Q.Y. Zang, Y.F. Jin, T. Zhang and Y.T. Yang, Effect of Yttrium Addition on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of 20Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel, J. Iron. Steel Res. Int., 2020, 4, p 451–460.10.1007/s42243-020-00377-1 ↗
5. W.M. Garrison and M.O.H. Amuda, Stainless Steels: Martensitic in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, Elsevier, Hoboken, 2017.
6. B.W. Darvell, Materials Science for Dentistry, Woodhead Publishing, UK, 2018.
7. Martensitic Stainless Steels, www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=253.
8. J.Y. Park and Y.S. Park, The Effects of Heat-Treatment Parameters on Corrosion Resistance and Phase Transformations of 14Cr–3Mo Martensitic Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng: A., 2007, 449, p 1131–1134.10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.134 ↗
9. B. Abbasi-Khazaei and A. Mollaahmadi, Rapid Tempering of Martensitic Stainless Steel AISI420: Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26, p 1626–1633.10.1007/s11665-017-2605-y ↗
10. S.K. Bonagani, V. Bathula and V. Kain, Influence of Tempering Treatment on Microstructure and Pitting Corrosion of 13 wt.% Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel, Corros. Sci., 2018, 131, p 340–354.10.1016/j.corsci.2017.12.012 ↗
11. S.Y. Lu, K.F. Yao, Y.B. Chen, M.H. Wang, X. Liu and X. Ge, The Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of a 13 wt.% Cr-type Martensitic Stainless Steel, Electrochimica Acta., 2015, 165, p 45–55.10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.038 ↗
12. K. Morshed-Behbahani, N. Zakerin, P. Najafisayar and M. Pakshir, A survey on the passivity of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, Corros. Sci., 2021, 183, p 109340.10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109340 ↗
13. A. Kvryan. The Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behavior of Martensitic Stainless Steel UNS 42670. Doctor dissertation, Boise State University, Idaho. 2019.
14. I. Bösing, L. Cramer, M. Steinbacher, H.W. Zoch, J. Thöming and M. Baune, Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel, AIP Adv., 2019, 6, p 065317.10.1063/1.5094615 ↗
15. ISO 8407-2009. Corrosion of metals and alloys — removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimens.
16. ISO 9226-2012. Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Determination of corrosion rate of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity.
17. D.A. Porter and K.E. Easterling, Phase Transformation in Metal and Alloys, Taylor and Francis group, UK, 2009.
18. I.A. Channa, A.A. Shah, S.H. Abro, M.A. Siddiqui, M. Mujahid and A.D. Chandio, Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel AISI-420, Sukkur IBA J. Emerg. Technol., 2019, 2, p 51–56.10.30537/sjet.v2i1.430 ↗
19. K. Morshed-Behbahani, N. Zakerin, P. Najafisayar et al., A Survey on the Passivity of Tempered AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel, Corros. Sci., 2021, 183, p 109340.10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109340 ↗
20. S. Gündüz, Effect of Chemical Composition, Martensite Volume Fraction and Tempering on Tensile Behaviour of Dual Phase Steels, Mater. Lett., 2009, 63, p 2381–2383.10.1016/j.matlet.2009.08.015 ↗
21. X. Qi, H. Mao and Y. Yang, Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogen Alloyed Martensitic Stainless Steel in Chloride Containing Solutions, Corros. Sci., 2017, 120, p 90–98.10.1016/j.corsci.2017.02.027 ↗
22. M. Yaso, S. Morito, T. Ohba and K. Kubota, Microstructure of Martensite in Fe–C–Cr Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2008, 481, p 770–773.10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.114 ↗
23. K.H. Anantha, C. Örnek, S. Ejnermark et al., Correlative Microstructure Analysis and In situ Corrosion Study of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel for Plastic Molding Applications, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, p C85.10.1149/2.0531704jes ↗
24. R.A. Legault and V.P. Pearson, The Kinetics of the Atmospheric Corrosion of Aluminized Steel, Corrosion, 1978, 34, p 344–349.10.5006/0010-9312-34.10.344 ↗
25. H.E. Townsend, J.C. Zoccola, Eight-year atmospheric corrosion performance of weathering steel in industrial, rural, and marine environments, in: Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals, ASTM International, 1982.10.1520/STP33185S ↗
26. H. Luo, X.G. Li, C.F. Dong and K. Xiao, Degradation of Austenite Stainless Steel by Atmospheric Exposure in Tropical Marine Environment, Corros. Eng., Sci. Technol., 2013, 48, p 221–229.10.1179/1743278212Y.0000000070 ↗
27. J. Wang, Z.Y. Wang and W. Ke, Corrosion Behaviour of Weathering Steel in Diluted Qinghai Salt Lake Water in a Laboratory Accelerated Test that Involved Cyclic Wet/Dry Conditions, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010, 124, p 952–958.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.07.069 ↗
28. Y. Ma, Y. Li and F. Wang, Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Atmospheric Environments of Different Chloride Content, Corros. Sci., 2009, 51, p 997–1006.10.1016/j.corsci.2009.02.009 ↗
29. Z. Wang, J. Liu, L. Wu, R. Han and Y. Sun, Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Weathering Steels in Atmospheric Environments, Corros. Sci., 2013, 67, p 1–10.10.1016/j.corsci.2012.09.020 ↗
30. V. Lins, E.A. Gomes, C.G. Costa, M.R. das Castro and R.A. Carneiro, Corrosion Behavior of Experimental Nickel-Bearing Carbon Steels Evaluated using Field and Electrochemical Tests, REM-Int. Eng. J., 2018, 71, p 613–620.10.1590/0370-44672016710173 ↗
31. Y.M. Fan, W. Liu, Z.T. Sun, T. Chowwanonthapunya, Y.G. Zhao, B.J. Dong, T.Y. Zhang, W. Banthukul and X.G. Li, Corrosion Behaviors of Carbon Steel and Ni-Advanced Weathering Steel Exposed to Tropical Marine Atmosphere, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2020, 10, p 6417–6426.10.1007/s11665-020-05153-6 ↗
32. J.C. Guerra, A. Castañeda, F. Corvo, J.J. Howland and J. Rodríguez, Atmospheric Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in a Coastal Zone of Ecuador: Anomalous Behavior of Chloride Deposition Versus Distance from the Sea, Mater. Corros., 2019, 70, p 444–460.10.1002/maco.201810442 ↗
33. H. Tanaka, R. Mishima, N. Hatanaka, T. Ishikawa and T. Nakayama, Formation of Magnetite Rust Particles by Reacting Iron Powder with Artificial α-, β-and γ-FeOOH in Aqueous Media, Corros. Sci., 2014, 78, p 384–387.10.1016/j.corsci.2013.08.023 ↗
34. M. Yamashita, H. Miyuki, Y. Matsuda, H. Nagano and T. Misawa, The Long Term Growth of the Protective Rust Layer Formed on Weathering Steel by Atmospheric Corrosion During a Quarter of a Century, Corros. Sci., 1994, 36, p 283–299.10.1016/0010-938X(94)90158-9 ↗
35. B.Z. Sun, X.M. Zuo, X.Q. Cheng and X.G. Li, The Role of Chromium Content in the Long-Term Atmospheric Corrosion Process, Mater. Degrad., 2020, 4, p 1–9.10.1038/s41529-019-0105-2 ↗
36. L. Ma, F. Wiame, V. Maurice and P. Marcus, New Insight on Early Oxidation Stages of Austenitic Stainless Steel from In situ XPS Analysis on Single-Crystalline Fe–18Cr–13Ni, Corros. Sci., 2018, 140, p 205–216.10.1016/j.corsci.2018.06.001 ↗
37. Z. Wang, A. Seyeux, S. Zanna, V. Maurice and P. Marcus, Chloride-induced Alterations of the Passive Film on 316L Stainless Steel and Blocking Effect of Pre-passivation, Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 329, p 135159.10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135159 ↗
38. D.A. Shirley, High-resolution X-ray Photoemission Spectrum of the Valence Bands of Gold, Phys. Rev. B, 1972, 5, p 4709.10.1103/PhysRevB.5.4709 ↗
39. S. Tougaard, Practical Guide to the Use of Backgrounds in Quantitative XPS, J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. A: Vacuum, Surf. Films, 2021, 39, p 011201.10.1116/6.0000661 ↗
40. R.A. Cottis and L.L. Shreir, Shreir’s Corrosion, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2010.