Direct atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) synthesis of nanosized CuO _{ x } –Ag composites for efficient electrochemical CO ₂ reduction to multi-carbon products

Stefanos Agrotis; Ming Lin; Kallum Hiten Mehta; Oliver S. J. Hagger; Riko I Made; Ivan P. Parkin; Daren J. Caruana; Albertus D. Handoko

doi:10.1039/d6ta02615j

journal article·2026Open access

Direct atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) synthesis of nanosized CuO _x –Ag composites for efficient electrochemical CO ₂ reduction to multi-carbon products

Stefanos Agrotis, Ming Lin, Kallum Hiten Mehta, Oliver S. J. Hagger, Riko I Made, Ivan P. Parkin, Daren J. Caruana, Albertus D. Handoko

Journal of Materials Chemistry A· Volume 14· Issue 39

Publisher page Open full text

Source abstract

Abstract

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet enables direct synthesis of nanosized CuO _x –Ag composites from aqueous salt with tuneable morphology. Core–shell type displays higher and more stable ethanol/ethylene ratio compared to Janus type during CO ₂ RR.

The source flagged this abstract for review. Check formulas and completeness against the original publication.

Source: crossref · Quality: needs review · Source record ↗
Source flags: short_text

Research context

Nanomaterials Composites

OpenAlex topics: CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts · Copper-based nanomaterials and applications · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H0AJ, UK

Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore

Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore

Funding

Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

References (67)

Show source-provided references

1. Kesicki · Energy Effic. · 2015 · 8 · 15510.1007/s12053-014-9273-7 ↗

2. Hertzberg · Energy Environ. · 2016 · 27 · 78510.1177/0958305X16674637 ↗

3. Nitopi · Chem. Rev. · 2019 · 119 · 761010.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00705 ↗

4. Handoko · Nat. Catal. · 2018 · 1 · 92210.1038/s41929-018-0182-6 ↗

5. Gotz · Renewable Energy · 2016 · 85 · 137110.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066 ↗

6. B. L.Smith , M.Woodhouse , K. A. W.Horowitz , T. J.Silverman , J.Zuboy and R. M.Margolis , Photovoltaic (PV) Module Technologies: 2020 Benchmark Costs and Technology Evolution Framework Results , National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) , Golden, CO (United States) , vol. 1 , 202110.2172/1829459 ↗

7. R. H.Wiser , M.Bolinger , B.Hoen , D.Millstein , J.Rand , G. L.Barbose , N. R.Darghouth , W.Gorman , S.Jeong , A. D.Mills and B.Paulos , Wind Energy Technology Data Update: 2020 Edition; Energy Markets and Planning Department , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA, USA , 2020

8. Jouny · Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. · 2018 · 57 · 216510.1021/acs.iecr.7b03514 ↗

9. A. D.Handoko , H. H.Khoo , I.Halim and K.Murugappan , Feasibility of CO2 Capture and Utilization: From the LCA Perspective , in Life Cycle Assessment , ed. H. H. Khoo and R. B. H. Tan , World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd , Singapore , 2022 , pp. 39–5310.1142/9789811245800_0003 ↗

10. Hori · Electrochim. Acta · 1994 · 39 · 183310.1016/0013-4686(94)85172-7 ↗

11. Kuhl · Energy Environ. Sci. · 2012 · 5 · 705010.1039/c2ee21234j ↗

12. Salehi-Khojin · J. Phys. Chem. C · 2013 · 117 · 162710.1021/jp310509z ↗

13. Ting · ACS Catal. · 2020 · 10 · 405910.1021/acscatal.9b05319 ↗

14. Qi · Nat. Catal. · 2023 · 6 · 31910.1038/s41929-023-00938-z ↗

15. Gao · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 2019 · 141 · 1870410.1021/jacs.9b07415 ↗

16. Herzog · Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. · 2021 · 60 · 742610.1002/anie.202017070 ↗

17. Clark · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 2017 · 139 · 1584810.1021/jacs.7b08607 ↗

18. Frisch · Nat. Commun. · 2023 · 14 · 783310.1038/s41467-023-43693-2 ↗

19. Balakrishna · Calphad · 1979 · 3 · 10910.1016/0364-5916(79)90011-7 ↗

20. Bhat · Acta Mater. · 2023 · 255 · 11908110.1016/j.actamat.2023.119081 ↗

21. Sansoz · Acta Mater. · 2022 · 225 · 11756010.1016/j.actamat.2021.117560 ↗

22. Kamat · J. Phys. Chem. Lett. · 2020 · 11 · 531810.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01551 ↗

23. Zhang · ChemNanoMat · 2018 · 4 · 47710.1002/cnma.201800057 ↗

24. Chen · Nat. Nanotechnol. · 2024 · 19 · 77510.1038/s41565-024-01626-0 ↗

25. Sang · Small · 2025 · e0880310.1002/smll.202508803 ↗

26. Kim · Nat. Catal. · 2025 · 8 · 69710.1038/s41929-025-01368-9 ↗

27. Mu · Nat. Commun. · 2022 · 13 · 369410.1038/s41467-022-31498-8 ↗

28. Ma · Adv. Mater. · 2022 · 34 · 211060710.1002/adma.202110607 ↗

29. Yu · Chem. Commun. · 2022 · 58 · 1116310.1039/D2CC04789F ↗

30. Wang · Nat. Commun. · 2024 · 15 · 469210.1038/s41467-024-49158-4 ↗

31. Dai · ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces · 2023 · 15 · 2839810.1021/acsami.3c04124 ↗

32. Lockwood Estrin · Adv. Mater. Interfaces · 2024 · 11 · 240025610.1002/admi.202400256 ↗

33. Hagger · Mater. Adv. · 2023 · 4 · 323910.1039/D3MA00249G ↗

34. Hagger · Mater. Des. · 2025 · 251 · 11368110.1016/j.matdes.2025.113681 ↗

35. Agrotis · Appl. Mater. Today · 2024 · 39 · 10228610.1016/j.apmt.2024.102286 ↗

36. Handoko · J. Phys. Chem. C · 2016 · 120 · 2005810.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07128 ↗

37. Cheng · Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. · 2017 · 114 · 179510.1073/pnas.1612106114 ↗

38. Kortlever · J. Phys. Chem. Lett. · 2015 · 6 · 407310.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01559 ↗

39. Zhang · Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. · 2023 · 120 · e221898712010.1073/pnas.2218987120 ↗

40. Lim · Nat. Commun. · 2023 · 14 · 33510.1038/s41467-023-35912-7 ↗

41. Liu · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 2024 · 146 · 1426010.1021/jacs.4c03830 ↗

42. Lin · Nat. Commun. · 2023 · 14 · 357510.1038/s41467-023-39351-2 ↗

43. Tang · ACS Appl. Energy Mater. · 2022 · 5 · 1404510.1021/acsaem.2c02595 ↗

44. Wang · Nat. Commun. · 2022 · 13 · 375410.1038/s41467-022-31427-9 ↗

45. Gao · Nat. Commun. · 2024 · 15 · 1033110.1038/s41467-024-54630-2 ↗

46. Mavrikakis · Phys. Rev. Lett. · 1998 · 81 · 281910.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2819 ↗

47. Bruggeman · Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. · 2017 · 26 · 12300210.1088/1361-6595/aa97af ↗

48. Maguire · Appl. Phys. Lett. · 2015 · 106 · 22410110.1063/1.4922034 ↗

49. Maguire · Nano Lett. · 2017 · 17 · 133610.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03440 ↗

50. Langlois · Nanoscale · 2012 · 4 · 338110.1039/c2nr11954d ↗

51. Weng · Nanoscale · 2018 · 10 · 986210.1039/C8NR02875C ↗

52. Kirfel · Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A · 1990 · 46 · 27110.1107/S0108767389012596 ↗

53. R. W. G.Wyckoff , Crystal Structures , Interscience Publishers , New York , 1963 , vol. 1

54. Viyannalage · J. Phys. Chem. C · 2007 · 111 · 403610.1021/jp067168c ↗

55. Ren · ACS Catal. · 2015 · 5 · 281410.1021/cs502128q ↗

56. Biesinger · Surf. Interface Anal. · 2017 · 49 · 132510.1002/sia.6239 ↗

57. Tomc · J. Phys. Chem. Lett. · 2025 · 16 · 955310.1021/acs.jpclett.5c01974 ↗

58. Anantharaj · ChemElectroChem · 2020 · 7 · 229710.1002/celc.202000515 ↗

59. Armstrong · J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. · 1972 · 39 · 8110.1016/S0022-0728(72)80477-7 ↗

60. Harrington · Electrochim. Acta · 1987 · 32 · 170310.1016/0013-4686(87)80005-1 ↗

61. Huang · ACS Catal. · 2017 · 7 · 174910.1021/acscatal.6b03147 ↗

62. Tezsevin · J. Energy Chem. · 2020 · 50 · 30710.1016/j.jechem.2020.03.080 ↗

63. Kenty · Surf. Sci. · 1969 · 15 · 40310.1016/0039-6028(69)90132-0 ↗

64. Lei · Nat. Commun. · 2022 · 13 · 485710.1038/s41467-022-32601-9 ↗

65. Bogatyrenko · J. Phys. Chem. C · 2023 · 127 · 256910.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07132 ↗

66. Montoya · ChemCatChem · 2013 · 5 · 73710.1002/cctc.201200564 ↗

67. Li · Nature · 2014 · 508 · 50410.1038/nature13249 ↗