Potential Improvements in Shock-Mitigation Efficacy of a Polyurea-Augmented Advanced Combat Helmet
Source abstract
Abstract
The design of the currently used Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) has been optimized to attain maximum protection against ballistic impacts (fragments, shrapnel, etc.) and hard-surface collisions. However, the ability of the ACH to protect soldiers against blast loading appears not to be as effective. Polyurea, a micro-segregated elastomeric copolymer has shown superior shock-mitigation capabilities. In the present work, a combined Eulerian/Lagrangian transient non-linear dynamics computational fluid/solid interaction analysis is used to investigate potential shock-mitigation benefits which may result from different polyurea-based design augmentations of the ACH. Specific augmentations include replacement of the currently used suspension-pad material with polyurea and the introduction of a thin polyurea internal lining/external coating to the ACH shell. Effectiveness of different ACH designs was quantified by: (a) establishing the main forms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); (b) identifying the key mechanical causes for these injuries; and (c) quantifying the extents of reductions in the magnitude of these mechanical causes. The results obtained show that while the ACH with a 2-mm-thick polyurea internal lining displays the best blast mitigation performance, it does not provide sufficient protection against mTBI.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Response to Dynamic Loads · Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics · Combustion and Detonation Processes
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (30)
Show source-provided references
1. R. Goel, “Study of an Advanced Helmet Liner Concept to Reduce TBI: Experiments & Simulation Using Sandwich Structures,” MS thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011
2. G.A. Christou, “Development of a Helmet Liner for Protection Against Blast Induced Trauma,” MS thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2010
3. B.E. Wojcik, C.R. Stein, K. Bagg, R.J. Humphrey, and J. Orosco, Traumatic Brain Injury Hospitalization of U.S. Army Soldiers Deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq, Am. J. Prev. Med., 2010, 38, p S108–S11610.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.006 ↗
4. D. Warden, Military TBI, during the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars, J. Head Trauma Rehabil., 2006, 21, p 398–40210.1097/00001199-200609000-00004 ↗
5. S. Okie, Traumatic Brain Injury in the War Zone, N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352, p 2043–204710.1056/NEJMp058102 ↗
6. K.H. Taber, D.L. Warden, and R.A. Hurley, Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is Known?, J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 2006, 18, p 141–14510.1176/appi.neuropsych.18.2.141 ↗
7. S.J. Wallsten and K. Kosec, “Social Science Research Network,” Paper No. 05-19, 2005, http://ssrn.com/abstract=848408
8. L. Holm, J.D. Cassidy, L.J. Carroll, and J. Berg, Neurotrauma Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury of the WHO Collaborating Centre: Summary of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, J. Rehabil. Med., 2005, 37, p 131–14110.1080/16501970510027321 ↗
9. I. Cernak, Z. Wang, J. Jiang, X. Bian, and J. Savic, Ultrastructural and Functional Characteristics of Blast Injury-induced Neurotrauma, J. Trauma, 2001, 50, p 695–70610.1097/00005373-200104000-00017 ↗
10. M. Grujicic, W.C. Bell, B. Pandurangan, and T. He, Blast Wave Impact-Mitigation Capability of Polyurea When Used as Helmet Suspension Pad Material, J. Mater. Des., 2010, 31(9), p 4050–406510.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.002 ↗
11. S.M. Walsh, R.R. Scott, and D.M. Spagnuolo, The Development of a Hybrid Thermoplastic Ballistic Material with Application to Helmets, ARL-TR-3700, Army Research Laboratory, December 2005
12. I. Cernak, Z. Wang, J. Jiang, X. Bian, and J. Savic, Ultrastructural and Functional Characteristics of Blast Injury-Induced Neurotrauma, J. Trauma, 2001, 50(4), p 695–70610.1097/00005373-200104000-00017 ↗
13. M. Grujicic, G. Arakere, and T. He, Material Modeling and Structural Mechanics Aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury Problem, Multidiscip. Model. Mater. Struct., 2010, doi: 10.1108/1573610101108009710.1108/15736101011080097 ↗
14. M. Grujicic, T. He, B. Pandurangan, J. Runt, J. Tarter, and G. Dillon, Development and Parameterization of a Time-Invariant (Equilibrium) Material Model for Segmented Elastomeric Polyureas, J. Mater. Des. Appl., 2011, 225, doi: 10.1177/095442071140195910.1177/0954420711401959 ↗
15. M. Grujicic, T. He, and B. Pandurangan, Experimental Characterization and Material-Model Development for Microphase-Segregated Polyurea: An Overview, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2010, doi: 10.1007/s11665-011-9875-610.1007/s11665-011-9875-6 ↗
16. M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan, A.E. King, J. Runt, J. Tarter, and G. Dillon, Multi-Length Scale Modeling and Analysis of Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Polyurea, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 46(6), p 1767–177910.1007/s10853-010-4998-y ↗
17. M. Grujicic, W.C. Bell, B. Pandurangan, and P.S. Glomski, Fluid/Structure Interaction Computational Investigation of the Blast Wave Mitigation Efficacy of the Advanced Combat Helmet, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2010, 20(6), p 877–89310.1007/s11665-010-9724-z ↗
18. M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan, W.C. Bell, B.A. Cheeseman, C.-F. Yen, and C.L. Randow, Molecular-Level Simulations of Shock Generation and Propagation in Polyurea, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528(10–11), p 3799–380810.1016/j.msea.2011.01.081 ↗
19. M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan, T. He, B.A. Cheeseman, C.-F. Yen, and C.L. Randow, Computational Investigation of Impact Energy Absorption Capability of Polyurea Coatings via Deformation-Induced Glass Transition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527(29–30), p 7741–775110.1016/j.msea.2010.08.042 ↗
20. ABAQUS, Version 6.10EF-1, User Documentation, Dassault Systems, Providence, RI, 2010
21. Hypermesh, HyperWorks 10.0, Altair Engineering, Inc., Troy, MI, 2010
22. L. Davison, Fundamentals of Shockwave Propagation in Solids, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008
23. ANSYS/Autodyn-2D and 3D, Version 6.1, User Documentation, ANSYS Inc., 2007
24. A.V. Amirkhizi, J. Isaacs, J. McGee, and S. Nemat-Nasser, An Experimentally-based Viscoelastic Constitutive Model for Polyurea, including Pressure and Temperature Effects, Philos. Mag., 2006, 86(36), p 5847–586610.1080/14786430600833198 ↗
25. D.F. Moore, R. Radovitzky, L. Shupenko, A. Klinoff, M.S. Jaffee, and J.M. Rosen, Blast Physics and Central Nervous System Injury, Future Neurol. Ann. Neurol., 2008, 64, p S30
26. A. Cuitiño and M. Ortiz, A Material-independent Method for Extending Stress Update Algorithms from Small-Strain Plasticity to Finite Plasticity with Multiplicative Kinematics, Eng. Comput., 1992, 9, p 437–45110.1108/eb023876 ↗
27. M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan, G. Arakere, W.C. Bell, T. He, and X. Xie, Seat-Cushion and Soft-Tissue Material Modeling and a Finite-Element Investigation of Seating Comfort for Passenger Vehicle Occupants, Mater. Des., 2009, 30, p 4273–428510.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.028 ↗
28. D. Hyde, User’s Guide for Microcomputer Programs, CONWEP and FUNPRO—Applications of TM 5-855-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, 1988
29. P.W. Cooper, Explosives Engineering, Wiley-VCH, New York, 1996
30. The Perspectives Network: Survive with Pride, Brain Map, http://www.tbi.org/html/brain_map.html