Location-Dependent Microstructure and Properties for Plasma Arc Additively Manufactured Duplex Stainless Steel ER2209 Wire
Source abstract
Abstract
The location-dependent thermal cycles, microstructure and properties of plasma arc additive manufacturing (PAAM) multi-layered thin-wall part by using ER2209 wire were explored through numerical simulation and experiments. The microstructure of thin-wall part from the 05th to 25th layer was composed of ferrite and various morphologies austenite, whereas σ-phase precipitated within ferrite grains in the 30th layer and this result was confirmed by numerical simulation analysis. The increment of austenite fraction from the 05th to 30th layer was attributed to the deterioration of cooling rate and more time for solid-state phase transformation. The ferrite grains size and austenite morphologies vary significantly from the 05th to 30th layer with different cooling rate. The thin-wall part existed location-dependent mechanical properties caused by the difference of phase fraction and grain size as well as the precipitation of σ-phase. The fracture mechanism transformed from ductile fracture in the 05th-25th layer to a mixed ductile/brittle fracture in the 30th layer. The reason for corrosion resistance variation from the 05th to 25th layer was the difference of corrosion exposure area, while the 30th layer with σ-phase precipitation exhibited the poorest corrosion resistance. PAAM is an available way to obtain thin-wall part with reasonable microstructure and improved properties that are superior to conventional 2205 duplex stainless steel.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · High Entropy Alloys Studies
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