journal article·2024-12

Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of TC4 Titanium Alloy at Cryogenic

Huaixin Lin, Gang Jin, Qiyun Zhan, Guangyu Wang, Jin Han

Publisher page

Abstract

The dynamic mechanical properties of the TC4 titanium alloy were investigated within a temperature range of − 40 °C to 20 °C and strain rates that range from 500 s−1 to 3000 s−1. Based on the obtained experimental data, modifications were made to the Johnson–Cook (J–C) constitutive model, tailored explicitly for low temperatures. This modified model was further developed within the ABAQUS software. Findings reveal a distinct behavior of the TC4 titanium alloy: under low-temperature conditions, its stress initially rises and subsequently decreases with increasing strain. Moreover, the yield stress of the alloy demonstrates an upward trend as temperature decreases. Strain rate sensitivity is observed in the TC4 titanium alloy, particularly concerning maximum stress, maximum strain, and yield strength ratio at low temperatures. Notably, the temperature range of 0 °C to − 10 °C proves to be the most conducive for processing the alloy. The adapted J–C model exhibits enhanced accuracy when fitting data associated with low temperatures. Bullet penetration simulations underscore the alloy`s pronounced hardening effect and improved resistance to deformation at lower temperatures.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties · High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (35)

Show source-provided references
1. J. Deng, Y. Li, and W. Song, Diffusion Wear in Dry Cutting of Ti-6Al-4V with WC/Co Carbide Tools, Wear, 2008, 265(11), p 1776–1783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.04.02410.1016/j.wear.2008.04.024 ↗
2. P.J. Arrazola, A. Garay, L.M. Iriarte et al., Machinability of Titanium Alloys (Ti6Al4V and Ti555.3), J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209(5), p 2223–2230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.02010.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.020 ↗
3. A.P. Wu, Z.H. Song et al., Interface and Properties of the Friction Stir Welded Joints of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V with Aluminum Alloy 6061, Mater. Des., 2015, 71(6), p 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.01510.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.015 ↗
4. K.X. Cui, P.K. Liaw, and Y. Zhang, Cryogenic-Mechanical Properties and Applications of Multiple-Basis-Element Alloys, Metals, 2022, 12(12), p 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/met1212207510.3390/met12122075 ↗
5. Q. Zhang, B. Wang, J.X. Zhao et al., Formation Mechanism of Surface Integrity Anisotropism After Milling Laser-Deposition-Manufactured Titanium Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2023, 05(07), p 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08018-w10.1007/s11665-023-08018-w ↗
6. C.Q. Zhang, L.S. Xie, M.H. Chen et al., Dynamic Mechanical Property and Plastic Constitutive Relation of TC4-DT Titanium Alloy Under High Strain Rate, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 2015, 25(2), p 323329. https://doi.org/10.19476/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2015.02.00710.19476/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2015.02.007 ↗
7. X.L. Hui, R.K. Mou, C.Y. Bai et al., Dynamic Mechanical Property and Constitutive Model for TC4 Titanium Alloy, J. Vib. Shock., 2016, 35(22), p 161–168. https://doi.org/10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2016.22.02410.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2016.22.024 ↗
8. Y.F. Deng, Y. Zhang, J.D. Aan et al., Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Relationship of TC4 Titanium Alloy, J. Vib. Shock., 2020, 39(18), p 70–77. https://doi.org/10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.18.00910.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.18.009 ↗
9. M. Cai, W. Chen, L.Q. Chen et al., Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Relation of TC8 Titanium Alloy, Mater. Mech. Eng., 2020, 44(12), p 80–84. https://doi.org/10.11973/jxgccl20201201510.11973/jxgccl202012015 ↗
10. J.G. Ai, F. Jiang, and L. Yan, Dynamic Mechanics Behavior and Constitutive Model of TC4-DT Titanium Alloy Materials, Chin. Mech. Eng., 2017, 28(5), p 607–616. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2017.05.01710.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2017.05.017 ↗
11. M.Z. Wang, H.B. Dong, Z.B. Zou et al., Superplastic Tensile Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of TB8 Titanium Alloy, Spec. Cast. Nonferrous Alloy., 2016, 36(01), p 103–106. https://doi.org/10.15980/j.tzzz.2016.01.02810.15980/j.tzzz.2016.01.028 ↗
12. W.Q. Gan, G.C. Wang, L.Q. Tan et al., Study on Superplastic Constitutive Relationship of TC21 Titanium Alloy Based on Strain Rate Circulation Method, J. Plast Eng., 2015, 22(2), p 56–61. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-2012.2015.02.01010.3969/j.issn.1007-2012.2015.02.010 ↗
13. S.L. Zhu, H.B. Dong, G.H. Zhang et al., Superplastic tensile deformation behavior of TC21 titanium alloy, Spec. Cast Nonferr. Alloy., 2014, 34(11), p 1217–1221. https://doi.org/10.15980/j.tzzz.2014.11.03110.15980/j.tzzz.2014.11.031 ↗
14. C.M. Zhang, A. Mu, Y. Wang et al., Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model Construction of TC18 Titanium Alloy, Met. Open Access Metall. J., 2019, 10(1), p 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/met1001004410.3390/met10010044 ↗
15. X.H. Qian, and X.Y. Duan, Constitutive Model and Cutting Simulation of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V After Heat Treatment, Mater, 2019, 12(24), p 4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1224414510.3390/ma12244145 ↗
16. T. Yasmeen, Z. Shao, L. Zhao et al., Constitutive Modeling for the Simulation of the Superplastic Forming of TA15 Titanium Alloy, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2019, 164(16), p 105178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.10517810.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.105178 ↗
17. L. Zhang, A. Pellegrino, D. Townsend et al., Thermomechanical Constitutive Behaviour of a Near α Titanium Alloy over a Wide Range of Strain Rates: Experiments and Modelling, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2020, 189(01), p 105970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.10597010.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105970 ↗
18. Z. Wang, Z.Z. Cao, Q.P. Yang et al., Study on Residual Stress and Deformation in Side Milling of Titanium Alloy, Mach. Tool Hydr., 2022, 50(16), p 35–39. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2022.16.00710.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2022.16.007 ↗
19. Y.C. Lin, Q. Wu, G.D. Pang et al., Hot Tensile Deformation Mechanism and Dynamic Softening Behavior of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy with Thick Lamellar Microstructures, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2020, 22(3), p 1901193. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.20190119310.1002/adem.201901193 ↗
20. Y. Wang, C.M. Zhang, and Y. Zhang, Study on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Aviation Al7050 Alloy and Construction of JC Constitutive Mode, Mater. Rep., 2021, 35(10), p 10096–10102. https://doi.org/10.1196/cldb.2006020110.1196/cldb.20060201 ↗
21. G. Su, Z. Yun, Y.C. Lin et al., Microstructure Evolution and a Unified Constitutive Model of Ti-55511 Alloy Compressed at Stepped Strain Rates, Mater, 2021, 14(22), p 6750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1422675010.3390/ma14226750 ↗
22. S. Yamanaka, K. Ikeda, and S. Miura, The Effect of Titanium and Silicon Addition on Phase Equilibrium and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeMnNi-Based High Entropy Alloy, J. Mater. Res., 2021, 36(05), p 2056–2070. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00251-010.1557/s43578-021-00251-0 ↗
23. S.H. Woo, C.S. Lee, and L.J. Park, Differences on Tension, Pressure J-C Constitutive Equation Parameter of Strain Rate Effect for Ti-6Al-4V, Kor. J. Mater. Res., 2017, 27(01), p 19–24. https://doi.org/10.3740/MRSK.2017.27.1.1910.3740/MRSK.2017.27.1.19 ↗
24. S. Li, J. Sui, F. Ding et al., Optimization of Milling Aluminum Alloy 6061–T6 Using Modified Johnson-Cook Model, Simul. Modell. Pract. Theory., 2021, 111(12), p 102330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2021.10233010.1016/j.simpat.2021.102330 ↗
25. M. Zhang, Numerical Simulation Analysis of Thin-Walled Milling in Titanium Alloy Based on Modified JC Constitutive Model. Harbin University of Science and Technology, Ma. thesis. CHN, 2021. https://doi.org/10.27063/d.cnki.ghlgu.2021.00005010.27063/d.cnki.ghlgu.2021.000050 ↗
26. X.Y. Wang, C.Z. Huang, B. Zou et al., Dynamic Behavior and a Modified Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model of Inconel 718 at High Strain Rate and Elevated Temperature, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 580(15), p 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.05.06210.1016/j.msea.2013.05.062 ↗
27. D. Lu, Y. Yang, Y. Qin et al., Effect of Particle Size and Sintering Temperature on Densification During Coupled Multifield-Activated Micro Forming, J. Mater. Res., 2012, 27(20), p 2579–2586. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.26210.1557/jmr.2012.262 ↗
28. A.K. Du, Y. Yang, Y. Qin et al., Effects of Heating Rate and Sintering Temperature on 316Â L Stainless Steel Powders Sintered Under Multiphysical Field Coupling, Mater. Manuf. Processes, 2012, 28(01), p 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2012.70934910.1080/10426914.2012.709349 ↗
29. Y.C. Lin, J. Huang, H.B. Li et al., Phase Transformation and Constitutive Models of a Hot Compressed TC18 Titanium Alloy in the α+ β Regime, Vac., 2018, 157(11), p 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.08.02010.1016/j.vacuum.2018.08.020 ↗
30. H. Dong, and M. Zhang, Application of ABAQUS Secondary Development Platform in TC4 Alloy Cutting Simulation, EITCE, 2019, 3, p 726–730. https://doi.org/10.1109/EITCE47263.2019.90948410.1109/EITCE47263.2019.909484 ↗
31. A. Shakoor, N. Khan, R. Muhammad et al., Finite Element Simulation of Bullet Resistant Composite Body Armor, ICASE, 2015, 9, p 73–78.
32. J.M. Li, X.Y. Wang, Y. Qiao et al., Experiment and Simulation Research on Cryogenic Cutting of Inconel 718, J. Mech. Eng., 2020, 56(18), p 61. https://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2020.18.06110.3901/JME.2020.18.061 ↗
33. G.Q. Liang, A.C. Liu, and Y. Gao, Finite Element Simulation Comparative Analysis of Drilling Performance of Titanium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy, Modul. Mach. Tool Autom. Manuf. Tech., 2023, 4, p 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1362/j.cnki.mmtamt.2023.04.03110.1362/j.cnki.mmtamt.2023.04.031 ↗
34. L. Liu, C. Ding, P. Wang, X. Zhang, and Q. Lu, Yawing Motion of Rifle Bullets Penetrating into Ballistic Gelatin, Int. J. Impact Eng, 2021, 156, p 103960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.10396010.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103960 ↗
35. M. Cao, L. Chen, R. Xu et al., Effect of the Temperature on the Ballistic Performance of UHMWPE Laminate with Limited Thickness, Compos. Struct., 2021, 277(1), p 114638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.11463810.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114638 ↗