Tribological Behavior of TiN/TiAlN, CrN/TiAlN, and CrAlN/TiAlN Coatings at Elevated Temperature
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, the tribological properties of cathodic arc PVD deposited TiN/TiAlN, CrN/TiAlN, and CrAlN/TiAlN bilayer coatings were investigated and compared with thin and thick monolayer TiAlN coatings at 500 °C. The influence of the interlayer coatings (TiN, CrN, and CrAlN) on the tribological properties of the bilayer coatings was also evaluated. The mechanical and scratch resistance properties of the coatings were measured, and it is found that the in-plane hardness and elastic modulus profile of bilayer coatings were significantly higher than that of the monolayer TiAlN coated samples. Furthermore, it was found that both interlayer coating and the thickness of the coating have limited or no effect on the friction coefficient. The bilayer coatings demonstrated improved wear resistance at room temperature and 500 °C with a minimum of 70-90 and 18-30% improvement in comparison with monolayer TiAlN coated samples of similar thickness, respectively. The improved wear resistance can be associated with the improved mechanical properties and formation of the oxide layer coupled with the enhanced scratch adhesion strength of the bilayer coatings.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (52)
Show source-provided references
1. O. Knotek, F. Löffler and L. Wolkers, Phase Stability and Formation of Ti-Al-C-N PVD Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1994, 68(69), p 176–180.10.1016/0257-8972(94)90156-2 ↗
2. G.G. Fuentes, E. Almandoz, R. Pierrugues, R. Martínez, R.J. Rodríguez and J. Caro, High Temperature Tribological Characterisation of TiAlSiN Coatings Produced by Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205(5), p 1368–1373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.09.00410.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.09.004 ↗
3. N. Ravi, R. Markandeya and S.V. Joshi, Effect of Substrate Roughness on Adhesion and Tribological Properties of Nc-TiAlN/a-Si3 N4 Nanocomposite Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc PVD Process, Surf. Eng., 2015, 0844(August), p 160223065839006. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743294415Y.000000000510.1179/1743294415Y.0000000005 ↗
4. Y.X. Xu, L. Chen, F. Pei, Y. Du, Y. Liu and J.L. Yue, Influence of Hf on the Structure, Thermal Stability and Oxidation Resistance of Ti-Al-N Coatings, Thin Solid Films, 2014, 565, p 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.06.04310.1016/j.tsf.2014.06.043 ↗
5. T.S. Kumar, Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization of TiCN/TiAlN and TiAlN/TiCN Bilayer Nitride Coatings, Surfaces and Interfaces, 2019, 15, p 256–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2019.03.00110.1016/j.surfin.2019.03.001 ↗
6. C.M. Koller, R. Hollerweger, R. Rachbauer, S. Kolozsvári, J. Paulitsch and P.H. Mayrhofer, Annealing Studies and Oxidation Tests of a Hybrid Multilayer Arrangement of Cathodic Arc Evaporated Ti-Al-N and Reactively Sputtered Ta-Al-N Coatings, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2015, 283, p 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.10.05410.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.10.054 ↗
7. S. PalDey and S.C. Deevi, Single Layer and Multilayer Wear Resistant Coatings of (Ti, Al)N: a Review, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 342(1–2), p 58–79.10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00259-9 ↗
8. F. Fernandes, A. Loureiro, T. Polcar and A. Cavaleiro, The Effect of Increasing V Content on the Structure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Ti-Si-V-N Films Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 289, p 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.10.11710.1016/j.apsusc.2013.10.117 ↗
9. K. Wasa, S. Hayakawa, Handbook of Sputter Deposition Technology (1992). https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:24004571. Accessed 10 Jan 2017
10. A.Y. Adesina, Z.M. Gasem and A.M. Kumar, Electrochemical Evaluation of the Corrosion Protectiveness and Porosity of Vacuum Annealed CrAlN and TiAlN Cathodic Arc Physical Vapor Deposited Coatings, Mater. Corros., 2019, 70(9), p 1601–1616. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.20181071510.1002/maco.201810715 ↗
11. X. Nie, S. Mao, M. Yan, J. Li and Z. Song, Structure and Property Transitions of Al-Based Binary Alloy Coatings by Magnetron Sputtering, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2014, 254, p 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.07.00410.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.07.004 ↗
12. M. Khadem, O.V. Penkov, H.K. Yang and D.E. Kim, Tribology of Multilayer Coatings for Wear Reduction: a Review, Friction, 2017, 5(3), p 248–262.10.1007/s40544-017-0181-7 ↗
13. L. Aihua, D. Jianxin, C. Haibing, C. Yangyang and Z. Jun, Friction and Wear Properties of TiN, TiAlN, AlTiN and CrAlN PVD Nitride Coatings, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2012, 31, p 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2011.09.01010.1016/j.ijrmhm.2011.09.010 ↗
14. G.S. Fox-rabinovich, B.D. Beake, J.L. Endrino, S.C. Veldhuis and R. Parkinson, Effect of Mechanical Properties Measured at Room and Elevated Temperatures on the Wear Resistance of Cutting Tools with TiAlN and AlCrN Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 5738–5742.10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.132 ↗
15. M. Pellizzari, High Temperature Wear and Friction Behaviour of Nitrided, PVD-Duplex and CVD Coated Tool Steel against 6082 Al Alloy, Wear, 2011, 271(9–10), p 2089–2099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.06710.1016/j.wear.2011.01.067 ↗
16. R.R. Raja, M. Vannan, T.V. Moorthy, P. Hariharan, P. Prabhu, R.R. Raja, M. Vannan, T.V. Moorthy, P. Hariharan and P. Prabhu, Effect of Physical Vapor Deposited Bilayer ( AlCrN + TiAlN ) Coating on High-Speed Steel Single Point Cutting Tool, Mater. Manuf. Process., 2017, 32(4), p 373–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.117617810.1080/10426914.2016.1176178 ↗
17. T.S. Kumar, S.B. Prabu and G. Manivasagam, Metallurgical Characteristics of TiAlN/AlCrN Coating Synthesized by the PVD Process on a Cutting Insert, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 2014, 23(8), p 2877–2884.10.1007/s11665-014-1057-x ↗
18. A. Rizzo, L. Mirenghi, M. Massaro, U. Galietti, L. Capodieci, R. Terzi, L. Tapfer and D. Valerini, Improved Properties of TiAlN Coatings through the Multilayer Structure, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2013, 235, p 475–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.00610.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.006 ↗
19. H. Du, H. Zhao, J. Xiong and G. Xian, Effect of Interlayers on the Structure and Properties of TiAlN Based Coatings on WC-Co Cemented Carbide Substrate, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2013, 37, p 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.10.01710.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.10.017 ↗
20. A.Y. Adesina, Z.M. Gasem and A. Madhan Kumar, Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Single-Layer Cathodic Arc PVD Nitride-Base Coatings in 1M HCl and 3.5 Pct NaCl Solutions, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2017, 48(2), p 1321–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0891-710.1007/s11663-016-0891-7 ↗
21. A.Y. Adesina, Z.M. Gasem and F.A. Al-Badour, Characterization and Evaluation of AlCrN Coated FSW Tool: a Preliminary Study, J. Manuf. Process., 2017, 25, p 432–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.12.01910.1016/j.jmapro.2016.12.019 ↗
22. A.Y. Adesina, Z.M. Gasem and A.S. Mohammed, Comparative Investigation and Characterization of the Scratch and Wear Resistance Behavior of TiN, CrN, AlTiN and AlCrN Cathodic Arc PVD Coatings, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04038-810.1007/s13369-019-04038-8 ↗
23. W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr, Measurement of Hardness and Elastic Modulus by Instrumented Indentation: Advances in Understanding and Refinements to Methodology, J. Mater. Res., 2011, 19(01), p 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.310.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3 ↗
24. R.L. Boxman and S. Goldsmith, Macroparticle Contamination in Cathodic Arc Coatings: Generation, Transport and Control, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1992, 52, p 39–50.10.1016/0257-8972(92)90369-L ↗
25. A.M. Kumar, B. Suresh, S. Das, I.B. Obot, A.Y. Adesina and S. Ramakrishna, Promising Bio-Composites of Polypyrrole and Chitosan: Surface Protective and in Vitro Biocompatibility Performance on 316L SS Implants, Carbohydr. Polym., 2017, 173, p 121–130.10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.083 ↗
26. A.Y. Adesina, Z. Iqbal, F.A. Al-Badour and Z.M. Gasem, Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of AlCrN Coated Spark Plasma Sintered W-25%Re-Hfc Composite Material for FSW Tool Application, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2019, 8(1), p 436–446.10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.04.004 ↗
27. A.Y. Adesina, F.A. Al-Badour and Z.M. Gasem, Wear Resistance Performance of AlCrN and TiAlN Coated H13 Tools during Friction Stir Welding of A2124/SiC Composite, J. Manuf. Process., 2018, 33, p 11–125.10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.04.019 ↗
28. M.F. Khan, A.Y. Adesina and Z.M. Gasem, Electrochemical and Electrical Resistance Behavior of Cathodic Arc PVD TiN, CrN, AlCrN, and AlTiN Coatings in Simulated Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Environment, Mater. Corros., 2019, 70(2), p 281–292.10.1002/maco.201810377 ↗
29. S. Zhang, H.L. Wang, S.-E. Ong, D. Sun and X.L. Bui, Hard yet Tough Nanocomposite Coatings—Present Status and Future Trends, Plasma Process. Polym., 2007, 4(3), p 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.20060017910.1002/ppap.200600179 ↗
30. S.V. Hainsworth and W.C. Soh, The Effect of the Substrate on the Mechanical Properties of TiN Coatings, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2003, 163–164, p 515–520.10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00652-7 ↗
31. J.R. Tuck, A.M. Korsunskyl, S.J. Bull and R.I. Davidson, On the Application of the Work-of-Indentation Approach to Depth-Sensing Indentation Experiments in Coated Systems, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2001, 137(2–3), p 217–224.10.1016/S0257-8972(00)01063-X ↗
32. J.R. Tuck, A.M. Korsunsky, D.G. Bhat and S.J. Bull, Indentation Hardness Evaluation of Cathodic Arc Deposited Thin Hard Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 139, p 63–74.10.1016/S0257-8972(00)01116-6 ↗
33. Z. Wu, F. Zhou, K. Chen, Q. Wang, Z. Zhou, J. Yan and L.K.Y. Li, Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of CrSiC Coatings Sliding Against SiC and Al2O3 Balls in Water, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2016, 368, p 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.27610.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.276 ↗
34. A.Y. Adesina, Z.M. Gasem and A.S. Mohammed, Comparative Investigation and Characterization of the Scratch and Wear Resistance Behavior of TiN, CrN, AlTiN and AlCrN Cathodic Arc PVD Coatings, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 2019, 44(12), p 10355–10371.10.1007/s13369-019-04038-8 ↗
35. S. Zhang and X. Zhang, Toughness Evaluation of Hard Coatings and Thin Films, Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520(7), p 2375–2389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.09.03610.1016/j.tsf.2011.09.036 ↗
36. J. Gerth and U. Wiklund, The Influence of Metallic Interlayers on the Adhesion of PVD TiN Coatings on High-Speed Steel, Wear, 2008, 264(9–10), p 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.05310.1016/j.wear.2006.11.053 ↗
37. B.D. Beake, J.L. Endrino, C. Kimpton, G.S. Fox-rabinovich and S.C. Veldhuis, Elevated Temperature Repetitive Micro-Scratch Testing of AlCrN, TiAlN and AlTiN PVD Coatings, Int. J. Refract. Metals Hard Mater., 2017, 69(July), p 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.08.01710.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.08.017 ↗
38. G.S. Fox-Rabinovich, A.I. Kovalev, M.H. Aguirre, B.D. Beake, K. Yamamoto, S.C. Veldhuis, J.L. Endrino, D.L. Wainstein and A.Y. Rashkovskiy, Design and Performance of AlTiN and TiAlCrN PVD Coatings for Machining of Hard to Cut Materials, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2009, 204(4), p 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.02110.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.021 ↗
39. ASTM, “Standard Test Method for Adhesion Strength and Mechanical Failure Modes Of,” 2019, pp. 1–29.
40. Y. Xi, K. Gao, X. Pang, H. Yang, X. Xiong, H. Li and A.A. Volinsky, Film Thickness Effect on Texture and Residual Stress Sign Transition in Sputtered TiN Thin Films, Ceram. Int., 2017, 43(15), p 11992–11997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.05010.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.050 ↗
41. C. Mendibide, P. Steyer, C. Esnouf, P. Goudeau, D. Thiaudière, M. Gailhanou and J. Fontaine, X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Residual Stress State in PVD TiN/CrN Multilayer Coatings Deposited on Tool Steel, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2005, 200(1–4), p 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.08110.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.081 ↗
42. S.J. Bull, Failure Mode Maps in the Thin Film Scratch Adhesion Test, Tribol. Int., 1997, 30(7), p 491–498.10.1016/S0301-679X(97)00012-1 ↗
43. S.J. Bull, Failure Modes in Scratch Adhesion Testing, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1991, 50(1), p 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(91)90188-310.1016/0257-8972(91)90188-3 ↗
44. P. Henry, M.-J. Pac, C. Rousselot and M.-H. Tuilier, Wear Mechanisms of Titanium and Aluminium Nitride Coatings: a Microtribological Approach, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 223, p 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.02.03310.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.02.033 ↗
45. R. Rodríguez-Baracaldo, J.A. Benito, E.S. Puchi-Cabrera and M.H. Staia, High Temperature Wear Resistance of (TiAl)N PVD Coating on Untreated and Gas Nitrided AISI H13 Steel with Different Heat Treatments, Wear, 2007, 262(3–4), p 380–389.10.1016/j.wear.2006.06.010 ↗
46. K. Dejun and G. Haoyuan, Friction-Wear Behaviors of Cathodic Arc Ion Plating AlTiN Coatings at High Temperatures, Tribol. Int., 2015, 88, p 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.03.00910.1016/j.triboint.2015.03.009 ↗
47. A. Gilewicz and B. Warcholinski, Tribological Properties of CrCN/CrN Multilayer Coatings, Tribol. Int., 2014, 80, p 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.06.01210.1016/j.triboint.2014.06.012 ↗
48. C. Tritremmel, R. Daniel, H. Rudigier, P. Polcik and C. Mitterer, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AlTiN/AlCrBN Multilayer Films Synthesized by Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2014, 246, p 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.03.00510.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.03.005 ↗
49. R.D. Torres, P.C. Soares, C. Schmitz and C.J.M. Siqueira, Influence of the Nitriding and TiAlN/TiN Coating Thickness on the Sliding Wear Behavior of Duplex Treated AISI H13 Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205(5), p 1381–1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.10210.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.102 ↗
50. B. Bhushan, Introduction to Tribology, 2nd ed. (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), p 711.10.1002/9781118403259 ↗
51. Y.C. Chim, X.Z. Ding, X.T. Zeng and S. Zhang, Oxidation Resistance of TiN, CrN, TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc, Thin Solid Films, 2009, 517(17), p 4845–4849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.03810.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.038 ↗
52. B. Tlili, C. Nouveau, G. Guillemot, A. Besnard and A. Barkaoui, Investigation of the Effect of Residual Stress Gradient on the Wear Behavior of PVD Thin Films, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2018, 27(2), p 457–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3132-110.1007/s11665-018-3132-1 ↗