journal article·2023-01

Finite Element Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting-Produced Stainless Steel 316L Lattice Structures under Impact Loading

Zhichao Luo, Qian Tang, Qixiang Feng, Mengxia Jin, Shuai Ma, Jun Song, Quanquan Han

Publisher page

Abstract

Selective laser melting (SLM)-produced metallic porous structures are increasingly popular and promising in the fabrication of biomedical implants. In order to evaluate the life of SLM-produced porous scaffolds, it is essential to analyze the mechanical properties of the porous samples in complicated loading conditions. Therefore, this paper utilized finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the dynamic behaviour of SLM-produced gyroid structures. A modelling approach based on the explicit and dynamic FEA was proposed to simulate the impact process, and the Charpy impact experiments were then conducted on the SLM-produced gyroid samples, aiming to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed modelling approach. Results showed that the maximum impact force sustained by the gyroid samples was bigger than those obtained by the corresponding FEA models, and the average discrepancy between the testing data and the FEA results ranged from 21 to 25.7%. The average energy absorption values sustained by each sample were greater than those obtained by the FEA, and the deviations of the final energy absorption values ranged from 45 to 64.2%.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Cellular and Composite Structures · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (39)

Show source-provided references
1. V.S. Deshpande, N.A. Fleck, and M.F. Ashby, Effective Properties of the Octet-Truss Lattice Material, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2001, 49, p 1747–1769.10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00010-2 ↗
2. J.C. Wallach and L.J. Gibson, Mechanical Behavior of a Three-Dimensional Truss Material, Int. J. Solids Struct., 2001, 38, p 7181–7196.10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00400-5 ↗
3. S. Amin Yavari, S.M. Ahmadi, R. Wauthle, B. Pouran, J. Schrooten, H. Weinans, and A.A. Zadpoor, Relationship between Unit Cell Type and Porosity and the Fatigue Behavior of Selective Laser Melted Meta-Biomaterials, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 43, p 91–100.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.015 ↗
4. D. Lehmhus, M. Vesenjak, S. Schampheleire, and T. Fiedler, From Stochastic Foam to Designed Structure: Balancing Cost and Performance of Cellular Metals, Materials, 2017, 10(8), p 922.10.3390/ma10080922 ↗
5. Q. Feng, Q. Tang, Y. Liu, R. Setchi, S. Soe, S. Ma, and L. Bai, Quasi-Static Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Lattice Structures Manufactured Using Selective Laser Melting, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2017, 94, p 2301–2313.10.1007/s00170-017-0932-7 ↗
6. R. Gümrük and R.A.W. Mines, Compressive Behaviour of Stainless Steel Micro-Lattice Structures, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2013, 68, p 125–139.10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.01.006 ↗
7. C. Yan, L. Hao, A. Hussein, S.L. Bubb, P. Young, and D. Raymont, Evaluation of Light-Weight AlSi10Mg Periodic Cellular Lattice Structures Fabricated via Direct Metal Laser Sintering, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2014, 214, p 856–864.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.12.004 ↗
8. S. Merkt, C. Hinke, J. Bültmann, M. Brandt, and Y.M. Xie, Mechanical Response of TiAl6V4 Lattice Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting in Quasistatic and Dynamic Compression Tests, J. Laser Appl., 2015, 27, p S17006.10.2351/1.4898835 ↗
9. J. Van der Stok, O.P. Van der Jagt, Y.S. Amin, M.F. De Haas, J.H. Waarsing, H. Jahr, E.M. Van Lieshout, P. Patka, J.A. Verhaar, A.A. Zadpoor, and H. Weinans, Selective Laser Melting-Produced Porous Titanium Scaffolds Regenerate Bone in Critical Size Cortical Bone Defects, J. Orthop. Res., 2013, 31, p 792–799.10.1002/jor.22293 ↗
10. K. Hazlehurst, C.J. Wang, and M. Stanford, Evaluation of the Stiffness Characteristics of Square Pore CoCrMo Cellular Structures Manufactured Using Laser Melting Technology for Potential Orthopaedic Applications, Mater. Des., 2013, 51, p 949–955.10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.009 ↗
11. M. Speirs, J.V. Humbeeck, J. Schrooten, J. Luyten, and J.P. Kruth, The Effect of Pore Geometry on the Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted ti-13nb-13zr Scaffolds, Procedia CIRP, 2013, 5, p 79–82.10.1016/j.procir.2013.01.016 ↗
12. K. Ushijima, W.J. Cantwell, and D.H. Chen, Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Micro-Lattice Structures Subjected to Multi-Axial Loading, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2013, 68, p 47–55.10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.12.017 ↗
13. M. Smith, Z. Guan, and W.J. Cantwell, Finite Element Modelling of the Compressive Response of Lattice Structures Manufactured using the Selective Laser Melting Technique, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2013, 67, p 28–41.10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.12.004 ↗
14. M. Mazur, M. Leary, S. Sun, M. Vcelka, D. Shidid, and M. Brandt, Deformation and Failure Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2013, 84, p 1391–1411.
15. F. Liu, D. Zhang, P. Zhang, M. Zhao, and S. Jafar, Mechanical Properties of Optimized Diamond Lattice Structure for Bone Scaffolds Fabricated via Selective Laser Melting, Materials, 2018, 11, p 374.10.3390/ma11030374 ↗
16. T. Tancogne-Dejean, A.B. Spierings, and D. Mohr, Additively-Manufactured Metallic Micro-Lattice Materials for High Specific Energy Absorption Under Static and Dynamic Loading, Acta Mater., 2016, 116, p 14–28.10.1016/j.actamat.2016.05.054 ↗
17. J.A. Harris, R.E. Winter, and G.J. McShane, Impact Response of Additively Manufactured Metallic Hybrid Lattice Materials, Int. J. Impact Eng., 2017, 104, p 177–191.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.02.007 ↗
18. S. Amin Yavari, R. Wauthle, J. van der Stok, A.C. Riemslag, M. Janssen, M. Mulier, J.P. Kruth, J. Schrooten, H. Weinans, and A.A. Zadpoor, Fatigue Behavior of Porous Biomaterials Manufactured using Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Sci. Eng.: C, 2013, 33, p 4849–4858.10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.006 ↗
19. K. Lietaert, A. Cutolo, D. Boey, and B. Van Hooreweder, Fatigue Life of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Scaffolds under Tension-Tension, Tension-Compression and Compression-Compression Fatigue Load, Sci. Rep., 2018, 8, p 4957.10.1038/s41598-018-23414-2 ↗
20. H.A. Almeida and P.J. Bártolo, Design of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds based on Hyperbolic Surfaces: Structural Numerical Evaluation, Med. Eng. Phys., 2014, 36, p 1033–1040.10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.05.006 ↗
21. H. Montazerian, E. Davoodi, M. Asadi-Eydivand, J. Kadkhodapour, and M. Solati-Hashjin, Porous Scaffold Internal Architecture Design based on Minimal Surfaces: A compromise between Permeability and Elastic Properties, Mater. Des., 2017, 126, p 98–114.10.1016/j.matdes.2017.04.009 ↗
22. J. Kadkhodapour, H. Montazerian, A.C. Darabi, A. Zargarian, and S. Schmauder, The Relationships between Deformation Mechanisms and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Porous Biomaterials, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2017, 70, p 28–42.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.09.018 ↗
23. I. Maskery, N.T. Aboulkhair, A.O. Aremu, C.J. Tuck, and I.A. Ashcroft, Compressive Failure Modes and Energy Absorption in Additively Manufactured Double Gyroid Lattices, Addit. Manuf., 2017, 16, p 24–29.
24. S.Y. Choy, C. Sun, K.F. Leong, and J. Wei, Compressive Properties of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Des., 2017, 131, p 112–120.10.1016/j.matdes.2017.06.006 ↗
25. L. Xiao and W. Song, Additively-Manufactured Functionally Graded Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures with high Strength under Static and Dynamic Loading: Experiments, Int. J. Impact Eng, 2018, 111, p 255–272.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.09.018 ↗
26. L. Thijs, K. Kempen, J. Kruth, and J. Van Humbeeck, Fine-Structured Aluminium Products with Controllable Texture by Selective Laser Melting of Pre-Alloyed AlSi10Mg Powder, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, p 1809–1819.10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.052 ↗
27. F. Brenne, T. Niendorf, and H.J. Maier, Additively Manufactured Cellular Structures: Impact of Microstructure and Local Strains on the Monotonic and Cyclic Behavior under Uniaxial and Bending Load, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2013, 213, p 1558–1564.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.03.013 ↗
28. G. Campoli, M.S. Borleffs, S. Amin Yavari, R. Wauthle, H. Weinans, and A.A. Zadpoor, Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Metallic Biomaterials Manufactured using Additive Manufacturing, Mater. Des., 2013, 49, p 957–965.10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.071 ↗
29. J. Kranz, D. Herzog, and C. Emmelmann, Design Guidelines for Laser Additive Manufacturing of Lightweight Structures in TiAl6V4, J. Laser Appl., 2015, 27, p S14001.10.2351/1.4885235 ↗
30. D. Wang, Y. Yang, R. Liu, D. Xiao, and J. Sun, Study on the Designing Rules and Processability of Porous Structure based on Selective Laser Melting (SLM), J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2013, 213, p 1734–1742.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.05.001 ↗
31. S. Arabnejad, R. Burnett Johnston, J.A. Pura, B. Singh, M. Tanzer, and D. Pasini, High-Strength Porous Biomaterials for Bone Replacement: A Strategy to Assess the Interplay Between Cell Morphology, Mechanical Properties, Bone Ingrowth and Manufacturing Constraints, Acta Biomater., 2016, 30, p 345–356.10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.048 ↗
32. R.M. Gorguluarslan, S.K. Choi, and C.J. Saldana, Uncertainty Quantification and Validation of 3D Lattice Scaffolds for Computer-Aided Biomedical Applications, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2017, 71, p 428–440.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.04.011 ↗
33. S.L. Sing, W.Y. Yeong, F.E. Wiria, and B.Y. Tay, Characterization of Titanium Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Using an Adapted Compressive Test Method, Exp. Mech., 2016, 56, p 735–748.10.1007/s11340-015-0117-y ↗
34. Z.S. Bagheri, D. Melancon, L. Liu, R.B. Johnston, and D. Pasini, Compensation Strategy to Reduce Geometry and Mechanics Mismatches in Porous Biomaterials Built with Selective Laser Melting, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2017, 70, p 17–27.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.041 ↗
35. L. Liu, P. Kamm, F. Carcia-Moreno, J. Banhart, and D. Pasini, Elastic and Failure Response of Imperfect Three-Dimensional Metallic Lattices: The Role of Geometric Defects Induced by Selective Laser Melting, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2017, 107, p 160–184.10.1016/j.jmps.2017.07.003 ↗
36. S.L. Sing, F.E. Wiria, and W.Y. Yeong, Selective Laser Melting of Lattice Structures: A Statistical Approach to Manufacturability and Mechanical Behavior, Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf., 2018, 49, p 170–180.10.1016/j.rcim.2017.06.006 ↗
37. S. Ma, Q. Tang, Q. Feng, J. Song, X. Han, and F. Guo, Mechanical Behaviours and Mass Transport Properties of Bone-Mimicking Scaffolds Consisted of Gyroid Structures Manufactured using Selective Laser Melting, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2019, 93, p 158–169.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.023 ↗
38. E. Yasa, J. Deckers, J. Kruth, M. Rombouts, and J. Luyten, (2012) "Charpy impact testing of metallic selective laser melting parts," Virtual and Physical Prototyping, pp.2118-2120
39. M. Zhao, D.Z. Zhang, F. Liu, Z.H. Li, Z.B. Ma, and Z.H. Ren, Mechanical and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Sheet Lattice Structures With Minimal Surfaces, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2020, 167, p 105262.10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.105262 ↗