Investigation of the Damage Mechanism of CrN and Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on Precipitation-Hardened and Duplex-Treated X42Cr13/W Tool Steel by 3D Scratch Testing
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The present work deals with the characterization of the scratch resistance of two different types of coatings, i.e., chromium nitride (CrN) and diamond-like carbon prepared on X42Cr13/W (1.2083) plastic mold tool steel by physical vapor deposition and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, respectively. Our study focuses on the influence of the duplex treatment, i.e., plasma nitriding + ceramic coating on the scratch resistance of the tool steel. An advanced 3D scratch testing methodology has been used to investigate the coating adhesion and damage mechanism during scratching. The scratch analysis is completed by ball cratering test and micro-Vickers test to determine the thickness and hardness of the coatings. The test results demonstrate that the applied duplex treatment is an unambiguously advantageous surface technological process which manifests itself in higher loadability and lower sensitivity for cracking of the duplex coatings, increasing the critical forces. The scratch resistance of the combined substrate/coating material system is enhanced by the harder substrate material, providing a better interfacial bonding for both types of the ceramic coatings without changing the basic damage mechanisms.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (39)
Show source-provided references
1. K. Holmberg and A. Mathews, Coatings Tribology: A Concept, Critical Aspects and Future Directions, Thin Solid Films, 1994, 253(1), p 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(94)90315-810.1016/0040-6090(94)90315-8 ↗
2. K. Holmberg, H. Ronkainen and A. Matthews, Tribology of Thin Coatings, Ceram. Int., 2000, 26(7), p 787–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(00)00015-810.1016/S0272-8842(00)00015-8 ↗
3. K. Holmberg and A. Matthews, Coatings tribology: properties, mechanisms, techniques and applications in surface engineering, Elsevier, 2009.
4. J. Robertson, Diamond-Like Amorphous Carbon, Mat. Sci. Eng. R-Rep., 2002, 37(4–6), p 129–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(02)00005-010.1016/S0927-796X(02)00005-0 ↗
5. C.P.O. Treutler, Industrial Use of Plasma-Deposited Coatings for Components of Automotive Fuel Injection Systems, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2005, 200(5–6), p 1969–1975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.01210.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.012 ↗
6. M.J. Dai, K.S. Zhou, Z.H. Yuan, Q. Ding and Z.Q. Fu, The Cutting Performance of Diamond and DLC-Coated Cutting Tools, Diam. Relat. Mater., 1999, 9(9–10), p 1753–1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00296-X10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00296-X ↗
7. H. Fukui, J. Okida, N. Omori, H. Moriguchi and K. Tsuda, Cutting Performance of DLC Coated Tools in Dry Machining Aluminum Alloys, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2004, 187(1), p 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.01.01410.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.01.014 ↗
8. B. Podgornik and S. Hogmark, Surface Modification to Improve Friction and Galling Properties of Forming Tools, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2006, 174(1–3), p 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.01.01610.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.01.016 ↗
9. T.J. Joyce, Examination of Failed Ex Vivo Metal-on-Metal Metatarsophalangeal Prosthesis and Comparison with Theoretically Determined Lubrication Regimes, Wear, 2007, 263(7), p 1050–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.04510.1016/j.wear.2006.11.045 ↗
10. C.V. Falub, U. Muller, G. Thorwarth, M. Parlinska-Wojtan, C. Voisard and R. Hauert, In Vitro Studies of the Adhesion of Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films on Cocrmo Biomedical Implant Alloy, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(11), p 4678–4689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.01410.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.014 ↗
11. R. Hauert, G. Thorwarth, U. Muller, M. Stiefel, C.V. Falub, K. Thorwarth and T.J. Joyce, Analysis of the In-Vivo Failure of the Adhesive Interlayer for a DLC Coated Articulating Metatarsophalangeal Joint, Diam. Relat. Mater., 2012, 25, p 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2012.02.00110.1016/j.diamond.2012.02.001 ↗
12. C.T. Wang, A. Escudeiro, T. Polcar, A. Cavaleiro, R.J.K. Wood, N. Gao and T.G. Langdon, Indentation and Scratch Testing of dlc-zr coatings on Ultrafine-Grained Titanium Processed by High-Pressure Torsion, Wear, 2013, 306(1), p 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.03310.1016/j.wear.2012.12.033 ↗
13. V.M. Tiainen, Amorphous Carbon as a Bio-Mechanical Coating Mechanical Properties and Biological Applications, Diam. Relat. Mater., 2001, 10(2), p 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00462-310.1016/S0925-9635(00)00462-3 ↗
14. N.V. Novikov, A.G. Gontar, S.I. Khandozhko, A.M. Kutsay, V.N. Tkach, V.Y. Gorokhov, G.M. Belitsky and A.V. Vasin, Protective Diamond-Like Coatings for Optical Materials and Electronic Devices, Diam. Relat. Mater., 1999, 9(3–6), p 792–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00242-910.1016/S0925-9635(00)00242-9 ↗
15. S. Takeuchi, A. Tanji, H. Miyazawa and M. Murakawa, Synthesis of Thick DLC Film for Micromachine Components, Thin Solid Films, 2004, 447, p 208–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01058-710.1016/S0040-6090(03)01058-7 ↗
16. E.L. Dalibon, L. Escalada, S. Simison, C. Forsich, D. Heim and S.P. Bruhl, Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Thick and Soft DLC Coatings, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2017, 312, p 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.00610.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.006 ↗
17. A. Czyzniewski, Optimising Deposition Parameters of W-DLC Coatings for Tool Materials of High Speed Steel and Cemented Carbide, Vacuum, 2012, 86(12), p 2140–2147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2012.06.01110.1016/j.vacuum.2012.06.011 ↗
18. F. Rivadulla, M.B. Lopez, C.X. Quintela, A. Pineiro, V. Pardo, D. Baldomir, M.A.L. Quintela, J. Rivas, C.A. Ramos, H. Salva, J.S. Zhou and J.B. Goodenough, Reduction of the Bulk Modulus at High Pressure in CrN, Nat. Mater., 2009, 8(12), p 947–951. https://doi.org/10.1038/NMAT254910.1038/NMAT2549 ↗
19. B. Alling, T. Marten and I.A. Abrikosov, Questionable Collapse of the Bulk Modulus in CrN, Nat. Mater., 2010, 9(4), p 283–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat272210.1038/nmat2722 ↗
20. J. Vetter, Vacuum Arc Coatings for Tools: Potential and Application, Surf. Coat. Tech., 1995, 76, p 719–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-910.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9 ↗
21. C.A. Charitidis, Nanomechanical and Nanotribological Properties of Carbon-Based thin Films: A Review, Int. J. Refract Metal Hard Mater., 2010, 28, p 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.08.00310.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.08.003 ↗
22. B. Podgornik, J. Vizintin, O. Wanstrand, M. Larsson, S. Hogmark, H. Ronkainen and K. Holmberg, Tribological Properties of Plasma Nitrided and Hard Coated AISI 4140 Steel, Wear, 2001, 249(3–4), p 254–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00564-610.1016/S0043-1648(01)00564-6 ↗
23. E.L. Dalibon, V.T. Airoldi, L.A. Pereira, A. Cabo and S.P. Bruehl, Wear Resistance of Nitrided and DLC Coated PH Stainless Steel, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2014, 255, p 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.11.00410.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.11.004 ↗
24. N. Sharma, N. Kumar, S. Dash, C.R. Das, R.V. Subba Rao, A.K. Tyagi and B. Raj, Scratch Resistance and Tribological Properties of DLC Coatings Under Dry and Lubrication Conditions, Tribol. Int., 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.06.02010.1016/j.triboint.2012.06.020 ↗
25. H. Kovaci, O. Baran, A.F. Yetim, Y.B. Bozkurt, L. Kara and A. Celik, The Friction and Wear Performance of DLC Coatings Deposited on Plasma Nitrided AISI 4140 Steel by magnetron Sputtering Under Air and Vacuum Conditions, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2018, 349, p 969–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.05.08410.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.05.084 ↗
26. J.A. Picas, A. Forn and G. Matthaus, Hvof Coatings as an Alternative to Hard Chrome for Pistons and Valves, Wear, 2006, 261(5), p 477–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.12.00510.1016/j.wear.2005.12.005 ↗
27. H.E. Hinterman, Adhesion Friction and Wear of Thin Hard Coatings, Wear, 1984, 100(13), p 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(84)90023-110.1016/0043-1648(84)90023-1 ↗
28. F. Rastegar and D.E. Richardson, Alternative to Chrome: HVOF Cermet Coatings for High Horse Power Diesel Engines, Surf. Coat. Tech., 1997, 90(1–2), p 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(96)03112-X10.1016/S0257-8972(96)03112-X ↗
29. J. Miksovsky, P. Kutilek, J. Lukes, Z. Tolde, J. Remsa, T. Kocourek, F. Uherek and M. Jelinek, Adhesion Properties of DLC and TiO2 Thin Films Using Scratch Test Methods, Chem. Listy, 2011, 105, p S692–S695.
30. S. Houdkova, F. Zahalka and M. Kasparova, The Influence of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Microstructure on Their Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics, Mat. Sci. Forum, 2007, 567–568, p 229–232. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.567-568.22910.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.567-568.229 ↗
31. S.J. Bull and D.S. RickerbyI, New Developments in the Modelling of the Hardness and Scratch Adhesion of Thin-Films, Surf. Coat. Tech., 1990, 42(2), p 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(90)90121-R10.1016/0257-8972(90)90121-R ↗
32. P. Hedenqvist, M. Olsson and S. Jaconson, Failure Mode Analysis of Tin-Coated High Speed Steel- In-Situ Scratch Adhesion Testing in the Scanning Electron Micrscope, Surf. Coat. Tech., 1990, 41(1), p 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(90)90128-Y10.1016/0257-8972(90)90128-Y ↗
33. S.J. Bull, Failure Modes in Scratch Adhesion Testing, Surf. Coat. Tech., 1991, 50(1), p 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(91)90188-310.1016/0257-8972(91)90188-3 ↗
34. S.J. Bull, Failure Mode Maps in the Thin Film Scratch Adhesion Test”, Tribol. Int., 1995, 30(7), p 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(97)00012-110.1016/S0301-679X(97)00012-1 ↗
35. Y. Xie and H.M. Hawthorne, Effect of Contact Geometry on the Failure Modes of thin Coatings in the Scratch Adhesion Test, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2002, 155(2–3), p 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00064-610.1016/S0257-8972(02)00064-6 ↗
36. ASTM C1624-05, Standard Test Method for Adhesion Strength and Mechanical Failure Modes of Ceramic Coatings by Quantitative Single Point Scratch Testing, (2015), https://doi.org/10.1520/C1624-05R15.10.1520/C1624-05R15 ↗
37. H. Ichimura and A. Rodrigo, The Correlation of Scratch Adhesion with Composite Hardness for TiN Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2000, 126(2–3), p 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(00)00541-710.1016/s0257-8972(00)00541-7 ↗
38. N.X. Randall, G. Favaro and C.H. Frankel, The Effect of Intrinsic Parameters on the Critical Load as Measured with the Scratch Test Method, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 137(2–3), p 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(00)01097-510.1016/s0257-8972(00)01097-5 ↗
39. P.A. Steinmann, Y. Tardy and H.E. Hintermann, Adhesion Testing by the Scratch Test Method: The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Parameters on the Critical Load, Thin Solid Films, 1987, 154(1–2), p 333–349.10.1016/0040-6090(87)90377-4 ↗