Effect of the Distance from Build Platform and Post-Heat Treatment of AlSi10Mg Alloy Manufactured by Single- and Multi-Laser Selective Laser Melting
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract In the present study, AlSi10Mg samples produced by selective laser melting (SLM) were studied. Samples were machined from two types of bars obtained through different methods: either single laser (SL) or multiple laser (ML) machine setup. The bars were built perpendicular to the platform, which was pre-heated at 150 °C (working temperature), up to a height of 300 mm. The effect of the distance from the platform on the mechanical properties was investigated through tensile samples in as-built condition and after unconventional heat treatments (U-HT). Tensile strength changed by 80 MPa along the Z-axis (build direction) for SL case and by 100 MPa for ML case in the as-built samples. Vickers microhardness revealed an analogous gradient. This was correlated to a gradient in intra-granular precipitates' distribution along the Z-axis, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An unconventional heat treatment at 175 °C for 6h slightly improves the mechanical strength; higher temperature treatments at 200 and 225 °C for the same duration cause a progressive decrease in strength with an increase in elongation. The amount and size of the precipitates and the thickness of eutectic Si change with the heat treatment temperature, justifying the mechanical behavior.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · High Entropy Alloys Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. G. Kasperovich and J. Hausmann, Improvement of Fatigue Resistance and Ductility of Ti6Al4V Processed by Selective Laser Melting, J. Mater. Process Technol., 2015, 220, p 202–214.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.01.025 ↗
2. Y. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Jiang, G. Wang, Y. Yang and L. Zhang, Gradient in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted AlSi10Mg, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 735, p 1414–1421.10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.020 ↗
3. N. Aboulkhair, I. Maskery, C. Tuck, I. Ashcroft and N. Everitt, The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted AlSi10Mg: The Effect of Conventional T6-Like Heat Treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 667, p 139–143.10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.092 ↗
4. M. Tang and P. Pistorius, Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting, JOM, 2017, 69, p 516–552.10.1007/s11837-016-2230-5 ↗
5. D. Buchbinder, H. Schleifenbaum, S. Heidrick, W. Meines and J. Bueltmann, High Power Selective Laser Melting (HP SLM) of Aluminium Part, Phys. Procedia, 2011, 12, p 271–278.10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.035 ↗
6. Z. Li, Z. Kuai, P. Bai, Y. Nie, G. Fu, W. Liu and S. Yang, Microstructure and Tensile Properties of AlSI10Mg Alloy Manufactured by Multi-Laser Beam Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Metals, 2019, 9, p 1337–1351.10.3390/met9121337 ↗
7. A. Maamoun, M. Elbestawi, G. Dosbaeva and S. Veldhuis, Thermal Post Processing of AlSi10Mg Parts Produces by Selective Laser Melting Using Recycled Powder, Addit. Manuf., 2018, 21, p 234–247.
8. K. Prashanth and J. Eckert, Formation of Metastable Cellular Microstructures in Selective Laser Melted Alloys, Alloys Compd., 2016, 707, p 26–34.
9. L. Lam, D. Zhang, Z. Liu and C. Chua, Phase Analysis Microstructure Characterization of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting, Virtual Phys. Prototyp., 2015, 10, p 207–215.10.1080/17452759.2015.1110868 ↗
10. E. Brandl, U. Heckenberger, V. Holzinger and D. Buchbinder, Additive Manufactured AlSi10Mg Samples Using Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure, High Cycle Fatigue, and Fracture Behavior, Mater. Des., 2012, 34, p 159–169.10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.067 ↗
11. K. Guan, Z. Wang, M. Gao, X. Li and X. Zeng, Effects of Processing Parameters on Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted 304 Stainless Steel, Mater. Des., 2013, 50, p 581–586.10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.056 ↗
12. A. Popovich, V. Sufiiarov, I. Polozov, E. Borisov, D. Masaylo and A. Orlov, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Copper Alloys, Mater. Lett., 2016, 179, p 38–41.10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.064 ↗
13. K. Prashanth, S. Scudino, H. Klauss, K. Sureddi, L. Loeber, Z. Wang, A. Chaubey, U. Kuehn and J. Eckert, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-12Si Produced by Selective Laser Melting: Effect of Heat Treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 590, p 153–160.10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.023 ↗
14. J. Fiocchi, A. Tuissi, P. Bassani and C. Biffi, Low Temperature Annealing Dedicated to AlSi10Mg Selective Laser Melting Products, J. Alloys. Compd., 2017, 695, p 3402–3409.10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.019 ↗
15. R. Casati, M. Nasab, M. Coduri, V. Tlrelli and M. Vedani, Effect of Platform Pre-Heating and Thermal Treatments Strategy on Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting, Matels, 2018, 8, p 954–966.
16. W. Li, S. Li, J. Liu, A. Zhang, Y. Zhou, Q. Wei, C. Yan and Y. Shi, Effect of Heat Treatments on AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 633, p 116–125.10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.088 ↗
17. N. Takata, H. Kodaira, K. Sekizawa, A. Suzuki and M. Kobashi, Change in Microstructure of Selectively Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy with Heat Treatments, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 704, p 218–228.10.1016/j.msea.2017.08.029 ↗
18. A. Hadadzadeh, B. Amirkhiz and M. Mohammadi, Contribution of Mg2Si Precipitates to the Strength of Direct Metal Laser Sintered AlSi10Mg, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2019, 739, p 295–300.10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.055 ↗
19. V. Fallah, A. Korinek, N. Ofori-Opoku, B. Raeisinia, M. Gallerneault, N. Provatas and S. Esmaeili, Atomic-Scale Pathway of Early-Stage Precipitation in Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Acta Mater., 2015, 82, p 457–467.10.1016/j.actamat.2014.09.004 ↗
20. M.M. Sistiaga, R. Martens, B. Vrancken, X. Wang, B.V. Hooreweder, J. Kruth and J.V. Humbeeck, Changing the Alloy Composition of Al7075 for Better Processability by Selective Laster Melting, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, 238, p 437–445.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.08.003 ↗
21. L. Zhou, A. Metha, E. Schulz, B. McWilliams, K. Cho and Y. Sohn, Microstructure, Precipitates and Hardness of Selectively Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy Before and After Heat Treatment, Mater. Charact., 2018, 143, p 5–17.10.1016/j.matchar.2018.04.022 ↗
22. N. Aboulkhair, N. Everitt, I. Ashcroft and C. Tuck, Reducing Porosity in AlSi10Mg Parts Processed by Selective Laser Melting, Sci. Direct, 2014, 1–4, p 77–86.
23. W. Pei, W. Zhenying, C. Zhen, L. Junfeg, Z. Shuzhe and D. Jun, Numerical Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Selective Laser Melting Process of AlSi10Mg Powder, Appl. Phys., 2017, 213, p 540.10.1007/s00339-017-1143-7 ↗
24. C. Zhang, H. Zhu, Z. Hu, L. Zhang and X. Zeng, A Comparative Study on Single-Laser and Multi-Laser Selective Laser Melting AlSi10Mg: Defects, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2019, 746, p 416–423.10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.024 ↗
25. M.S. Pham, B. Dovgyy, P.A. Hooper, C.M. Gourlay and A. Piglione, The Role of Side-branching in Microstructure Development in the Laser Powder-Bed Fusion, Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, p 749.10.1038/s41467-020-14453-3 ↗
26. D. Kong, C. Dong, S. Wei, X. Ni, L. Zhang, R. Li, L. Wang, C. Man and X. Li, About Metastable Cellular Structure in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steels, Add. Man., 2021, 38, p 101804.
27. F. Yan, W. Xiong and E.J. Faierson, Grain Structure Control of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials, Materials, 2017, 10(11), p 1260–1271.10.3390/ma10111260 ↗
28. Y. Wang, C. Yu, L. Xing, K. Li, J. Chen, W. Liu, J. Ma and Z. Shen, Grain Structure and Texture of SLM Single Laser, J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 2020, 281, p 116591.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116591 ↗
29. B. Liu, Z. Kuai, Z. Li, J. Tong, P. Bai, B. Li and Y. Nie, Performance Consistency of AlSi10Mg Alloy Manufactured by Simulating Multi Laser Beam Selective Laser Melting (SLM): Microstructures and Mechanical Properties, Materials, 2018, 11, p 2354–2372.10.3390/ma11122354 ↗
30. T. Fiegel, M. Franke and C. Koerner, Impact of Build Envelope on the Properties of Additive Manufactured Parts from AlSi10Mg, Opt. Laser Technol., 2019, 11, p 51–57.10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.08.050 ↗
31. D. Buchbinder, W. Meiners, N. Pirch, K. Wissenbach and J. Schrage, Investigation on reducing Distortion by Preheating During Manufacture of Aluminum Components Using Selective Laser Melting, J. Laser Appl., 2014, 26, p 012004.10.2351/1.4828755 ↗
32. D. Kim, J. Hwang, E. Kim, Y. Heo, W. Woo and S. Choi, Evaluation of the Stress-Strain Relationship of Constituent Phases in AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting Using Crystal Plasticity FEM, J. Alloy. Compd., 2017, 714, p 687–697.10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.264 ↗
33. Y. Ji, C. Dong, D. Kong and X. Li, Design Materials Based on Simulation Results of Silicon Induced Segregation at AlSi10Mg Interface Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 46, p 145–155.10.1016/j.jmst.2020.01.037 ↗
34. T. Kimura and T. Nakamoto, Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of A356 (AlSi7Mg0.3) Aluminium Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Des, 2016, 86, p 1294–1301.10.1016/j.matdes.2015.10.065 ↗
35. D. Dai, D. Gu, R. Poprawe and M. Xia, Influence of Additive Multilayer Feature on Thermodynamics, Stress and Microstructure Development During Laser 3D Printing of Aluminium-Based Material, Sci. Bull., 2017, 62, p 779–787.10.1016/j.scib.2017.05.007 ↗
36. K. Yang, P. Rometsch, C. Davies, A. Huang and X. Wu, Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Anisotropy in Mechanical Properties of A357 Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Des., 2018, 154, p 257–290.10.1016/j.matdes.2018.05.026 ↗
37. E.A. Jägle, Z. Sheng, L. Wu, L. Lu, J. Kisse, A. Weisheit and D. Raabe, Prediction Reactions in Age-Hardenable Alloys During Laser Additive Manufacturing, JOM, 2016, 68, p 943–949.10.1007/s11837-015-1764-2 ↗
38. A.H. Maamoun, M. Elbestawl, G.K. Dosbaeva and S.C. Veldhuis, Thermal Post-Processing of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting Using Recycle Powder, Addit. Manuf., 2018, 21, p 234–247.
39. J. Guan, Y. Jiang, X. Zhang and X. Chong, Microstructural Evolution and EBSD Analysis of AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Charact., 2020, 161, p 110079.10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110079 ↗
40. A. Mertens, O. Dedri, D. Reuter, O. Rigo and J. Lecomte-Beckers, Thermal Treatments of AlSi10Mg Processed by Laser Beam Melting, in Proceedings of the 26th International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium vol. 1 (2015).
41. C. Zhang, H. Zhu, Y. Qi and X. Zeng, The Effect of Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting AlSi10Mg, in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 538 (2019).10.1088/1757-899X/538/1/012023 ↗