journal article·2024-06Open access

An Investigation of 3D Printing Parameters on Tensile Strength of PLA Using Response Surface Method

Mehmet Masum Tünçay

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has many techniques and has been frequently used and studied recently. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) method, which is one of these techniques, is a widely used three-dimensional (3D) printing method that works with the extrusion principle. The parameters used during printing affect the properties of the final product. This study investigated the effect of print angle, infill density, and perimeter count parameters on the tensile strength characteristics of FDM-printed PLA samples by the response surface method (RSM), an experimental design method. The tensile strengths of the samples produced according to the test lists obtained using the Box–Behnken design were determined. A model equation showing the effect of the relevant parameters was created. From the experiments, the compatibility of the model equation with the experimental results has been demonstrated. The highest tensile strength values were achieved in cases where the print angle was 90°, the infill density was 100%, and the number of walls was 5-6.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · 3D Printing in Biomedical Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (36)

Show source-provided references
1. D. Dev Singh, T. Mahender, and A. Raji Reddy, Powder Bed Fusion Process: A Brief Review, Mater. Today Proc., 2021, 46, p 350–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.41510.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.415 ↗
2. K.V. Wong and A. Hernandez, A Review of Additive Manufacturing, ISRN Mech. Eng., 2012, 2012, p 208760. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/20876010.5402/2012/208760 ↗
3. H.D. Vora and S. Sanyal, A Comprehensive Review: Metrology in Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology, Prog. Addit. Manufact., 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-020-00142-610.1007/s40964-020-00142-6 ↗
4. O. Santoliquido, P. Colombo, and A. Ortona, Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Components by Digital Light PROCESSING: A Comparison Between the “Bottom-up” and the “Top-Down” Approaches, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2019, 39, p 2140–2148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.01.04410.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.01.044 ↗
5. Y. Wu, Y. Lu, M. Zhao, S. Bosiakov, and L. Li, A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Associated Biomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering, Polymers (Basel), 2022, 14(10), p 2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1410211710.3390/polym14102117 ↗
6. O.A. Mohamed, S.H. Masood, and J.L. Bhowmik, Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters: A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects, Adv. Manufact., 2015, 3, p 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-014-0097-710.1007/s40436-014-0097-7 ↗
7. S. Vyavahare, S. Teraiya, D. Panghal, and S. Kumar, Fused Deposition Modelling: A Review, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2020, 26, p 176–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-04-2019-010610.1108/RPJ-04-2019-0106 ↗
8. R.B. Kristiawan, F. Imaduddin, D. Ariawan, Ubaidillah, Z. Arifin, A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters, Open Engineering, 2021, 11, p 639-649. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-006310.1515/eng-2021-0063 ↗
9. M.Z. Huang, J. Nomai, and A.K. Schlarb, The Effect of Different Processing, Injection Molding (IM) and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), on the Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) Behavior of Filled and Unfilled Polycarbonate (PC), Express Polym Lett., 2021, 15, p 194–202. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.1810.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.18 ↗
10. F.A. Santos, H. Rebelo, M. Coutinho, L.S. Sutherland, C. Cismasiu, I. Farina, and F. Fraternali, Low Velocity Impact Response of 3D Printed Structures Formed by Cellular Metamaterials and Stiffening Plates: PLA vs. PETg, Compos. Struct., 2021, 256, p 113128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.11312810.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113128 ↗
11. N. Singh, R. Singh, I.P.S. Ahuja, I. Farina, and F. Fraternali, Metal Matrix Composite from Recycled Materials by Using Additive Manufacturing Assisted Investment Casting, Compos. Struct., 2019, 207, p 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.09.07210.1016/j.compstruct.2018.09.072 ↗
12. Y. Ramot, M. Haim-Zada, A.J. Domb, and A. Nyska, Biocompatibility and Safety of PLA and its Copolymers, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2016, 107, p 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.01210.1016/j.addr.2016.03.012 ↗
13. N. Naveed, Investigate the Effects of Process Parameters on Material Properties and Microstructural Changes of 3D-printed Specimens using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Mater. Technol., 2021, 36, p 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2020.175847510.1080/10667857.2020.1758475 ↗
14. H. Liu, X. Cheng, X.H. Yang, G.M. Zheng, and Q.J. Guo, Experimental Study on Parameters of 3D Printing Process for PEEK Materials, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, 504, p 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/504/1/01200110.1088/1757-899X/504/1/012001 ↗
15. O.A. Mohamed, S.H. Masood, and J.L. Bhowmik, Mathematical Modeling and FDM Process Parameters Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology Based on Q-Optimal Design, Appl. Math. Model., 2016, 40, p 10052–10073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2016.06.05510.1016/j.apm.2016.06.055 ↗
16. S. Khan, K. Joshi, and S. Deshmukh, A Comprehensive Review on Effect of Printing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of FDM Printed Parts, Mater. Today: Proc., 2022, 50, p 2119–2127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.43310.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.433 ↗
17. O.A. Mohamed, S.H. Masood, J.L. Bhowmik, M. Nikzad, and J. Azadmanjiri, Effect of Process Parameters on Dynamic Mechanical Performance of FDM PC/ABS Printed Parts Through Design of Experiment, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25, p 2922–2935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2157-610.1007/s11665-016-2157-6 ↗
18. S. Wang, Y. Ma, Z. Deng, S. Zhang, and J. Cai, Effects of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters on Tensile, Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Materials, Polym. Test., 2020, 86, p 106483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.10648310.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106483 ↗
19. P. Demircioglu, H.S. Sucuoglu, I. Bogrekci, and A. Gultekin, The Effect of Three Dimensional Printed Infill Pattern on Structural Strength, EL-Cezeri J. Sci. Eng., 2018, 5, p 785–796. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.42391510.31202/ecjse.423915 ↗
20. A.W. Gebisa and H.G. Lemu, Influence of 3D Printing FDM Process Parameters on Tensile Property of ULTEM 9085, Proc. Manufact., 2019, 30, p 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.04710.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.047 ↗
21. M.S. Kamer, Ş Temiz, D.H. Yaykaşli, A. Kaya, and O. Akay, 3B Yazıcıda Farklı Yazdırma Hızlarında ABS ve PLA Malzeme Ile Üretilen Çekme Test Numunelerinin Mekanik Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması (Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Tensile Test Specimens Produced with ABS and PLA Material at Different Printing Speeds in 3D Printer), Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022, 37, p 1197–1211. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.961981. (in Turkish)10.17341/gazimmfd.961981 ↗
22. O. Doğan and M.S. Kamer, Farklı Üretim Parametreleri Kullanılarak 3B Yazıcı Ile Üretilen Test Numunelerinin Sürünme Davranışlarının Deneysel Olarak Incelenmesi (Experimental Investigation of the Creep Behavior of Test Specimens Manufactured with Fused Filament Fabrication Using Different Manufacturing Parameters), Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 2023, 38, p 1839–1848. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1122973. (in Turkish)10.17341/gazimmfd.1122973 ↗
23. T. Lundstedt, E. Seifert, L. Abramo, B. Thelin, Å. Nyström, J. Pettersen, and R. Bergman, Experimental Design and Optimization, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 1998, 42, p 3–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(98)00065-310.1016/S0169-7439(98)00065-3 ↗
24. V. Yiga, M. Lubwama, P. Olupot, Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Tensile Strength of Rice Husk Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites, Mater. Proc., 2021, 3.
25. S.L.C. Ferreira, R.E. Bruns, H.S. Ferreira, G.D. Matos, J.M. David, G.C. Brandão, E.G.P. da Silva, L.A. Portugal, P.S. dos Reis, A.S. Souza, and W.N.L. dos Santos, Box-Behnken Design: An Alternative for the Optimization of Analytical Methods, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 597, p 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.01110.1016/j.aca.2007.07.011 ↗
26. U. Balaji and S.K. Pradhan, Titanium Anodisation Designed for Surface Colouration - Systemisation of Parametric Interaction Using Response Surface Methodology, Mater. Des., 2018, 139, p 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.02610.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.026 ↗
27. A.T.M.A.M. Joglekar, Product Excellence through the Design of Experiments, Cereal Food World, 1987, 32, p 857–868.
28. G.D. Okçu, N.B. Pakdil, H.E. Ökten, and A. Yalçuk, A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) Optimization of the Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) Using TiO2/H2O2, Desalin. Water Treat., 2018, 123, p 186–195. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.2268110.5004/dwt.2018.22681 ↗
29. V.A. Yiga, M. Lubwama, S. Pagel, P.W. Olupot, J. Benz, and C. Bonten, Optimization of Tensile Strength of PLA/clay/rice Husk Composites Using Box-Behnken Design, Biomass Convers. Biorefinery, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01971-310.1007/s13399-021-01971-3 ↗
30. M.-H. Hsueh, C.-J. Lai, C.-F. Chung, S.-H. Wang, W.-C. Huang, C.-Y. Pan, Y.-S. Zeng, and C.-H. Hsieh, Effect of Printing Parameters on the Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based on Fused Deposition Modeling, Polymers, 2021, 13, p 2387.10.3390/polym13142387 ↗
31. S.H. Ahn, C. Baek, S. Lee, and I.S. Ahn, Anisotropic Tensile Failure Model of Rapid Prototyping Parts - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Int. J. Mod Phys B, 2003, 17, p 1510–1516. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021797920301924110.1142/S0217979203019241 ↗
32. S. Srinivasan Ganesh Iyer, and O. Keles, Effect of Raster Angle on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Compos. Commun., 2022, 32, p 101163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2022.10116310.1016/j.coco.2022.101163 ↗
33. G.M. Liseli Baich and H. Marie, Study of Infill Print Design on Production Cost-Time of 3D Printed ABS Parts, Int. J. Rapid Manufact., 2015, 5, p 308–319. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrapidm.2015.07480910.1504/ijrapidm.2015.074809 ↗
34. W.C. Miguel Fernandez Vicente, S. Ferrandiz, and A. Conejero, Effect of Infill Parameters on Tensile Mechanical Behavior in Desktop 3D Printing, 3D Print. Addit. Manufact., 2016, 3, p 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2015.003610.1089/3dp.2015.0036 ↗
35. J. Klingenbeck, A. Lion, and M. Johlitz, On the Influence of Perimeter, Infill-Direction and Geometry on the Tensile Properties of Test Specimen Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication, Lectures Notes on Advanced Structured Materials. H. Altenbach, M. Johlitz, M. Merkel, A. Öchsner Ed., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022, p 167–18210.1007/978-3-031-11589-9_11 ↗
36. C. Lubombo and M.A. Huneault, Effect of Infill Patterns on the Mechanical Performance of Lightweight 3D-Printed Cellular PLA Parts, Mater. Today Commun., 2018, 17, p 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.09.01710.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.09.017 ↗