Effects of Heat-Treatment Time on the Structural, Dielectric, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of BaM Hexaferrite
Source abstract
Abstract
M-type hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) powders have been synthesized by means of the sol-gel autocombustion technique and is heat treated at 1000 °C for different times (t = 1, 2, 3, and 4 h). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses are carried out to observe the weight loss and transformation of different phases during heat treatment. X-Ray diffraction patterns of the sample heat treated for 4 h confirms the formation of single phase M-type hexaferrite. The dielectric parameters and ac conductivity (σac) are measured in the high frequency range 1 MHz-3 GHz. The dielectric properties and ac conductivity are based on the space charge polarization according to the Maxwell-Wagner two-layer model and the Koop’s phenomenological theory. The dielectric constant (e′) and dielectric loss (tan δ) decrease, while ac conductivity enhances with the increase of frequency. The room temperature DC electrical resistivity of the sample heat treated for 2 h enhances up to 2.93 × 109 (Ω-cm) and attributed to the migration of Fe2+ ions to the neighboring tetrahedral sites and lowering the Fe3+ contents on the octahedral sites. The temperature-dependent DC resistivity of samples shows a normal semiconducting behavior. The saturation magnetization, magnetic moment, and coercivity of the samples are observed to enhance with the increase of heat-treatment time. Owing to these qualities, the synthesized materials may be considered useful for high frequency applications, recording media, and permanent magnets.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites · Electromagnetic wave absorption materials · Multiferroics and related materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (61)
Show source-provided references
1. J. Yu, S. Tang, L. Zhai, Y. Shi, and Y. Du, Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Single-Crystalline BaFe12O19 Nanoparticles, Phys. B, 2009, 404, p 4253–425610.1016/j.physb.2009.08.043 ↗
2. Z. Pang, X. Zhang, B. Ding, D. Bao, and B. Han, Microstructure and Magnetic Microstructure of La-Co Doped Strontium Hexaferrites, J. Alloy J. Compd., 2010, 492, p 691–69410.1016/j.jallcom.2009.12.019 ↗
3. L. Junliang, Z. Yanwei, G. Cuijing, Z. Wei, and Y. Xiaowei, One-Step Synthesis of Barium Hexaferrite Nano-Powders Via Microwave-Assisted Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2010, 30, p 993–99710.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.10.019 ↗
4. C. Kittle, Theory of the Structure of Ferromagnetic Domains in Films and Small Particles, Phys. Rev., 1946, 70, p 96510.1103/PhysRev.70.965 ↗
5. J. Bera and P.K. Roy, Effect of Grain Size on the Electromagnetic Properties of Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 Ferrite, Phys. B, 2005, 363, p 128–13210.1016/j.physb.2005.03.010 ↗
6. C.G. Koops, On the Dispersion of Resistivity and Dielectric Constant of Some Semiconductors at Audiofrequencies, Phys. Rev., 1951, 83, p 12110.1103/PhysRev.83.121 ↗
7. J. Qiu, H. Shen, and M. Gua, Microwave Absorption of Nanosized Barium Ferrite Particles Prepared Using High-Energy Ball Milling, Powder Technol., 2005, 154, p 116–11910.1016/j.powtec.2005.05.003 ↗
8. I. Ali, M.U. Islam, M.S. Awan, and M. Ahmad, Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of M-type Hexaferrites, J. Electron. Mater. (Under review)
9. J. Huang, H. Zhuang, and W.L. Li, Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 Powders by low Temperature Combustion, Mater. Res. Bull., 2003, 38, p 149–16210.1016/S0025-5408(02)00979-0 ↗
10. W. Yongfei, L. Qiaoling, Z. Cunrui, and J. Hongxia, Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Different Morphology of Nano-SrFe12O19 Particles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 467, p 284–28710.1016/j.jallcom.2007.12.037 ↗
11. H. Kojima, Ferromagnetic Materials, Vol 3, E.P. Wohlfarth, Ed., North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1982, p 324
12. G.F.M.P. Júnior, H.O. Rodrigues, J.S. Almeida, E.O. Sancho, J.C. Góes, M.M. Costa, J.C. Denardin, and A.S.B. Sombra, Study of the Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Co2Y, Y-Type Hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) Added with PbO and Bi2O3 in the RF Frequency Range, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 493, p 326–33410.1016/j.jallcom.2009.12.094 ↗
13. I.H. Gul and A. Maqsood, Influence of Zn-Zr Ions on Physical and Magnetic Properties of Co-Precipitated Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2007, 316, p 13–1810.1016/j.jmmm.2007.03.205 ↗
14. R.M. Almeida, W. Paraguassu, D.S. Pires, R.R. Corrêa, and C.W.A. de Paschoal, Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of BaFe12O19 M-type Hexaferrite Obtained by Ceramic Method, Ceram. Int., 2009, 35, p 2443–244710.1016/j.ceramint.2009.02.020 ↗
15. A.S. Hudson, Ferrite Devices for Magnetron Protection in Microwave Power Systems, J. Microw. Power, 1975, 10, p 257–26410.1080/00222739.1975.11688961 ↗
16. K.M. Batoo, S. Kumar, and C.G. Lee, Alimuddin Influence of Al Doping on Electrical Properties of Ni-Cd Nano Ferrites, Curr. Appl. Phys., 2009, 9, p 826–83210.1016/j.cap.2008.08.001 ↗
17. M.J. Iqbal and S. Farooq, Enhancement of Electrical Resistivity of Sr0.5Ba0.5Fe12O19 Nanomaterials by Doping with Lanthanum and Nickel, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2009, 118, p 308–31310.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.056 ↗
18. M.J. Iqbal, M.N. Ashiq, and P.H. Gómezc, Influence of Annealing Temperature and Doping Rate on the Magnetic Properties of Zr-Mn Substituted Sr-Hexaferrite Nanoparticles, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 500, p 113–11610.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.228 ↗
19. M.J. Iqbal and M.N. Ashiq, Physical and Electrical Properties of Zr-Cu Substituted Strontium Hexaferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method, Chem. Eng. J., 2008, 136, p 383–38910.1016/j.cej.2007.05.046 ↗
20. K.K. Mallick, Philip. Shepherd, and J. Roger, Green Dielectric properties of M-type Barium Hexaferrite Prepared by Co-Precipitation, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 27, p 2045–205210.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.05.098 ↗
21. I. Ali, M.U. Islam, M. Awan, M. Ahmad, N. Ashiq, and S. Naseem, Effect of Tb3+ Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of M-Type Hexaferrites Synthesized by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Technique, J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 550, p 564–57210.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.121 ↗
22. I. Ali, M.U. Islam, M. Awan, and M. Ahmad, Effects of Cr-Ga Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) Synthesized by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Route, J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 547, p 118–12510.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.122 ↗
23. M. Ajmal, N.A. Shah, A. Maqsood, M.S. Awan, and M. Arif, Influence of Heat-Treatment Time on the Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Polycrystalline Cu0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 Ferrites, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 508, p 226–23210.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.067 ↗
24. S. Che, J. Wang, and Q. Chen, Soft Magnetic Nanoparticles of BaFe12O19 Fabricated Under Mild Conditions, J. Phys. Condens. Mater., 2003, 15, p L335–L33910.1088/0953-8984/15/22/101 ↗
25. K.W. Wagner, Dielectric Relaxation in Distributed Dielectric Layers, Ann. Phys. (Liepzig), 1913, 345(5), p 81710.1002/andp.19133450502 ↗
26. J.C. Maxwell, Electricity and Magnetism, Vol 2, Oxford University Press, New York, 1973, p 828
27. M. Chanda, Science of Engineering Materials, Vol 3, The Macmillan Company of India Ltd, New Delhi, 1980, p 10310.1007/978-1-349-06055-9 ↗
28. J. C. Maxwell, Electricity and Magnetism, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1929, Section 328
29. R.G. Kharabe, R.S. Devan, C.M. Kanamadi, and B.K. Chougule, Kharabe, Smart Mater. Struct., 2006, 15, p N3610.1088/0964-1726/15/2/N02 ↗
30. H. Cho and S. Kim, M-Hexaferrites with Planar Magnetic Anisotropy and Their Application to High-Frequency Microwave Absorbers, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1999, 35, p 3151–315310.1109/20.801111 ↗
31. I. Nedkov, A. Petkov, and A. Karpov, Microwave Absorption in Sc- and CoTi-Substituted Ba Hexaferrite Powders, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1990, 26, p 1483–148410.1109/20.104419 ↗
32. L. Jia, J. Luo, H. Zhang, G. Xue, and Y. Jing, High-Frequency Properties of Si-Doped Z-Type Hexaferrites, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 489, p 162–16610.1016/j.jallcom.2009.09.043 ↗
33. S.B. Narang, A. Singh, and K. Singh, High Frequency Dielectric Behavior of Rare Earth Substituted Sr-M Hexaferrite, J. Ceram. Process. Res., 2007, 8, p 347–351
34. R.V. Mangalaraja, P. Manohar, and F.D. Gnanam, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/Silica Composite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39, p 2037–204210.1023/B:JMSC.0000017766.07079.80 ↗
35. S.C. Watawe, B.D. Sarwede, S.S. Bellad, B.D. Sutar, and B.K. Chougule, Microstructure, Frequency and Temperature-Dependent Dielectric Properties of Cobalt-Substituted Lithium Ferrites, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2000, 214, p 55–6010.1016/S0304-8853(00)00033-0 ↗
36. S.S. Bellad and B.K. Chougule, Composition and Frequency Dependent Dielectric Properties of Li-Mg-Ti Ferrites, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2000, 66, p 5810.1016/S0254-0584(00)00273-X ↗
37. A.K. Singh, T.C. Goel, R.G. Mendiratta, O.P. Thakur, and C. Prakash, Dielectric Properties of Mn-Substituted Ni-Zn Ferrites, J. Appl. Phys., 2002, 91, p 662610.1063/1.1470256 ↗
38. N. Rezlescu and E. Rezlescu, Dielectric Properties of Copper Containing Ferrites, Phys. Status Solid., 1974, 23, p 57510.1002/pssa.2210230229 ↗
39. C.B. Kolekar, P.N. Vasambekar, S.G. Kulkarni, and A.S. Vaingankar, Effect of Gd3+ Substitution on Dielectric Behaviour of Copper-Cadmium Ferrites, J. Mater. Sci., 1995, 30, p 5784–578810.1007/BF00356721 ↗
40. M.J. Iqbal, R.A. Khan, S. Mizukami, and T. Miyazaki, Tailoring of Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of BaCo2 W-Type Hexaferrites by Doping with Zr-Mn Binary Mixtures for Useful Applications, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2011, 323, p 2137–214410.1016/j.jmmm.2011.03.009 ↗
41. B.V.R. Chowdari and R.G. Krishnnan, AC Conductivity Analysis of Glassy Silver Iodomolybdate System, Solid State Ion., 1987, 23, p 225–23310.1016/0167-2738(87)90055-5 ↗
42. K.C. Kao, Dielectric Phenomena in Solids, Vol 2, Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2004, p 51
43. S.A. Mazen and H.M. Zaki, AC Conductivity of Li-Ge Ferrite, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 1995, 28, p 609–61310.1088/0022-3727/28/4/002 ↗
44. A.M. Abo El Ata, F.M. Reicha, and M.M. Ali, Transport and Magnetic Permeability Study of SrCu2−x/2Ti x Fe16−x O27 W-Type Hexaferrites, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2005, 292, p 17–2410.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.091 ↗
45. P.S. Sawadh and D.K. Kulkarni, Synthesis of Ferrite Grade γ-Fe2O, Bull. Mater. Sci., 2001, 24(1), p 47–5010.1007/BF02704839 ↗
46. Y. Purushotham, P. Kishan, N. Kumar, and P.V. Reddy, Electrical Transport Properties of Germanium-Substituted Lithium Ferrites, Mater. Lett., 1995, 22, p 47–5410.1016/0167-577X(94)00224-X ↗
47. H.P. Pinto and S.D. Elliott, Mechanism of the Verwey Transition in Magnetite: Jahn-Teller Distortion and Charge Ordering Patterns, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 2006, 18, p 10427–1043610.1088/0953-8984/18/46/010 ↗
48. M.J. Iqbal and M.N. Ashiq, Comparative Studies of SrZr x Mn x Fe12−2x O19 Nanoparticles Synthesized by co-Precipitation and Sol-Gel Combustion Methods, Scripta Mater., 2007, 56, p 145–14810.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.09.005 ↗
49. A.M.M. Farea, S. Kumar, K.M. Batoo, A. Yousef, and C.G. Lee, Alimuddin, Influence of the Doping of Ti4+ Ions on Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Mn1+x Fe2−2x Ti x O4 Ferrite, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 469, p 451–45710.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.139 ↗
50. M.P. Kumar, T. Sankarappa, B.V. Kumar, and N. Nagaraja, Dielectric Relaxation Studies in Transition Metal Ions Doped Tellurite Glasses, Solid State Sci., 2009, 11, p 21410.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.05.015 ↗
51. M.J. Iqbal and M.N. Ashiq, Physical and Electrical Properties of Zr-Cu Substituted Strontium Hexaferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method, Chem. Eng. J., 2008, 136, p 383–38910.1016/j.cej.2007.05.046 ↗
52. M.M. Barakat, M.A. Henaish, S.A. Olofa, and A. Twafik, Sintering Behaviour of the Spinel Ferrite System Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2−xCuxO4, J. Therm. Anal., 1991, 37, p 241–24810.1007/BF02055926 ↗
53. N.F. Mott and E.A. Davis, Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Material, Clarendon Press, London, 1979
54. M. U. Islam, I. Ahmad, T. Abbas, M.A. Chaudhry, and R. Nazmeen, Effect of Cu Substitution for Ni on the Properties of NiFe2O4 System, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Materials, 1999, p 155
55. R. Grossinger, A Critical Examination of the Law of Approach to Saturation, Phys. Status Solid., 1981, 66, p 66510.1002/pssa.2210660231 ↗
56. J. Smit and H.P.J. Wijn, Ferrites, Wiley, New York, 1959
57. P.G. Bercoff and H.R. Bertorello, Magnetic Properties of Ba Hexaferrite and Fe Compounds Produced by Milling and Annealing in Air, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1999, 205, p 261–26910.1016/S0304-8853(99)00471-0 ↗
58. H. Nishio, J. Ding, and R. Street, Magnetic Properties of Ba- and Sr-Hexaferrite Prepared by Mechanical Alloying, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1996, 164, p 385–38910.1016/S0304-8853(96)00406-4 ↗
59. P. Xu, X. Han, and M. Wang, Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of BaFe12O19 Hexaferrite Nanoparticles by a Reverse Microemulsion Technique, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111(16), p 5866–587010.1021/jp068955c ↗
60. R.B. Jotania, R.B. Khomane, C.C. Chauhan, S.K. Menon, and B.D. Kulkarni, Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Barium-Calcium Hexaferrite Particles Prepared by Sol-Gel and Microemulsion Techniques, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2008, 320, p 1095–110110.1016/j.jmmm.2007.10.032 ↗
61. C. Sudakar, G.N. Subbanna, and T.R.N. Kutty, Wet Chemical Synthesis of Multicomponent Hexaferrites by Gel-To-Crystallite Conversion and Their Magnetic Properties, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2003, 263, p 253–26810.1016/S0304-8853(02)01572-X ↗