Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Invar (Fe-36%Ni)
Source abstract
Abstract
Two high-temperature pin tools, one a polycrystalline cubic BN and the other of W-25%Re, were used to friction stir weld 12.7 mm thick Invar (Fe-36%Ni) plate. Successful welds were produced at a rotational speed of 600 rev min−1 and travel speeds of 76, 102, and 127 mm min−1. The coefficient of thermal expansion, tensile strength, and microhardness of the welds were measured and found to be essentially unchanged from the parent material. The measured elongation was 52% for the parent material and 30 and 37% for welds made with the W-Re and the polycrystalline cubic BN pin tools. Both pin tools produced comparable welds but the W-Re tool exhibited more wear and left small wear remnants in the weld especially at the weld plunge.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. W·H. Otte, D.B. O’Donnell, S.D. Kiser and C·W. Cox 1996 Welding Low Thermal Expansion Alloys for Aircraft Composite Tooling. Weld. J., 75(7), 51-55
2. C. E. Witherell 1964 Welding Nickel-Iron Alloys of the Invar Type, Weld. J., 43(4), 161 s-169 s
3. T. Gottlieb, and C·S. Shira (1965) Fabrication of Iron-Nickel Alloys for Cryogenic Piping Service. Weld. J., 44(3), 116 s-123 s
4. T. Ogawa (1986) Weldability of Invar and Its Large-Diameter Pipe. Weld. J. 65(8), 213 s-226 s
5. W.M. Thomas, E.D. Nicholas, J.C. Needham, M.G. Murch, P. Templesmith, and C.J. Dawes, Friction Stir Butt Welding, International Patent App. No. PCT/GB92/02203 and GB Patent App. No. 9125978.8, December 1991, U.S. Patent No. 5,460,317, October 1995
6. W.M. Thomas, Friction Stir Welding of Ferrous Materials: A Feasibility Study, Proceedings of the 1stInternational Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, June 14-16, 1999 (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA), TWI, 1999, cd-rom
7. W.J. Arbegast, Modeling Friction Stir Joining as a Metal Working Process, Hot Deformation of Aluminum Alloys-III, Z. Jin, A. Beaudoin, T.A. Bieler, and B. Radhakrishnan, Eds., March 2-6, 2003 (San Diego, USA), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2003, p 313–327
8. T.J. Lienert and J.E. Gould, Friction Stir Welding of Mild Steel, Proceedings of the 1stInternational Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, June 14-16, 1999 (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA), TWI, 1999, cd-rom
9. W.J. Arbegast and P.J. Hartley, Friction Stir Weld Technology Development at Lockheed Martin Michoud Space Systems—An Overview, Proceedings of the 5thInternational Conference on Trends in Welding Research, June 1-5 (Pine Mountain, GA, USA), 1998, p 541–546
10. B.M. Tweedy, W.J. Arbegast, and C.D. Allen, Friction Stir Welding of Ferrous Alloys Using Induction Preheating, Friction Stir Welding and Processing-III, K.V. Jata, M.W. Mahoney, R.S. Mishra, and T.J. Lienert, Eds., February 13-17, 2005 (San Francisco, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2005, p 97–104
11. R.L. Goetz and K.V. Jata, Modeling Friction Stir Welding of Titanium and Aluminum Alloys, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, K.V. Jata, M.W. Mahoney, R.S. Mishra, S.L. Semiatin, and D.P. Field, Eds., November 4-8, 2001 (Indianapolis, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2001, p 35–42
12. B.K. Jasthi, S.M. Howard, W.J. Arbegast, G.J. Grant, S. Koduri, and D.R. Herling, Friction Stir Welding of MA 957 Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steel, Friction Stir Welding and Processing-III, K.V. Jata, M.W. Mahoney, R.S. Mishra, and T.J. Lienert, Eds., February 13-17, 2005 (San Francisco, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2005, p 75–79
13. R.A. Prado, L.E. Murr, D.J. Shindo, and J.C. McClure, Friction Stir Welding: A Study of Tool Wear Variation in Aluminum Alloy 6061 + 20% Al2O3, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, K.V. Jata, M.W. Mahoney, R.S. Mishra, S.L. Semiatin, and D.P. Field, Eds., November 4-8, 2001 (Indianapolis, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2001, p 105–116
14. J. Ouyang, E. Yarrapareddy and R. Kovacevic (2006) Microstructural Evolution in the Friction Stir Welded 6061 Aluminum Alloy (T6-temper condition) to Copper. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 172(1), 110-12210.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.09.013 ↗
15. C.D. Sorensen, B. Nelson, and S. Sanderson, Properties and Structure of Friction Stir Welded Alloy 718, Friction Stir Welding and Processing-IV, R.S. Mishra, M.W. Mahoney, T.J. Lienert, and K.V. Jata, Eds., February 25-March 1, 2007 (Orlando, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2007, p 285–293
16. B.K. Jasthi, S.M. Howard, C.D. Allen, and W.J. Arbegast, Effects of Friction Stir Welding on the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Invar 36, Friction Stir Welding and Processing-IV, R.S. Mishra, M.W. Mahoney, T.J. Lienert, and K.V. Jata, Eds., February 25-March 1, 2007 (Orlando, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2007, p 303–309
17. R.S. Mishra, M.W. Mahoney, S.X. McFadden, N.A. Marra and A.K. Mukarjee (2000) High Strain Rate Superplasticity in a Friction Stir Processed 7075 Al Alloy. Scripta. Mater. 42(2), 163-16810.1016/S1359-6462(99)00329-2 ↗
18. Z.Y. Ma, R.S. Mishra and M.W. Mahoney (2002) Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Friction Stir Processed 7075Al Alloy. Acta. Mater. 50(17), 4419-443010.1016/S1359-6454(02)00278-1 ↗
19. Z.Y. Ma and R.S. Mishra (2003) Cavitation in Superplastic 7075Al Alloys Prepared via Friction Stir Processing. Acta. Mater. 51(12), 3551-356910.1016/S1359-6454(03)00173-3 ↗
20. I. Charit and R.S. Mishra (2003) High Strain Rate Superplasticity in a Commercial 2024 Al alloy via Friction Stir Processing. Mat. Sci. Eng-A., 359(1-2), 290-29610.1016/S0921-5093(03)00367-8 ↗
21. W. J. Arbegast (2006) Friction Stir Welding After a Decade of Development. Weld. J. 85(3), 28-35
22. W.J. Arbegast, K.S. Baker, and P.J. Hartley, Fracture Toughness Evaluations of 2195 Al-Cu-Li Autogenous and Hybrid Friction Stir Welds, Proceedings of the 5thInternational Conference on Trends in Welding Research, June 1-5 (Pine Mountain, GA, USA), 1998, p 558–562
23. B.J. Dracup and W.J. Arbegast, Friction Stir Welding as a Rivet Replacement Technology, U.S. Patent App. No. 6,986,452, B2 17 Jan 2006
24. Z.X. Li, W.J. Arbegast, and P.J. Hartley, Microstructure Characterization and Stress Corrosion Evaluation of Friction Stir Welded AL 2195 and Al 2219 Alloys, Proceedings of the 5thInternational Conference on Trends in Welding Research, June 1-5 (Pine Mountain, GA, USA), 1998, p 568–573
25. A.P. Reynolds and W. Tang, Alloy, Tool Geometry, and Process Parameter Effects on Friction Stir Weld Energies and Resultant FSW Joint Properties, Friction Stir Welding and Processing, K.V. Jata, M.W. Mahoney, R.S. Mishra, S.L. Semiatin, and D.P. Field, Eds., November 04-08, 2001 (Indianapolis, USA), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2001, p 15–23
26. R.S. Mishra and Z.Y. Ma 2005 Friction Stir Welding and Processing. Mater. Sci. Eng- R. 50(1-2), 1-7810.1016/j.mser.2005.07.001 ↗
27. Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis, E831-06, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 14.02, ASTM, 2000, p 348–352
28. Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials, E92-82, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 03.01, ASTM, 1996, p 206–214
29. J.Q. Su, T.W. Nelson and C. J. Sterling (2005) Microstructure Evolution During FSW/FSP of High Strength Aluminum Alloys. Mat. Sci. Eng-A. 405(1-2), 277-28610.1016/j.msea.2005.06.009 ↗
30. K·V. Jata and S.L. Semiatin 2000 Continious Dynamic Recrystallization During Friction Stir Welding of High Strength Aluminum Alloys. Scripta. Mater. 43(8), 743-74910.1016/S1359-6462(00)00480-2 ↗
31. Y.S. Sato, M. Urata and H. Kokawa 2002 Parameters controlling microstructure and hardness during friction-stir welding of precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy 6063. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 33(3), 625-63510.1007/s11661-002-0124-3 ↗
32. R.D. Doherty, D.A. Hughes, F.J. Humphreys, J.J. Jonas, D.J. Jensen, M.E. Kassner, W.E. King, T.R. McNelley, H.J. McQueen and A.D. Rollett 1997 Current Issues in Recrystallization: A Review. Mater. Sci. Eng- A. 238(2), 219-27410.1016/S0921-5093(97)00424-3 ↗
33. S. Benavides, Y. Li, L.E. Murr, D. Brown and J.C. McClure (1999) Low-temperature Friction-stir Welding of 2024 Aluminum. Scripta. Mater. 41(8), 809-81510.1016/S1359-6462(99)00226-2 ↗
34. Y. Li, L.E. Murr, D. Brown and J.C. McClure 1999 Flow Visualization and Residual Microstructures Associated with the Friction-stir Welding of 2024 Aluminum to 6061 Aluminum. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 271(1-2), 213-22310.1016/S0921-5093(99)00204-X ↗
35. Y.S. Sato, H. Kokawa, M. Enomoto, S. Jogan (1999) Microstructural Evolution of 6063 Aluminum During Friction-stir welding. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 30(9), 2429-243710.1007/s11661-999-0251-1 ↗
36. Y.S. Sato, H. Kokawa, K. Ikeda, M. Enomoto, T. Hashimoto and S. Jogan (2001) Microtexture in the Friction-stir Weld of an Aluminum Alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 32(4), 941-94810.1007/s11661-001-0351-z ↗