journal article·2017-10

Improved Friction and Wear of M50 Steel Composites Incorporated with ZnO as a Solid Lubricant with Different Concentrations Under Different Loads

F. A. Essa, Qiaoxin Zhang, Xingjiu Huang, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali, Mohamed A. A. Abdelkareem, Ahmed Elagouz

Publisher page

Abstract

This experimental study explores improving the tribological behavior of M50 steel using ZnO as a solid lubricant with different concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.%. Tribological tests were conducted using pin-on-disk tribometer under different loads of 3, 6, 9, and 12 N and constant sliding speed of 0.2 m s−1 in air. XRD, EPMA, FESEM, EDS mapping, and XPS tests were performed to understand the major mechanisms leading to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of M50 composites. Results showed that the best tribological and mechanical properties were obtained at 20.0 wt.% of ZnO. Friction coefficient and wear rate were reduced by 52.909 and 70%, respectively, due to the formation of tribo-films on the worn surfaces. Furthermore, the hardness of M50 composites increased by 27.86%. Our study provides results with suggestions to overcome the challenges facing the technology when using M50 matrix composites in mechanical applications.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Tribology and Wear Analysis · Lubricants and Their Additives · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (29)

Show source-provided references
1. E. Bamberger, Status of Understanding for Bearing Materials, General Electric Co., Cincinnati, 1984
2. M.K.A. Ali and H. Xianjun, Improving the Tribological Behavior of Internal Combustion Engines Via the Addition of Nanoparticles to Engine Oils, Nanotechnol. Rev., 2015, 4(4), p 347–358
3. J.E. Bridge, G.N. Maniar, and T.V. Philip, Carbides in M-50 High Speed Steel, Metall. and Mater. Trans. B, 1971, 2(8), p 2209–221410.1007/BF02917552 ↗
4. K. Gonsalves et al., Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured M50 Type Steel, Nanostruct. Mater., 1994, 4(2), p 139–14710.1016/0965-9773(94)90073-6 ↗
5. F. Essa et al., Enhancing the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of M50 Steel Using Solid Lubricants—A Detailed Review, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J: J. Eng. Tribol., 2017. doi: 10.1177/135065011772322410.1177/1350650117723224 ↗
6. J.-F. Yang et al., Influence of Service Temperature on Tribological Characteristics of Self-Lubricant Coatings: A Review, Front. Mater. Sci., 2013, 7(1), p 28–3910.1007/s11706-013-0190-z ↗
7. L. Rosado, V.K. Jain, and H.K. Trivedi, The Effect of Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on the Rolling Fatigue and Wear of M50 Steel, Wear, 1997, 212(1), p 1–610.1016/S0043-1648(97)00147-6 ↗
8. A. Erdemir et al., Characterization of Transfer Layers on Steel Surfaces Sliding Against Diamond-Like Hydrocarbon Films in Dry Nitrogen, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1995, 76, p 559–56310.1016/0257-8972(95)02518-9 ↗
9. Y.X. Tong, L.Q. Wang, and L. Gu, Friction and Wear Behaviors of Si3N4 Sliding Against M50 Bearing Steel in Vacuum, Adv. Mater. Res., 2010, 97-101, p. 1681–168410.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.97-101.1681 ↗
10. S. Peissl, H. Leitner, R. Ebner, P. Wilhelm, B. Chernev, and R. Rabitsch, Wear and Friction Behavior of the Aerospace Bearing Steel M50 and a Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel Under Lubricated Sliding Conditions, in Proceedings of WTC2005 (World Tribology Congress III) (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Washington, DC, 2005)10.1115/WTC2005-63444 ↗
11. L. Wang et al., Wear Performance of Oil Lubricated Silicon Nitride Sliding Against Various Bearing Steels, Wear, 2003, 255(1), p 657–66810.1016/S0043-1648(03)00045-0 ↗
12. X. Xu et al., Design of Low Hardness Abrasion Resistant Steels, Wear, 2013, 301(1), p 89–9310.1016/j.wear.2013.01.002 ↗
13. Y. Wang, T. Lei, and J. Liu, Tribo-Metallographic Behavior of High Carbon Steels in Dry Sliding: II, Microstructure and Wear, Wear, 1999, 231(1), p 12–1910.1016/S0043-1648(99)00116-7 ↗
14. Y. Wang, T. Lei, and J. Liu, Tribo-Metallographic Behavior of High Carbon Steels in Dry Sliding: I, Wear Mechanisms and Their Transition, Wear, 1999, 231(1), p 1–1110.1016/S0043-1648(99)00115-5 ↗
15. Y. Wang, T. Lei, and J. Liu, Tribo-Metallographic Behavior of High Carbon Steels in Dry Sliding: III, Dynamic Microstructural Changes and Wear, Wear, 1999, 231(1), p 20–3710.1016/S0043-1648(99)00117-9 ↗
16. A. Voevodin, J. O’neill, and J. Zabinski, Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings for Aerospace Applications, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1999, 116, p 36–4510.1016/S0257-8972(99)00228-5 ↗
17. M.K.A. Ali et al., Improving the Tribological Characteristics of Piston Ring Assembly in Automotive Engines Using Al2O3 and TiO2 Nanomaterials as Nano-Lubricant Additives, Tribol. Int., 2016, 103, p 540–55410.1016/j.triboint.2016.08.011 ↗
18. T. Zhang et al., Tribological Properties and Lubrication Mechanisms of a AgMo Composite, Lubr. Sci., 2016, 28, p 141–15610.1002/ls.1306 ↗
19. J.C. Clark, Fracture Failure Modes in Lightweight Bearings, J. Aircr., 1975, 12(4), p 383–38710.2514/3.44460 ↗
20. S. Zhu et al., Tribological Behavior of NiAl Matrix Composites with Addition of Oxides at High Temperatures, Wear, 2012, 274, p 423–43410.1016/j.wear.2011.11.006 ↗
21. F.A. Essa, Q. Zhang, and X. Huang, Investigation of the Effects of Mixtures of WS2 and ZnO Solid Lubricants on the Sliding Friction and Wear of M50 Steel Against Silicon Nitride at Elevated Temperatures, Wear, 2017, 374–375(15), p 128–14110.1016/j.wear.2017.01.098 ↗
22. F.A. Essa et al., Effects of ZnO and MoS2 Solid Lubricants on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of M50-Steel-Based Composites at High Temperatures: Experimental and Simulation Study, Tribol. Lett., 2017, 65(3), p 9710.1007/s11249-017-0880-2 ↗
23. P. Mukhopadhyay et al., Microstructural Developments During Abrasion of M50 Bearing Steel, Wear, 2014, 315(1), p 31–3710.1016/j.wear.2014.03.010 ↗
24. A. Standard, E92 2003 Standard test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials. (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2003). www.astm.org . doi: 10.1520/E0092-82R0310.1520/E0092-82R03 ↗
25. A.S.F.T.A Materials, Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products using Archimedes’ Principle. (ASTM, 2008). B962-08.
26. G99-05, A., Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin on Disk Apparatus, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2010
27. S. Prasad, N. McDevitt, and J. Zabinski, Tribology of Tungsten Disulfide–Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Adaptive Lubricant Films from Ambient to 500 C, Wear, 2000, 237(2), p 186–19610.1016/S0043-1648(99)00329-4 ↗
28. Z. Xu et al., High-Temperature Tribological Performance of Ti3SiC2/TiAl Self-Lubricating Composite Against Si3N4 in Air, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, 23(6), p 2255–226410.1007/s11665-014-0969-9 ↗
29. H. Zhai et al., Oxidation Layer in Sliding Friction Surface of High-Purity Ti3SiC2, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39(21), p 6635–663710.1023/B:JMSC.0000044910.49066.35 ↗