Metal Injection Molded Titanium: Mechanical Properties of Debinded Powder and Sintered Metal
Source abstract
Abstract
Metal injection molding (MIM) is a production technique to produce small and complex titanium part. During debinding, the elements of binder may react with titanium powders, form the interstitial elements and influence the mechanical properties of sintered part. Accordingly, the chemical composition and hardness properties of commercially pure titanium, which produced by metal injection molding process, were investigated and compared with wrought commercially pure titanium. Carbon and oxygen from binder were diffused into the titanium powder during the process of debinding, i.e., the contents of carbon and oxygen and the nanoindentation hardness at the edge of powder are higher than at center of powder. After sintering, the interstitial elements formed around the pores of sintered part, which caused the higher nanoindentation hardness than that of the matrix. The yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength of sintered part were also improved because of the interstitial elements. The findings can be applied for the production, usage and development of MIM titanium.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Injection Molding Process and Properties · Advanced materials and composites · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. M.R. Kamal, A.l. Isayev, and S.J. Liu. Injection Molding: Technology and Fundamentals, Hanser Publications (Cincinnati, OH), 200910.3139/9783446433731 ↗
2. F.F.A. Hamidi, W.S.W. Harun, M. Samykano, S.A.C. Ghani, Z. Ghazalli, F. Ahmad, and A.B. Sulong, A Review of Biocompatible Metal Injection Moulding Process Parameters for Biomedical Applications, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2017, 78, p 1263–127610.1016/j.msec.2017.05.016 ↗
3. D.F. Heaney, Handbook of Metal Injection Molding, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, 201210.1533/9780857096234 ↗
4. A. Dehghan-Manshadi, M.J. Bermingham, M.S. Dargusch, D.H. StJohn, and M. Qian, Metal Injection Moulding of Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Challenges and Recent Development, Powder Technol., 2017, 319, p 289–30110.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.053 ↗
5. M. Scharvogel and W. Winkelmueller, Metal Injection Molding of Titanium for Medical and Aerospace Applications, JOM, 2011, 63(2), p 94–9610.1007/s11837-011-0036-z ↗
6. Y. Kankawa, Metal powder injection moldable composition, and injection molding and sintering method using such composition, US patent no. US6051184A, US Patent and Trademark Office (Alexandria, Virginia), 2000
7. R.M. German, Infrastructure Emergence for Metal Injection Molded Titanium Medical Devices, Int. J. Powder. Metall., 2012, 48(2), p 33–38
8. A.T. Sidambe, I.A. Figueroa, H.G.C. Hamilton, and I. Todd, Metal Injection Moulding of CP-Ti Components for Biomedical Applications, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2012, 212, p 1591–159710.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.03.001 ↗
9. R. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Zou, and C. Tang, Debinding and Sintering Processes for Injection Molded Pure Titanium, Powder Metall. Technol., 2006, 24(2), p 83–93
10. R.A. Einhorn, N.J. Amoroso, and L.E. Bogan, Novel Feedstocks for Powder Injection Molding, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 1997, 18(2), p 127–13810.1002/9780470294420.ch13 ↗
11. E.S. Thian, N.H. Loh, K.A. Khor, and S.B. Tor, Effects of Debinding Parameters on Powder Injection Molded Ti-6Al-4 V/HA Composite Parts, Adv. Powder Technol., 2001, 12(3), p 361–37010.1163/156855201750537901 ↗
12. R.M. German, Progress in Titanium Metal Powder Injection Molding, Materials, 2013, 6, p 3641–366210.3390/ma6083641 ↗
13. W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr, An Improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus Using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments, J. Mater. Res., 1992, 7(6), p 1564–158310.1557/JMR.1992.1564 ↗
14. N.M. Jennett, G.M. Pharr, and C.J. McHargue, Instrumented Indentation Testing in Materials Research and Development, Philos. Mag., 2006, 86(33–35), p 5153–5154
15. Unalloyed titanium for surgical implant applications, F 67, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 13.01, ASTM, 2000
16. Determination of density of compacted or sintered powder metallurgy (PM) products, Standard 42, Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders Metallurgy Products, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 2016
17. Standard test methods for determining average grain size, E 112, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.01, ASTM, 2013
18. M.J. Donachie Jr., Titanium: A Technical Guide, 2nd ed., ASM International (USA), 200010.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.9781627082693 ↗
19. D.E. Newbury and N.W.M. Ritchie, Is Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) Quantitative?, Scanning, 2013, 35(3), p 141–16810.1002/sca.21041 ↗
20. Metallic materials - Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters, part 1: Test method, ISO 14577-1, ISO, 2015
21. Standard test methods for Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials, E 18, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.01, ASTM, 2003
22. Standard test method for microindentation hardness of materials, E 384, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.01, ASTM, 2016
23. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, E 8 M, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.01, ASTM, 2016
24. ASM Handbook: Alloy phase diagram, Vol. 3, ASM International (USA), 1992
25. C. Fizanne-Michel, M. Cornen, P. Castany, I. Péron, and T. Gloriant, Determination of Hardness and Elastic Modulus Inverse Pole Figures of a Polycrystalline Commercially Pure Titanium by Coupling Nanoindentation and EBSD Techniques, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2014, 613, p 159–16210.1016/j.msea.2014.06.098 ↗
26. P. SudharshanPhani and W.C. Oliver, A Critical Assessment of the Effect of Indentation Spacing on the Measurement of Hardness and Modulus Using Instrumented Indentation Testing, Mater. Des., 2019, 164, p 10756310.1016/j.matdes.2018.107563 ↗
27. E. Baril, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Powder Injection Moulding: Matching Application Requirements, Powder Inject. Mould. Int., 2010, 4(4), p 22–32
28. F.K. Mante, G.R. Baran, and B. Lucas, Nanoindentation Studies of Titanium Single Crystals, Biomaterials, 1999, 20(11), p 1051–105510.1016/S0142-9612(98)00257-9 ↗
29. R. Boyer, E.W. Collings, and G. Welsch, Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, ASM International, Materials Park, 1994
30. F.H. Froes, S.J. Mashl, V.S. Moxson, J.C. Hebeisen, and V.A. Duz, The Technologies of Titanium Powder Metallurgy, JOM, 2004, 56(11), p 46–4810.1007/s11837-004-0252-x ↗
31. G.C. Obasi, O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann, Influence of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4 V Alloy Fabricated by MIM, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 3929–393510.1016/j.msea.2010.02.070 ↗