Critical behavior approaches to 3D-Mean field model of GdPdIn

We report the critical behavior of GdPdIn in the vicinity of the magnetic phase transition through dc-magnetization characterization. The magnetic susceptibility indicates a ferromagnetic (FM) like behavior below the Curie temperature T C = 96 K. Curie–Weiss behavior indicates that the 4f-shells of Gd 3 + ions are fully contributing toward the magnetic properties. A second–order ferromagnetic phase transition in GdPdIn has been confirmed from the positive slope of Arrott plots. The critical exponents β = 0.538(2) and γ = 1.077(3) were derived from modified Arrott plots method, while Kouvel–Fisher method yielded β = 0.540(2) and γ = 1.090(2). The third critical exponent value of δ = 2.998(3) is estimated from the critical isotherm at 96 K. The calculated critical exponents value are very close to the mean–field model. The observed critical exponents follow the Widom relation’s δ = 1 + γ / β . The reliability of obtained critical exponents are examined through the scaling hypothesis. This study also illustrates that exchange interaction ( J ( r ) ) in the GdPdIn is found to decay as r − 4 . 5 .