Solid-State synthesis, structural and magnetic characterization of ferromagnetic phases in 24Ga/76Fe(0 0 1), 40Ga/60Fe(0 0 1) and 60Ga/40Fe(0 0 1) bilayers
Source abstract
Abstract
The A2, B2, D0 3 phases and dispersive nanoprecipitates play key roles in the nature of super-functional properties, such as the large and sensitive magnetostriction, in Fe 100-xGa x alloys. However, the temperature conditions for the occurrence of the chemical interaction between Fe and Ga, leading to the synthesis of these phases and nanoprecipitates, remain completely unexplored. Herein we first report results of the start of the chemical interaction at the Ga/Fe(0 0 1) interface and the structural and magnetic phase transformations in 24Ga/76Fe(0 0 1), 40Ga/60Fe(0 0 1) and 60Ga/40Fe(0 0 1) bilayers from room temperature to 800 °C. For all bilayers the magnetic ordered D0 3 phase is the first phase which is formed at the Ga/Fe(0 0 1) interface at ∼ 375 °C. When the annealing temperature is increased above 580 °C in 24Ga/76Fe(0 0 1) samples the epitaxial D0 3(0 0 1) layer begins to develop into the epitaxial magnetic ordered B2(0 0 1) layer, which remains after annealing to 800 °C. In 40Ga/60Fe(0 0 1) samples the epitaxial D0 3(0 0 1) layer evolves into the epitaxial B2(0 0 1) layer and a new epitaxial layer with interplanar spacing 0.1484 nm (L6 0 ʹ), which has close reflections with L6 0 nanoprecipitates. The L6 0 ʹ phase exhibits unique magnetic properties, including a large magnetic fourfold anisotropy constant of ∼ 7·10 5 erg/cm 3 and 8-fold anisotropy. The solid-state reactions in 60Ga/40Fe(0 0 1) samples start with the synthesis of D0 3 nanograins embedded in amorphous phases, whose peaks are centered on D0 3(0 0 4) and Fe(0 0 2) reflections. Above 700 °C the amorphous phases partially crystallize and the epitaxial magnetic L6 0 ʹ and ordered B2(0 0 1) phases emerge. Dewetting and unidentified secondary precipitations are observed in all samples and their influence on the magnetic properties is discussed. Our results demonstrate not only the complex nature of initial stage Fe 100-xGa x alloy synthesis, but also predict the low-temperature transformation at ∼ 375 °C in the Fe - Ga phase diagram.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnetic Properties and Applications · Magnetic properties of thin films · Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys
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