journal article·2019-02

Build Rate Optimization for Powder Bed Fusion

Ming Tang, Petrus Christiaan Pistorius, Colt Montgomery, Jack Beuth

Publisher page

Abstract

The authors previously proposed a geometrically based model to predict the volume fraction of lack-of-fusion porosity in parts produced by powder bed fusion. To test this model, AlSi10Mg cubes with varying hatch spacing and layer thickness were printed in this work. Bulk densities of samples were measured with the Archimedes method and agree well with model predictions. The model was also validated by results from the literature on additively manufactured PA-12 polymer parts. Quantitative prediction of conditions that lead to part porosity allows considerable improvement in the volumetric build rate, compared with the default processing parameters provided by the equipment supplier. Nearly fully dense AlSi10Mg parts (> 99.5% dense) were fabricated with a build rate double that for standard conditions. Some melt-pool variability and large changes in hatch rotation angle do not affect the overall volume fraction of residual porosity.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Manufacturing Process and Optimization

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (21)

Show source-provided references
1. M. Tang and P.C. Pistorius, Oxide, Porosity and Fatigue Performance of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting, Int. J. Fatigue, 2017, 94, p 192–20110.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.06.002 ↗
2. D. Bourell, J. Coholich, A. Chalancon, and A. Bhat, Evaluation of Energy Density Measures and Validation for Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol., 2017, 66(1), p 217–22010.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.128 ↗
3. M. Badrossamay, E. Yasa, J. Van Vaerenbergh, and J.P. Kruth, Improving Productivity Rate in SLM of Commercial Steel Powders, RAPID 2009 Conference & Exposition, (Schaumburg, IL, USA), Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 2009, p 1–13.
4. C. Kamath, B. El-Dasher, G.F. Gallegos, W.E. King, and A. Sisto, Density of Additively-Manufactured, 316L SS Parts Using Laser Powder-Bed Fusion at Powers up to 400 W, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2014, 74(1-4), p 65–7810.1007/s00170-014-5954-9 ↗
5. M. Tang, P.C. Pistorius, and J. Beuth, Prediction of Lack-of-Fusion Porosity for Powder Bed Fusion, Addit. Manuf., 2017, 14, p 39–4810.1016/j.addma.2016.12.001 ↗
6. M. Tang, P.C. Pistorius, and J. Beuth, Geometric Model to Predict Porosity of Part Produced in Powder Bed System, Materials Science & Technology Proceedings (MS&T), (Columbus, Ohio), 2015, p 129–136.
7. EOS GmbH-Electro Optical Systems, Material Data Sheet: EOS Aluminium AlSi10Mg (for EOS M280), 2016. http://www.eos.info/material-m . Accessed 11 Oct 2016.
8. D. Rosenthal, Mathematical Theory of Heat Distribution during Welding and Cutting, Weld. J., 1941, 20(5), p 220–234
9. C. Montgomery, J. Beuth, L. Sheridan, and N. Klingbeil, Process Mapping of Inconel 625 in Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, (Austin, TX), 2015, p 1195–1204.
10. H. Gong, D. Christiansen, J. Beuth, and J.J. Lewandowski, Melt Pool Characterization for Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Pre-Alloyed Powder, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, (Austin, TX), 2014, p 256–267.
11. D. Drummer, M. Drexler, and K. Wudy, Impact of Heating Rate during Exposure of Laser Molten Parts on the Processing Window of PA12 Powder, Phys. Proc., 2014, 56(C), p 184–19210.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.162 ↗
12. M. Yuan, D. Bourell, and T. Diller, Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Polyamide 12, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2011, p 427–437.
13. K. Wudy, L. Lanzl, and D. Drummer, Selective Laser Sintering of Filled Polymer Systems: Bulk Properties and Laser Beam Material Interaction, Phys. Proc., 2016, 83, p 991–100210.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.104 ↗
14. L. Thijs, K. Kempen, J.P. Kruth, and J. Van Humbeeck, Fine-Structured Aluminium Products with Controllable Texture by Selective Laser Melting of Pre-Alloyed AlSi10Mg Powder, Acta Mater., 2013, 61(5), p 1809–1819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.05210.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.052 ↗
15. N.T. Aboulkhair, I. Maskery, C. Tuck, I. Ashcroft, and N.M. Everitt, On the Formation of AlSi10Mg Single Tracks and Layers in Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure and Nano-Mechanical Properties, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, 230, p 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.01610.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.016 ↗
16. M. Krishnan, E. Atzeni, R. Canali, F. Calignano, D. Manfredi, E.P. Ambrosio, and L. Iuliano, On the Effect of Process Parameters on Properties of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced by DMLS, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2014, 20, p 449–45810.1108/RPJ-03-2013-0028 ↗
17. I. Yadroitsev, A. Gusarov, I. Yadroitsava, and I. Smurov, Single Track Formation in Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powders, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, 210(12), p 1624–163110.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.05.010 ↗
18. D. Manfredi, F. Calignano, M. Krishnan, R. Canali, E.P. Ambrosio, and E. Atzeni, From Powders to Dense Metal Parts: Characterization of a Commercial AlSiMg Alloy Processed through Direct Metal Laser Sintering, Materials, 2013, 6(3), p 856–86910.3390/ma6030856 ↗
19. M. Dimter, R. Mayer, L. Hümmeler, R. Salzberger, J. Kotila, and T. Syvänen, Method and Device for Manufacturing a Three-Dimensional Object, 2011. http://www.google.com.hk/patents/US8034279 .
20. L. Wang, S. Wang, and J. Wu, Experimental Investigation on Densification Behavior and Surface Roughness of AlSi10Mg Powders Produced by Selective Laser Melting, Opt. Laser Technol., 2017, 96, p 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.05.00610.1016/j.optlastec.2017.05.006 ↗
21. K. Guan, Z. Wang, M. Gao, X. Li, and X. Zeng, Effects of Processing Parameters on Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted 304 Stainless Steel, Mater. Des., 2013, 50, p 581–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.05610.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.056 ↗