Buckling of Steel Reinforcing Bars in Medium-Rise Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls

1. ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 520 pp.

2. ADINA R&D, Inc, 2016, Theory and Modeling Guide Volume 1: ADINA, Watertown, NY, 1146 pp.

3. Alarcon, C.; Hube, M. A.; and De la Llera, J. C., 2014, “Effect of Axial Loads in the Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls with Unconfined Wall Boundaries,” Engineering Structures, V. 73, pp. 13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.04710.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.047 ↗

4. Altin, S.; Anil, Ö.; Kopraman, Y.; and Kara, M. E., 2013a, “Hysteretic Behavior of RC Shear Walls Strengthened with CFRP Strips,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 44, No. 1, pp. 321-329. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.00910.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.009 ↗

5. Altin, S.; Kopraman, Y.; and Baran, M., 2013b, “Strengthening of RC Walls Using Externally Bonding of Steel Strips,” Engineering Structures, V. 49, pp. 686-695. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.02210.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.022 ↗

6. Bae, S.; Mieses, A. M.; and Bayrak, O., 2005, “Inelastic Buckling of Reinforcing Bars,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 131, No. 2, pp. 314-321. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:2(314)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:2(314) ↗

7. Biskinis, D., and Fardis, M. N., 2010a, “Deformations at Flexural Yielding of Members with Continuous or Lap-Spliced Bars,” Structural Concrete, V. 11, No. 3, pp. 127-138. doi: 10.1680/stco.2010.11.3.12710.1680/stco.2010.11.3.127 ↗

8. Biskinis, D., and Fardis, M. N., 2010b, “Flexure-Controlled Ultimate Deformations of Members with Continuous or Lap-Spliced Bars,” Structural Concrete, V. 11, No. 2, pp. 93-108. doi: 10.1680/stco.2010.11.2.9310.1680/stco.2010.11.2.93 ↗

9. CEN Eurocode 8, 2004, “Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings (EN 1998-1),” European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 229 pp.

10. CEN Eurocode 8, 2005, “Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 3: Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings (EN 1998-3),” European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 89 pp.

11. Coleman, J., and Spacone, E., 2001, “Localization Issues in Force-Based Frame Elements,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 127, No. 11, pp. 1257-1265. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:11(1257)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:11(1257) ↗

12. Cosenza, E., and Prota, A., 2006, “Experimental Behaviour and Numerical Modelling of Smooth Steel Bars under Compression,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, V. 10, No. 3, pp. 313-329. doi: 10.1080/1363246060935059910.1080/13632460609350599 ↗

13. Chang, G. A., and Mander, J. B., 1994, “Seismic Energy Basic Fatigue Damage Analysis of Bridge Columns: Part I – Evaluation of Seismic Capacity,” Technical Report NCEER-94-0006, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 230 pp.

14. Christidis, K. I., 2017, “Behavior and Strengthening of Nonconforming Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls,” PhD dissertation, National Technical University of Greece, Athens, Greece, 343 pp. (in Greek)

15. Christidis, K. I., and Trezos, K. G., 2017, “Experimental Investigation of Existing Non-conforming RC Shear Walls,” Engineering Structures, V. 140, pp. 26-38. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.06310.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.063 ↗

16. Christidis, K. I.; Vougioukas, E.; and Trezos, K. G., 2016, “Strengthening of Non-conforming RC Shear Walls Using Different Steel Configurations,” Engineering Structures, V. 124, pp. 258-268. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.05.04910.1016/j.engstruct.2016.05.049 ↗

17. Christidis, K.; Vougioukas, E.; and Trezos, K. G., 2013, “Seismic Assessment of Existing RC Shear Walls Noncompliant with Current Code Provisions,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 65, No. 17, pp. 1059-1072. doi: 10.1680/macr.13.0005110.1680/macr.13.00051 ↗

18. Dhakal, R. P., and Maekawa, K., 2002a, “Modeling for Post-Yield Buckling of Reinforcement,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 128, No. 9, pp. 1139-1147. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1139)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1139) ↗

19. Dhakal, R., and Maekawa, K., 2002b, “Path-Dependent Cyclic Stress-Strain Relationship of Reinforcing Bar Including Buckling,” Engineering Structures, V. 24, No. 11, pp. 1383-1396. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00080-910.1016/S0141-0296(02)00080-9 ↗

20. Gomes, A., and Appleton, J., 1997, “Nonlinear Cyclic Stress-Strain Relationship of Reinforcing Bars Including Buckling,” Engineering Structures, V. 19, No. 10, pp. 822-826. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00166-110.1016/S0141-0296(97)00166-1 ↗

21. Grammatikou, S.; Biskinis, D.; and Fardis, M. N., 2015, “Strength, Deformation Capacity and Failure Modes of RC Walls under Cyclic Loading,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, V. 13, No. 11, pp. 3277-3300. doi: 10.1007/s10518-015-9762-x10.1007/s10518-015-9762-x ↗

22. Grammatikou, S.; Biskinis, D.; and Fardis, M. N., 2016, “Ultimate Strain Criteria for RC Members in Monotonic or Cyclic Flexure,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 142, No. 9, pp. 04016046. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.000150110.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001501 ↗

23. Greifenhagen, C., and Lestuzzi, P., 2005, “Static Cyclic Tests on Lightly Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls,” Engineering Structures, V. 27, No. 11, pp. 3277-3300 doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.06.00810.1016/j.engstruct.2005.06.008 ↗

24. Kent, D. C., and Park, R., 1971, “Flexural Members with Confined Concrete,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 97, No. 7, pp. 1969-1990.10.1061/JSDEAG.0002957 ↗

25. Kuang, J. S., and Ho, Y. B., 2008, “Seismic Behavior and Ductility of Squat Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls with Nonseismic Detailing,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 225-231.10.14359/19738 ↗

26. Li, B.; Pan, Z.; and Xiang, W., 2015, “Experimental Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Squat RC Structural Walls with Limited Ductility Reinforcing Details,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, V. 19, No. 2, pp. 313-331. doi: 10.1080/13632469.2014.96266910.1080/13632469.2014.962669 ↗

27. Lu, Y.; Henry, S. R.; Gultom, R.; and Ma, Q. T., 2016, “Cyclic Testing of Reinforced Concrete Walls with Distributed Minimum Vertical Reinforcement,” Journal of Structural Engineering, V. 143, No. 5, pp. 1-17.10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001723 ↗

28. Maalej, M.; Tanwongsval, S.; and Paramasivam, P., 2003, “Modelling of Rectangular RC Columns Strengthened with FRP,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 25, No. 2, pp. 263-276. doi: 10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00017-310.1016/S0958-9465(02)00017-3 ↗

29. Massone, L. M., and Lopez, E. E., 2014, “Modeling of Reinforcement Global Buckling in RC Elements,” Engineering Structures, V. 59, pp. 484-494. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.11.01510.1016/j.engstruct.2013.11.015 ↗

30. Massone, L. M.; Orakcal, K.; and Wallace, J. W., 2006, “Shear-Flexure Interaction for Structural Walls,” Deformation Capacity and Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members under Cyclic Loading, SP-236, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 127-150.

31. Mau, S. T., 1990, “Effect of Tie Spacing on Inelastic Buckling of Reinforcing Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 87, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 671-677.10.14359/2974 ↗

32. Mau, S. T., and El-Mabsout, M., 1989, “Inelastic Buckling of Reinforcing Bars,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, V. 115, No. 1, pp. 1-17. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1989)115:1(1)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1989)115:1(1) ↗

33. Mazzoni, S.; McKenna, F.; Scott, M. H.; Fenves, G. L. et al., 2007, OpenSees Command Language Manual, 451 pp.

34. Monti, G., and Nuti, C., 1992, “Nonlinear Cyclic Behavior of Reinforcing Bars Including Buckling,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 118, No. 12, pp. 3268-3284. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:12(3268)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:12(3268) ↗

35. Orakcal, K.; Massone, L. M.; and Wallace, J. W., 2006, “Analytical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Walls for Predicting Flexural and Coupled – Shear-Flexural Responses,” PEER Report 2006/2007, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 228 pp.

36. Panagiotakos, T. B., and Fardis, M. N., 2001, “Deformations of Reinforced Concrete Members at Yielding and Ultimate,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 135-148.10.14359/10181 ↗

37. Pantazopoulou, S., 1998, “Detailing for Reinforcement Stability in R.C. Members,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 124, No. 6, pp. 623-632. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:6(623)10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:6(623) ↗

38. Paulay, T., and Priestley, M. J. N., 1992, Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 764 pp.10.1002/9780470172841 ↗

39. Scott, B. D.; Park, R.; and Priestley, M. J. N., 1982, “Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined by Overlapping Hoops at Low and High Strain Rates,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 79, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 13-27.10.14359/10875 ↗

40. Vulcano, A.; Bertero, V. V.; and Colotti, V., 1988, “Analytical Modeling of R/C Shear Walls,” 9WCEE – 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, pp. 41-46.

41. Yalcin, C. M., and Saatcioglu, M., 2000, “Inelastic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Computers & Structures, V. 77, No. 5, pp. 539-555. doi: 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00228-X10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00228-X ↗

42. Yuksel, S. B., 2017, “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls with Mesh Reinforcement Subjected to Cyclic Loading,” Fifth International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science, Baku, Azerbaijan, pp. 1308-1318.

43. Zeris, C. A., and Mahin, S. A., 1991, “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Uniaxial Excitation,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 117, No. 9, pp. 804-820.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:9(2640) ↗

44. Zong, Z., and Kunnath, S., 2008, “Buckling of Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Structures under Seismic Loads,” 14WCEE – 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.