Dynamic pinning and phase stability of transverse domain walls in asymmetric tie-shaped nanowires for spintronic applications

The dynamic control and phase stability of transverse domain walls (TDWs) in nanowires are pivotal for advancing spintronic technologies. This study uses micromagnetic simulations to investigate TDWs in asymmetric Tie-shaped permalloy nanowires (T-NWs). By exploiting the continuously varying width of T-NWs, we uncover the intricate mechanisms of TDW pinning and motion under applied magnetic fields. Our findings highlight stable pinning processes and identify critical instabilities that herald phase transitions to vortex domain walls (VDWs). We systematically analyze non-equilibrium energy dynamics, including exchange, anisotropy, and Zeeman energies, and we elucidate the energy dissipation pathways and their role in TDW stabilization. The results reveal that TDW phase stability is highly sensitive to geometric asymmetry, providing key insights for optimizing nanowire designs to enhance TDW control. These insights pave the way for more efficient spintronic devices, particularly in applications requiring high-speed domain wall manipulation and robust magnetic state retention.