Effects of Nb Addition and Different Cooling Methods on Microstructures and Properties of Cu-Cr Alloys
Source abstract
Abstract
The Cu-Cr-Nb alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting with different cooling methods. The effects of niobium contents and different cooling methods on the microstructures and properties of these alloys were investigated. The microstructures were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The electrical conductivity, hardness and the tensile strength of Cu-Cr-Nb alloys were tested as well. The results showed that the as-cast microstructures of Cu-Cr-Nb alloys consist of primary α phase dendritic and eutectic phase. With the addition of element Nb, the microstructures were refined and the secondary dendritic arm spacing obviously decreased. Compared with the furnace cooling, the homogeneous and refined microstructures were obtained by the graphite mold, and the hardness of the alloys is enhanced greatly. After the heat treatment, two reinforcing phases of Cr and Cr2Nb are precipitated from the copper matrix. The comprehensive properties were obtained when the Nb content is 0.4%. The Cu-1.2Cr-0.4Nb alloy performed by direct aging treatment without solution treatment exhibits the higher performance, the hardness and electrical conductivity are 143HB and 84%IACS, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength and the elastic limit of the Cu-1.2Cr-0.4Nb alloy can reach up to 413.0 and 238 MPa.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Advanced materials and composites · Microstructure and mechanical properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (37)
Show source-provided references
1. D.P. Shen, Y.J. Zhu, X. Yang, and W.P. Tong, Investigation on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr Alloy Prepared by In-Situ Synthesis Method, J. Vacuum., 2018, 149, p 207–21310.1016/j.vacuum.2017.12.035 ↗
2. R. Hu, X. Bi, J. Li et al., Interface Morphology Evolvement and Microstructure Characteristics of Hypoeutectic Cu-1.0 wt.%Cr Alloy during Unidirectional Solidification, J. Sci. Adv. Mater., 2005, 6, p 950–95510.1016/j.stam.2005.09.003 ↗
3. H.D. Fu, S. Xu, W. Li, J.X. Xie, H.B. Zhao, and Z.J. Pan, Effect of Rolling and Aging Processes on Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2017, 700, p 107–11510.1016/j.msea.2017.05.114 ↗
4. S.M.H. Hejazi, F. Majidi, and G.H. Akbari, A Cu-Cr Alloy with Nano and Microscale Cr Particles Produced in a Water-Cooled Copper Mold, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2010, 17, p 629–63410.1007/s12613-010-0366-9 ↗
5. Y. Pang, C.D. Xia, M.P. Wang, Z. Li, Z. Xiao, H.G. Wei, X.F. Sheng, Y.L. Jia, and C. Chen, Effects of Zr and (Ni, Si) Additions on Properties and Microstructure of Cu-Cr Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 582, p 786–79210.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.146 ↗
6. R. Mahmudi, A. Karsaz, A.A. Fakhrabadi, and A.R. Geranmayeh, Impression Creep Study of a Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Ag Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2010, 527, p 2702–270810.1016/j.msea.2010.01.044 ↗
7. J.Y. Cheng, F.X. Yu, and B. Shen, Solute Clusters and Chemistry in a Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg Alloy during the Early Stage of Aging, J. Mater. Lett., 2014, 115, p 201–20410.1016/j.matlet.2013.10.055 ↗
8. P.C. Zhang, J.C. Jie, Y. Gao, H. Li, T.M. Wang, and T.J. Li, Influence of Cold Deformation and Ti Element on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr System Alloys, J. Mater. Res., 2015, 30, p 2073–208010.1557/jmr.2015.143 ↗
9. S.J. Zhang, R.G. Li, H.J. Kang, Z.N. Chen, W. Wang, C.L. Zou, T.J. Li, and T.M. Wang, A High Strength and High Electrical Conductivity Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy Fabricated by Cryorolling and Intermediate Aging Treatment, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2017, 680, p 108–11410.1016/j.msea.2016.10.087 ↗
10. D.V. Shangina, N.R. Bochvar, A.I. Morozova, A.N. Belyakov, R.O. Kaibyshev, and S.V. Dobatkin, Effect of Chromium and Zirconium Content on Structure, Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloys After High Pressure Torsion, J. Mater. Let., 2017, 199, p 46–4910.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.039 ↗
11. D.V. Shangina, J. Gubicza, E. Dodony, N.R. Bochvar, P.B. Straumal, N. YuTabachkova, and S.V. Dobatkin, Improvement of Strength and Conductivity in Cu-Alloys with the Application of High Pressure Torsion and Subsequent Heat-Treatments, J. Mater. Science, 2014, 49, p 6674–668110.1007/s10853-014-8339-4 ↗
12. S.V. NagenderNaidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, and P. Rama Rao, ASM Handbook: Alloy Phase Diagrams, Vol 3, ASM International, USA, 1992
13. A.K. Shukla, R.S. Kumar, S.V.S. NarayanaMurty, and K. Mondal, The Serrated Flow and Recrystallization in Dispersion Hardened Cu-Cr-Nb Alloy during Hot Deformation, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 673, p 135–14010.1016/j.msea.2016.07.014 ↗
14. X. Guo, Z. Xiao, W. Qiu et al., Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr-Nb Alloy with High Strength, High Electrical Conductivity and Good Softening Resistance Performance at Elevated Temperature, J. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, A749, p 281–29010.1016/j.msea.2019.02.036 ↗
15. Y.L. Xue, S.M. Li, H. Zhong et al., Characterization of Fracture Toughness and Toughening Mechanisms in Laves Phase Cr2Nb Based Alloys, J. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A638, p 340–34710.1016/j.msea.2015.04.077 ↗
16. M. Bizjaka, B. Karpe, G. Jaksa, and J. Kovac, Surface Precipitation of Chromium in Rapidly Solidified Cu-Cr Alloys, J. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, 277, p 83–8710.1016/j.apsusc.2013.04.005 ↗
17. C.A.P. Salasa and J.D.O.B. Sanchez, Stress Relaxation Study of Water Atomized Cu-Cr-Zr Powder Alloys Consolidated by Inverse Warm Extrusion, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 485, p 340–34510.1016/j.jallcom.2009.05.091 ↗
18. Z.Y. Pan, J.B. Chen, W. Zhou, and J.F. Li, Microstructure and Properties of Rapidly Solidified Cu-0.81Cr-0.12Zr Alloy, J. Mater. Trans., 2013, 54, p 1403–140710.2320/matertrans.M2013107 ↗
19. C. Gan, H. Liu, K. Zheng et al., Manufactured Process of High Strength and High Electrical Conductivity Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg Alloy Bars, J. Mater. Sci. Forum., 2017, 898, p 1215–121910.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.898.1215 ↗
20. Y.A. Li, D. Qiu, B. Jiang, F.S. Pan, and M.X. Zhang, Current Research Progress in Grain Refinement of Cast Magnesium Alloys: a Review Article, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 619, p 639–65110.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.294 ↗
21. A.K. Shukla, R.S. Kumar, S.V.S. Narayana Murty et al., Aging Behavior and Microstructural Stability of a Cu-8Cr-4Nb Alloy, J. Alloys Compd, 2014, 590, p 514–52510.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.057 ↗
22. A.K. Shukla, S.V.S.N. Murty, S.C. Sharma et al., Constitutive Modeling of Hot Deformation Behavior of Vacuum Hot Pressed Cu-8Cr-4Nb Alloy, J. Mater. Design., 2015, 75, p 57–6410.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.023 ↗
23. S.Q. Yan and H.X. Wang, The Effect of Small Amount of Titanium Addition on the Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of ZA48 Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22, p 1113–111910.1007/s11665-012-0382-1 ↗
24. M. Gao, Z. Chen, H. Kang, R. Li, W. Wang, C. Zou, and T. Wang, Effects of Nb Addition on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Precipitation Hardening Cu-9Ni-6Sn Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, A715, p 340–34710.1016/j.msea.2018.01.022 ↗
25. L. Zhang, L. Meng, and J.B. Liu, Effects of Cr Addition on the Microstructural, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Cu-6 wt.%Ag Micro-composite, J. Scr. Mater., 2005, 52, p 587–59210.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.11.035 ↗
26. Y.L. Xue, S.M. Li, K.W. Li, H. Zhong, and H.Z. Fu, Probing the Polytypic Transition of Laves Phase Cr2Nb in the Dual-Phase Cr-20Nb-40Ti Alloy, J. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2015, 167, p 119–12410.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.10.018 ↗
27. J.L. Walley, J.L. Heelan, L.G. Vettraino, J.R. Groza, and J.C. Gibeling, The Influence of Post-processing on Creep and Microstructure of Rolled Cu-8Cr-4Nb, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 6956–696210.1016/j.msea.2010.07.051 ↗
28. S.G. Jia, M.S. Zheng, P. Liu et al., Aging Properties Studies in a Cu-Ag-Cr Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2006, A419, p 8–1110.1016/j.msea.2005.09.118 ↗
29. W. Wang, R. Li, C. Zou, Z. Chen, W. Wen, T. Wang, and G. Yin, Effect of Direct Current Pulses on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Aged Cu-Cr-Zr Alloys, J. Mater. Design., 2016, 92, p 135–14210.1016/j.matdes.2015.12.013 ↗
30. J.Y. Cheng, B. Shen, and F.X. Yu, Precipitation in a Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg Alloy During Aging, J. Mater. Charact., 2013, 81, p 68–7510.1016/j.matchar.2013.04.008 ↗
31. J.B. Guo, C.D. Cao, S.L. Gong, R.B. Song, X.J. Bai, J.Y. Wang, J.B. Zheng, X.X. Wen, and Z.B. Sun, Rapid Solidification of Cu60Co30Cr10alloy under Different Conditions, J. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2013, 23, p 731–73410.1016/S1003-6326(13)62522-4 ↗
32. P. Rezaei-Shahreza, A. Seifoddini, and S. Hasani, Thermal Stability and Crystallization Process in a Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloy: the Kinetic Analysis, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2017, 471, p 286–29410.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.05.044 ↗
33. K. ValdésLeón, M.A. MuñozMorris, and D.G. Morris, Optimization of Strength and Ductility of Cu-Cr-Zr by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation and Precipitation, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 532, p 181–189
34. J.H. Su, P. Liu, Q.M. Dong, H.J. Li, and F.Z. Ren, Aging Study of Rapidly Solidified and Solid-Solution Cu-Cr-Sn-Zn Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 205, p 366–36910.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.11.184 ↗
35. Y Wang and M Wang, Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Strength of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy, J. Phys., 2016, 23, p 150–152
36. L. Peng, H. Xie, G. Huang et al., The phase transformation and strengthening of a Cu-0.71 wt.% Cr alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 708, p 1096–110210.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.069 ↗
37. A. Morozova and R. Kaibyshev, Grain refinement and strengthening of a Cu-0.1Cr-0.06Zr alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing, J. Philos. Magazine., 2017, 97, p 1–2410.1080/14786435.2016.1241909 ↗