journal article·2020-09Open access

Long-Term Creep Behavior of a CoCrFeNiMn High-Entropy Alloy

K. A. Rozman, M. Detrois, T. Liu, M. C. Gao, P. D. Jablonski, J. A. Hawk

Abstract

The potential of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to meet or exceed austenitic stainless steel performance with the additional benefit of improved hot corrosion/oxidation resistance makes FCC HEAs attractive for use in energy applications. While shorter-term creep tests have been reported in the literature on HEAs, not all methodologies utilize repeatable techniques. This manuscript reports on over 23,500 accumulated hours of tensile creep testing with adherence to ASTM standards on a melt-solidified ingot of CoCrFeNiMn HEA converted to wrought plate using conventional thermo-mechanical processing techniques. The typical standard creep analyses are reported, i.e., Larson–Miller parameter, Monkman–Grant relationship, activation energy for creep, and creep stress exponents were calculated and compared to previously reported short-term creep tests. Additionally, characteristics of creep fracture and microstructural evolution are reported with cursory dislocation mechanisms investigated.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: High Entropy Alloys Studies · High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · High Temperature Alloys and Creep

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (72)

Show source-provided references
1. J.W. Qiao, M.L. Bao, Y.J. Zhao, H.J. Yang, Y.C. Wu, Y. Zhang et al., Rare-Earth High Entropy Alloys with Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure, J. Appl. Phys., 2018, 124, p 19510110.1063/1.5051514 ↗
2. M.C. Gao, P.D. Jablonski, J.A. Hawk, D.E, Alman. High-Entropy Alloys: Formation and Properties, in ASME 2018 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries (2018).10.1115/ETAM2018-6732 ↗
3. H. Jiang, K. Han, X. Gao, Y. Lu, Z. Cao, M.C. Gao et al., A New Strategy to Design Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys Using Simple Mixture Method, Mater. Des., 2018, 142, p 101–10510.1016/j.matdes.2018.01.025 ↗
4. R. Feng, M.C. Gao, C. Zhang, W. Guo, J.D. Poplawsky, F. Zhang et al., Phase Stability and Transformation in a Light-Weight High-Entropy Alloy, Acta Mater., 2018, 146, p 280–29310.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.061 ↗
5. T. Zuo, M.C. Gao, L. Ouyang, X. Yang, Y. Cheng, R. Feng et al., Tailoring Magnetic Behavior of CoFeMnNiX (X = Al, Cr, Ga, Sn) High Entropy Alloys by Metal Doping, Acta Mater., 2017, 130, p 10–1810.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.013 ↗
6. M.C. Gao, C. Zhang, P. Gao, F. Zhang, L.Z. Ouyang, M. Widom et al., Thermodynamics of Concentrated Solid Solution Alloys, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2017, 21, p 238–25110.1016/j.cossms.2017.08.001 ↗
7. M.C. Gao, P. Gao, J.A. Hawk, L.Z. Ouyang, D.E. Alman, and M. Widom, Computational Modeling of High-Entropy Alloys: Structures: Thermodynamics and Elasticity, J. Mater. Res., 2017, 32, p 3627–364110.1557/jmr.2017.366 ↗
8. H.W. Yao, J.W. Qiao, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, S.G. Ma, H.F. Zhou et al., NbTaV-(Ti, W) Refractory High-Entropy Alloys: Experiments and Modeling, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 674, p 203–21110.1016/j.msea.2016.07.102 ↗
9. H. Yao, J.-W. Qiao, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, S.-G. Ma, and H. Zhou, Correction to Yao, H.; Qiao, J.-W.; Gao, M.C.; Hawk, J.A.; Ma, S.-G.; Zhou, H. MoNbTaV Medium-Entropy Alloy, Entropy, 2016, 18, p 18910.3390/e18050189 ↗
10. H. Yao, J.-W. Qiao, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, S.-G. Ma, and H. Zhou, MoNbTaV Medium-Entropy Alloy, Entropy, 2016, 18, p 18910.3390/e18050189 ↗
11. M.C. Gao, B. Zhang, S.M. Guo, J.W. Qiao, and J.A. Hawk, High-Entropy Alloys in Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2016, 47, p 3322–333210.1007/s11661-015-3091-1 ↗
12. S. Antonov, M. Detrois, and S. Tin, Design of Novel Precipitate-Strengthened Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Nb-Ni High-Entropy Superalloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2018, 49, p 305–32010.1007/s11661-017-4399-9 ↗
13. M. Detrois, S. Antonov, and S. Tin, Phase Stability and Thermodynamic Database Validation in a Set of Non-equiatomic Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Nb-Ni High-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2019, 104, p 103–11210.1016/j.intermet.2018.11.002 ↗
14. M.C. Gao, C.S. Carney, Ö.N. Doğan, P.D. Jablonksi, J.A. Hawk, and D.E. Alman, Design of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys, JOM, 2015, 67, p 2653–266910.1007/s11837-015-1617-z ↗
15. R. Feng, M.C. Gao, C. Lee, M. Mathes, T. Zuo, S. Chen, J.A. Hawk, Y. Zhang, and P.K. Liaw, Design of Light-Weight High-Entropy Alloys, Entropy, 2016, 18(9), p 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/e1809033310.3390/e18090333 ↗
16. P.D. Jablonski, J.J. Licavoli, M.C. Gao, and J.A. Hawk, Manufacturing of High Entropy Alloys, JOM, 2015, 67, p 2278–228710.1007/s11837-015-1540-3 ↗
17. J.J. Licavoli, M.C. Gao, J.S. Sears, P.D. Jablonski, and J.A. Hawk, Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2015, 24, p 3685–369810.1007/s11665-015-1679-7 ↗
18. M. Detrois, S. Antonov, S. Tin, P.D. Jablonski, and J.A. Hawk, Hot Deformation Behavior and Flow Stress Modeling of a Ni-Based Superalloy, Mater. Charact., 2019, 157, p 10991510.1016/j.matchar.2019.109915 ↗
19. D. Li, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, and Y. Zhang, Annealing Effect for the Al0.3CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Fibers, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 778, p 23–2910.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.116 ↗
20. M. Chen, X.H. Shi, H. Yang, P.K. Liaw, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk et al., Wear Behavior of Al0.6CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys: Effect of Environments, J. Mater. Res., 2018, 33, p 3310–332010.1557/jmr.2018.279 ↗
21. H.W. Yao, J.W. Qiao, J.A. Hawk, H.F. Zhou, M.W. Chen, and M.C. Gao, Mechanical Properties of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys: Experiments and Modeling, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 696, p 1139–115010.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.188 ↗
22. M. Detrois, P.D. Jablonski, S. Antonov, S. Li, Y. Ren, S. Tin et al., Design and Thermomechanical Properties of a γ′ Percipitate-Strengthened Ni-Based Superalloy with High Entropy γ Matrix, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 792, p 550–56010.1016/j.jallcom.2019.04.054 ↗
23. G.R. Holcomb, J. Tylczak, and C. Carney, Oxidation of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloys, JOM, 2015, 67, p 2326–233910.1007/s11837-015-1517-2 ↗
24. Ö.N. Doğan, B.C. Nielsen, and J.A. Hawk, Elevated-Temperature Corrosion of CoCrCuFeNiAl0.5Bx High-Entropy Alloys in Simulated Syngas Containing H2S, Oxid. Met., 2013, 80, p 177–19010.1007/s11085-013-9407-x ↗
25. A.A. Rodriguez, J.H. Tylczak, M.C. Gao, P.D. Jablonski, M. Detrois, M. Ziomek-Moroz, et al. Effect of Molybdenum on the Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys CoCrFeNi2 and CoCrFeNi2Mo0.25 under Sodium Chloride Aqueous Conditions. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng.. 2018;2018:11.10.1155/2018/3016304 ↗
26. A. Rodriguez, J.H. Tylczak, and M. Ziomek-Moroz, Corrosion Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) Under Aqueous Acidic Conditions, ECS Trans., 2017, 77, p 741–75210.1149/07711.0741ecst ↗
27. A. Di Gianfrancesco, S.T. Vipraio, and D. Venditti, Long Term Microstructural Evolution of 9-12%Cr Steel Grades for Steam Power Generation Plants, Procedia Eng., 2013, 55, p 27–3510.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.214 ↗
28. W. Xia, X. Zhao, L. Yue, and Z. Zhang, Microstructural Evolution and Creep Mechanisms in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys: A Review, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 819, p 15295410.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152954 ↗
29. E.J. Pickering, R. Muñoz-Moreno, H.J. Stone, and N.G. Jones, Precipitation in the Equiatomic High-Entropy Alloy CrMnFeCoNi, Scr. Mater., 2016, 113, p 106–10910.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.10.025 ↗
30. G. Laplanche, P. Gadaud, O. Horst, F. Otto, G. Eggeler, and E.P. George, Temperature Dependencies of the Elastic Moduli and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of an Equiatomic, Single-Phase CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 623, p 348–35310.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.061 ↗
31. T. Cao, J. Shang, J. Zhao, C. Cheng, R. Wang, and H. Wang, The Influence of Al Elements on the Structure and the Creep Behavior of AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys, Mater. Lett., 2016, 164, p 344–34710.1016/j.matlet.2015.11.016 ↗
32. F. Otto, A. Dlouhý, K.G. Pradeep, M. Kuběnová, D. Raabe, G. Eggeler et al., Decomposition of the Single-Phase High-Entropy Alloy CrMnFeCoNi After Prolonged Anneals at Intermediate Temperatures, Acta Mater., 2016, 112, p 40–5210.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.005 ↗
33. S.I. Hong, J. Moon, S.K. Hong, and H.S. Kim, Thermally Activated Deformation and the Rate Controlling Mechanism in CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 682, p 569–57610.1016/j.msea.2016.11.078 ↗
34. Y.B. Kang, S.H. Shim, K.H. Lee, and S.I. Hong, Dislocation Creep Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy at Intermediate Temperatures, Mater. Res. Lett., 2018, 6, p 689–69510.1080/21663831.2018.1543731 ↗
35. C. Cao, J. Fu, T. Tong, Y. Hao, P. Gu, H. Hao et al., Intermediate-Temperature Creep Deformation and Microstructural Evolution of an Equiatomic FCC-Structured CoCrFeNiMn High-Entropy Alloy, Entropy, 2018, 20, p 96010.3390/e20120960 ↗
36. D.-H. Lee, M.-Y. Seok, Y. Zhao, I.-C. Choi, J. He, Z. Lu et al., Spherical Nanoindentation Creep Behavior of Nanocrystalline and Coarse-Grained CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys, Acta Mater., 2016, 109, p 314–32210.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.049 ↗
37. B. Wang, H. He, M. Naeem, S. Lan, S. Harjo, T. Kawasaki et al., Deformation of CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloy at Large Strain, Scr. Mater., 2018, 155, p 54–5710.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.06.013 ↗
38. T. Zhang, L. Xin, F. Wu, R. Zhao, J. Xiang, M. Chen et al., Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FexCoCrNiMn High-Entropy Alloys, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35, p 2331–233510.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.050 ↗
39. S. Chen, W. Li, X. Xie, J. Brechtl, B. Chen, P. Li et al., Nanoscale Serration and Creep Characteristics of Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 752, p 464–47510.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.137 ↗
40. J. Dean, J. Campbell, G. Aldrich-Smith, and T.W. Clyne, A Critical Assessment of the “Stable Indenter Velocity” Method for Obtaining the Creep Stress Exponent from Indentation Data, Acta Mater., 2014, 80, p 56–6610.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.054 ↗
41. J. Campbell, J. Dean, and T.W. Clyne, Limit Case Analysis of the “Stable Indenter Velocity” Method for Obtaining Creep Stress Exponents from Constant Load Indentation Creep Tests, Mech. Time-Depend. Mater., 2017, 21, p 31–4310.1007/s11043-016-9316-x ↗
42. P.D. Jablonski and J.A. Hawk, Homogenizing Advanced Alloys: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Simulations Followed by Experimental Results, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26, p 4–1310.1007/s11665-016-2451-3 ↗
43. P.J.J. Hawk, Considerations for Homogenizing Alloys, in 8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives, pp. 823–840 (2014).10.1002/9781119016854.ch65 ↗
44. P.D. Jablonski, J.A. Hawk, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Simulation and Experimental Results Homogenizing Advanced Alloys, in Conference Proceedings of 23rd IFHTSE Congress Advanced Thermal Processing IV. Savannah, GA2016, p. 10.
45. M. Detrois, P.D. Jablonski, Trace Element Control in Binary Ni-25Cr and Ternary Ni-30C0-30Cr Master Alloy Castings, in ed. by M.J.M. Krane RMW, S. Rudoler, A.J. Elliott, A. Pate. Proceeding of the Liquid Metal Processing & Casting Conference (2017), pp. 75–84.10.2172/1406915 ↗
46. International A. Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. West Conshohocken, PA (2013).
47. International A. Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques. West Conshohocken, PA (2018).
48. ASTM E139-11, Standard Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials. (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018)
49. F.R. Larson and J. Miller, A Time-Temperature Relationship for Rupture and Creep Stresses, Trans. ASME, 1952, 74, p 765–771
50. F. Otto, A. Dlouhý, C. Somsen, H. Bei, G. Eggeler, and E.P. George, The Influences of Temperature and Microstructure on the Tensile Properties of a CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, p 5743–575510.1016/j.actamat.2013.06.018 ↗
51. M.-Y. Kim, S.-M. Hong, K.-H. Lee, W.-S. Jung, Y.-S. Lee, Y.-K. Lee et al., Mechanism for Z-Phase Formation in 11CrMoVNbN Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel, Mater. Charact., 2017, 129, p 40–4510.1016/j.matchar.2017.04.020 ↗
52. A. Fedoseeva, I. Nikitin, N. Dudova, and R. Kaibyshev, Strain-Induced Z-Phase Formation in a 9% Cr-3% Co Martensitic Steel During Creep at Elevated Temperature, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 724, p 29–3610.1016/j.msea.2018.03.081 ↗
53. High Temperature Characteristics of Stainless Steels: Designers’ Handbook Series No. 9004, American Iron and Steel Institute, 2011.: American Iron and Steel Institute; 2011.
54. F.T. Furillo, S. Purushothaman, and J.K. Tien, Understanding the Larson-Miller Parameter, Scr. Metall., 1977, 11, p 493–49610.1016/0036-9748(77)90164-8 ↗
55. K.A. Rozman, M.A. Carl, M. Kapoor, Ö.N. Doğan, J.A. Hawk, Creep Performance of Transient Liquid Phase Bonded Haynes 230 Alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2019:138477.10.1016/j.msea.2019.138477 ↗
56. G. Pilloni, E. Quadrini, and S. Spigarelli, Interpretation of the Role of Forest Dislocations and Precipitates in High-Temperature Creep in a Nb-Stabilised Austenitic Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2000, 279, p 52–6010.1016/S0921-5093(99)00688-7 ↗
57. D.-B. Park, S.-M. Hong, K.-H. Lee, M.-Y. Huh, J.-Y. Suh, S.-C. Lee et al., High-Temperature Creep Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of an 18Cr9Ni3CuNbVN Austenitic Stainless Steel, Mater. Charact., 2014, 93, p 52–6110.1016/j.matchar.2014.03.012 ↗
58. K.A. Rozman, M. Detrois, P. Jablonski, M. Gao, and J. Hawk, High Temperature Creep Behavior of Face Centered Cubic High Entropy Alloys. TMS2019, High Entropy Alloys VII: synthesis and mechanical properties (San Antonio, TX, USA, 2019)
59. K.A. Rozman, M. Detrois, P. Jablonski, M. Gao, and J. Hawk, Creep Performance of Single Phase FCC High Entropy Alloys, in TMS 2019 Annual (San Antonio, TX, 2019).
60. K.Y. Tsai, M.H. Tsai, and J.W. Yeh, Sluggish Diffusion in Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Ni High-Entropy Alloys, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, p 4887–489710.1016/j.actamat.2013.04.058 ↗
61. M. Vaidya, K.G. Pradeep, B.S. Murty, G. Wilde, and S.V. Divinski, Bulk Tracer Diffusion in CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloys, Acta Mater., 2018, 146, p 211–22410.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.052 ↗
62. F.R.N. Nabarro, Deformation of Crystals by the Motion of Single Lonsin Report of a Conference on the Strength of Solids. Physical Society. Bristol, U.K., (1948), pp. 75–90.
63. R.L. Coble, A Model for Boundary Diffusion Controlled Creep in Polycrystalline Materials, J. Appl. Phys., 1963, 34, p 1679–168210.1063/1.1702656 ↗
64. C. Herring, Diffusional Viscosity of a Polycrystalline Solid, J. Appl. Phys., 1950, 21, p 437–44510.1063/1.1699681 ↗
65. M.A. Meyers and K.K. Chawla, Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009)
66. J.Y. He, C. Zhu, D.Q. Zhou, W.H. Liu, T.G. Nieh, and Z.P. Lu, Steady State Flow of the FeCoNiCrMn High Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperatures, Intermetallics, 2014, 55, p 9–1410.1016/j.intermet.2014.06.015 ↗
67. E.C. Monkman and N.J. Grant, An Empirical Relationship between Rupture Life and Minimum Creep Rate in Creep-Rupture Tests, Proc. ASTM., 1956, 56, p 593
68. M. Ashby and B. Dyson, Creep Damage Mechanics and Micromechanisms, Fracture, 1984, 84, p 3–3010.1016/B978-1-4832-8440-8.50017-X ↗
69. A. Cocks and M. Ashby, Intergranular Fracture During Power-Law Creep Under Multiaxial Stresses, Metal Sci., 1980, 14, p 395–40210.1179/030634580790441187 ↗
70. B. Gludovatz, A. Hohenwarter, D. Catoor, E.H. Chang, E.P. George, and R.O. Ritchie, A Fracture-Resistant High-Entropy Alloy for Cryogenic Applications, Science, 2014, 345, p 1153–115810.1126/science.1254581 ↗
71. ASM metals handbook. Metals Park, OH: American Society for Metals; 1985.
72. K.A. Rozman, M. Detrois, P.D. Jablonski, J.A. Hawk. Mechanical Performance of Various INCONEL® 740/740H Alloy Compositions for Use in A-USC Castings, in Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 & Derivatives: Energy, Aerospace, and Industrial Applications (Springer, 2018). p. 611–627.10.1007/978-3-319-89480-5_40 ↗